Smart Civil Structures

"A smart civil structure integrates smart materials, sensors, actuators, signal processors, communication networks, power sources, diagonal strategies, control strategies, repair strategies, and life-cycle management strategies. It should function optimally and safely in its environment and maintain structural integrity during strong winds, severe earthquakes, and other extreme events. This book extends from the fundamentals to the state-of-the-art. It covers the elements of smart civil structures, their integration, and their functions. The elements consist of smart materials, sensors, control devices, signal processors, and communication networks. Integration refers to multi-scale modelling and model updating, multi-type sensor placement, control theory, and collective placement of control devices and sensors. And the functions include structural health monitoring, structural vibration control, structural self-repairing, and structural energy harvesting, with emphasis on their synthesis to form truly smart civil structures. It suits civil engineering students, professionals, and researchers with its blend of principles and practice."--Provided by publisher Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Authors -- Part I: Elements in smart civil structures -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Civil structures -- 1.2 Loading conditions and environments -- 1.2.1 Dead loads -- 1.2.2 Live loads -- 1.2.3 Wind loads -- 1.2.4 Earthquake loads -- 1.2.5 Highway loads -- 1.2.6 Railway loads -- 1.2.7 Impact loads -- 1.2.8 Temperature effects -- 1.2.9 Corrosion -- 1.3 Materials used in civil structures -- 1.4 Design, construction and maintenance -- 1.5 Necessity of smart civil structures -- 1.5.1 Structural health monitoring technology -- 1.5.2 Structural vibration control technology -- 1.5.3 Definition of smart civil structures -- 1.6 Historical developments of smart civil structures -- 1.7 Organisation of this book -- References -- 2: Smart materials -- 2.1 Preview -- 2.2 Shape memory alloys -- 2.2.1 Basic characteristics of shape memory alloys -- 2.2.2 Constitutive modelling of shape memory effect -- 2.2.3 Applications of shape memory alloys in smart civil structures -- 2.3 Piezoelectric materials -- 2.3.1 Basic characteristics of piezoelectric materials -- 2.3.2 Constitutive modelling of piezoelectric materials -- 2.3.3 Applications of piezoelectric materials in smart civil structures -- 2.4 Magnetostrictive materials -- 2.4.1 Basic characteristics of magnetostrictive materials -- 2.4.2 Constitutive modelling of magnetostrictive materials -- 2.4.3 Applications of magnetostrictive materials in smart civil structures -- 2.5 Electrorheological and magnetorheological fluids -- 2.5.1 Basic characteristics of ER and MR fluids -- 2.5.2 Constitutive modelling of ER and MR fluids -- 2.5.3 Applications of ER and MR fluids in smart civil structures -- 2.6 Optical fibres Part Part I: Elements in smart civil structures -- chapter 1 Introduction -- chapter 2 Smart materials -- chapter 3 Sensors and sensory systems -- chapter 4 Control devices and control systems -- chapter 5 Processors and processing systems -- part Part II: Integration for smart civil structures -- chapter 6 Multi-scale modelling of civil structures -- chapter 7 System identification and model updating -- chapter 8 Multi-type sensor placement -- chapter 9 Structural control theory -- chapter 10 Control device placement -- chapter 11 Collective placement of control devices and sensors -- part Part III: Functions of smart civil structures -- chapter 12 Structural damage detection -- chapter 13 Structural vibration control -- chapter 14 Synthesis of structural health monitoring and vibration control in the frequency domain -- chapter 15 Synthesis of structural health monitoring and vibration control in the time domain -- chapter 16 Energy harvesting for structural health monitoring and vibration control -- chapter 17 Synthesis of energy harvesting, structural control and health monitoring -- chapter 18 Synthesis of structural self-repairing and health monitoring -- chapter 19 Synthesis of structural life-cycle management and health monitoring -- chapter 20 Epilogue: Challenges and prospects