Smart Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design, Modeling, and Assessment by Industry 4.0 Approaches (Industrial and Manufacturing Systems and Technologies: Sustainable and Intelligent Perspectives)

In this book, recent developments, the future outlook, and advanced and analytical modeling techniques of smart electric and hybrid vehicles are explained with examples backed by experimental and numerical data. It also discusses the integration of newer developments like digital twin, artificial intelligence, nature-inspired algorithms, Internet of Things, and the role of Industry 4.0 in advancements in vehicle engineering. It compiles overall aspects of advancements in smart electric and hybrid vehicles by bringing the latest research and development by comprehensive range of mathematical, numerical, and simulation modeling, and management techniques to strengthen the engineering science and technological developments for the future.Features:• This book focuses on contemporary aspects of smart electric and hybrid vehicles techniques for new means and models for green environment.• Discusses the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and machine vision tools in smart electric and hybrid vehicles.• Presents design and analysis of charging stations and their sustainability roadmap for smart electric vehicles.• Highlights the cyber and functional security of intelligent and hybrid vehicles.• Explains diagnostics, prognostics, reliability, and durability issues in smart electric and hybrid vehicles.• Covers the Internet of Things-based battery and charging management approach and effect of voltage drop in charging capacity of smart electric vehicles.It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and automotive engineering. Cover Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors List of Contributors Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Smart Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Architecture 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Description of Components 1.2 Types of Electric Vehicles 1.2.1 Battery electric vehicle 1.2.2 Hybrid electric vehicle 1.2.3 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1.2.4 Fuel cell electric vehicle 1.3 Merits and Demerits of A Hybrid Vehicle 1.3.1 Merits 1.3.2 Demerits 1.4 Difference Between Electric Vehicle & Hybrid Vehicle 1.5 Battery Technology and Energy Storage System 1.6 Infrastructure of Charging Stations (Types of Charging) 1.6.1 AC charger 1.6.2 DC charger 1.7 Vehicle to Grid Technology and Smart Charging Strategies 1.8 Role of Emerging Technologies in Electric Vehicle 1.8.1 Wireless charging technology 1.9 Conclusion 1.10 Future Scope of Electric Vehicle References 2 Proof of Concept: An On-Road Recharging E-Vehicle 2.1 Electric Vehicle (EV) 2.2 Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Technology 2.2.1 Comparison Between Different Wireless Power Transfer Methods for the E-Vehicle Prototype 2.2.2 Pros and Cons of Using Wireless Power Transfer 2.2.3 Oscillators 2.2.3.1 Colpitts Oscillator 2.2.3.2 Hartley Oscillator 2.3 Half-Wave Rectifier 2.4 Coil 2.5 Summary 2.6 Prototyping The Proposed EV 2.6.1 Prototype Overview 2.6.2 Function of Each Component in the Transmitter Circuit 2.6.3 Function of Each Component in the Receiver Circuit 2.6.4 Summary of the Section 2.7 Result and Analysis 2.7.1 Proposed Hardware Design of Transmitter Coil 2.7.2 Proposed Hardware Design of Receiver Coil 2.7.3 NI MULTISIM Simulation Result 2.8 The Proposed Ev Strengths and Limitations 2.9 Conclusion and Future Work References Chapter 3 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery: Fundamentals, Design, and Manufacturing Processes 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fundamentals of Cylindrical LIB 3.3 Basic Principle, Theory, and Calculations 3.3.1 Determining the Required Number of Cells 3.3.2 Determining the Pack Energy and Capacity 3.3.3 Determining Pack Energy at End of Life 3.3.4 Determining System Power 3.3.5 Determining Maximum Continuous Discharge Current 3.3.6 Determining Charge Voltages 3.4 LIB Heating and Cooling Requirements 3.5 Battery Ending Measures 3.6 Manufacturing Processes and Nomenclature of Li-Ion Cell 3.7 Technological Challenges Associated With Manufacturing Processes of Cylindrical LIB 3.8 Conclusions References Chapter 4 Revolutionizing Vehicular Braking: The Uni-Booster Integrated Disc Brake System 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review 4.2.1 Objectives 4.3 Introduction to the Vehicle 4.3.1 Details of the Disc Brake 4.3.2 Ceramic Brake Pads 4.3.3 Need for Uni-Booster Integrated Disc Brakes 4.4 Working Principle 4.4.1 Working of Disc Brake 4.5 Need for New Products 4.5.1 Strategy Alignment 4.5.2 Uni-Booster Brake System Versus Conventional Friction Brake System 4.6 Competitor Analysis 4.6.1 Competition Landscape 4.7 Product Life Cycle 4.7.1 Market Selection 4.8 Conclusions References Chapter 5 Analyzing the Impact of Bumper Height On Pedestrian Injuries Using Explicit Dynamics 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Anatomy of a Pedestrian-Vehicle Crash 5.1.2 Injury Profiles and Countermeasures 5.1.3 Evaluations of Countermeasures 5.2 Material, Design, and Modeling Approach 5.2.1 Review of Automotive Material 5.2.2 CAD Modeling of Bumper 5.2.3 Importing CAD Model in ANSYS Explicit Dynamics 5.2.4 Meshing CAD Model 5.2.5 Loads and Boundary Condition 5.3 Explicit Dynamic Results 5.3.1 Bumper Height 210 Mm From Ground 5.3.2 Bumper Height 260 Mm From Ground 5.3.3 Bumper Height 310 Mm From Ground 5.4 Conclusion References Chapter 6 Improvise in Sigma Level in Automobile Industries 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Problem Formulation 6.3 Dmaic Analysis 6.3.1 Define 6.3.2 Measure 6.3.3 Analysis 6.3.4 Improve 6.3.5 Control 6.4 Conclusions and Future Scope References Chapter 7 Navigating the Roadmap of Intelligent Transport in Indian Smart Cities: Sectorial Analysis, Challenges, and Key Elements of Data Science Enabled Solutions 7.1 Requirement of Data Science in City Public Transport System and Its Advantages 7.2. Overview of Data Science and Implementation On Various Features of Smart Cities 7.3 Discussion On THE Implementation Stages of Analytics for Smart Cities 7.4 Suggestive Methods and Features for Integrated Command and Control CentERs (ICCC) 7.5 Outcome of Data Science Enabled Solution On ITS References Chapter 8 Enhancing Aircraft Inspection Through Computer Vision: Mitigating Human Error and Improving Safety 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Aircraft Visual Inspection 8.2.1 Categories of Aircraft Infection 8.3 Aircraft Visual Inspection and Human Error 8.4 Methodological Approach 8.5 Computer Vision for Aircraft Inspection 8.5.1 Primary Outcomes Identified in Notable Papers Within the Literature Review 8.5.2 Components, Structure, and Technological Framework in Computer Vision 8.6 Computer Vision for Aero Engine Inspection 8.7 Use Cases for the Application of Computer Vision (CV) in the Inspection of Aircraft and Aeroengines 8.8 Limitations and Future Work 8.9 Conclusion References Chapter 9 Unleashing the Power of YOLOv5: Revolutionizing Person Detection and Counting in Restricted Zones 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 The Motivation for the Research 9.1.2 Objectives of the Research 9.1.3 Implications of the Research 9.2 Related Work 9.3 Methodology 9.3.1 Dataset Under Study 9.3.2 YOLOv5 Inference Pipeline 9.3.3 Detectron2 Module 9.3.4 Supervision Module 9.4 Results and Discussion 9.4.1 Features of YOLOv5 9.4.2 Comparative Study of YOLO5 With State-Of-The-Art Models 9.5 Person Identification in Restricted Zones 9.6 Conclusion References Chapter 10 Revolutionizing Cloud Computing Security With the Power of Artificial Intelligence: Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.3 Discussion 10.4 Table/Formulation 10.5 Conclusion 10.6 Future Scope References Chapter 11 HDVF: Hazy Object Detection Network Based On Variational Features 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Related Work 11.3 The Proposed HDVF Method 11.3.1 Variational Module 11.3.2 Feature Extraction Module 11.3.3 Feature Processing and Detection Module 11.4 Experimental Results and Analysis 11.4.1 Dataset 11.4.2 Implementation Details 11.4.3 Quantitative Analysis 11.5 Conclusion References Index