Smart Cities and Smart Governance: Towards the 22nd Century Sustainable City (Public Administration and Information Technology Book 37)

This edited volume discusses smart cities and smart governance within the framework of the 22nd century sustainable city. Written by members of the Smart Cities Smart Government Research Practice Consortium (SCSGRPC), an international multidisciplinary consortium of researchers and practitioners devoted to studying smart governance, this book provides a foundation for global efforts to envision and prepare for the next generation city by advancing understanding of the nature of and need for novel policies, new administrative practices, and enabling technologies required to advance urban governance, governments, and infrastructure. The chapters focus on practical models and approaches, theoretical frameworks, policy models, emerging issues, questions and research problems, as well as including case studies from different parts of the world. A valuable addition to the body of knowledge on smartness in urban government, this book will be of use to researchers in the fields of public administration, political science, information science, and information systems, as well as policy makers and government officials working on implementing smart technology in their cities. Smart Cities and Smart Governance Foreword References Acknowledgment Introduction Creating an International Research Practice Network: A Short History of the SCSGRP Consortium A Unique Addition to the Body of Knowledge on Smart Cities Governance Policy Innovations in Smart Cities Technology and Management Who Should Read This Book? Contents Contributors About the Authors About the Editors Part I: Governance Smart Governance: Analyzing 5 Years of Academic Output on the Subject Matter Introduction Review of the “Review, Roadmap, Framework, and Related Literature” Research Questions Methodology Findings Budgeting/Controlling/Evaluating Government Modernization Security and Safety Infrastructure Overhaul and Ubiquitous High-Speed Connectivity Electric Mobility Participation and Collaboration Open Data/Big Data Provision and Use Open Government, Transparency, and Accountability Discussion General Observations and Limitations Norms in Smart Governance Initiatives Smart Governance-Related Policies Smart Governance-Related Practices Smart Governance-Related Information ICTs/Other Technologies and Smart Governance Skills and Human Capital and Smart Governance Other Resources and Smart Governance Themes and Topics across Smart Governance Research Concluding Remarks and Future Research References Path Dependency of Smart Cities: How Technological and Social Legacies Condition Smart City Development Introduction Path Dependency of Smart Cities Research Methods Findings Glass Maas River Program Toward a Smart City Strategy for Rotterdam Analysis Conclusions References Government Characteristics to Achieve Smart Urban Governance: From Internal to External Transformation Introduction Government Characteristics for e-Government Adoption Methodological Procedures for the Literature Review Smart Urban Governance The Essential Government Characteristics for Smart Urban Governance Governance Assets Management From e-Government to Smart Urban Governance Final Considerations Appendix References Part II: Policy Review of International Standards and Policy Guidelines for Smart Sustainable Cities Introduction Research Methodology Related Work Policy Documents ISO/IEC JTC1 Smart Cities—Preliminary Report 2014 ISO 37120:2018 Sustainable Development of Communities—Indicators for City Services and Quality of Life ISO 37122:2019 Sustainable Cities and Communities—Indicators for Smart Cities Other ISO Standards Related to Smart Sustainable Cities ITU-T Key Performance Indicators Related to the Use of ICT in Smart Sustainable Cities ITU-T Key Performance Indicators Related to Sustainability Impact of ICT in Smart Sustainable Cities ITU-T Key Performance Indicators for Smart Sustainable Cities to Assess the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals ETSI TS 103463 Key Performance Indicators for Sustainable Digital Multiservice Cities UNESCWA Smart Cities—Regional Perspectives BRICS Smart Cities Movement Recommendations Analysis and Discussion Analysis of International Standards Analysis of International Policy Guidelines Conclusions References AI Regulation for Smart Cities: Challenges and Principles Introduction Dimensions of a Smart City Components of AI Systems Smart City AI Applications and Regulatory Challenges Framework of Principles for Smart City AI Regulation Limitations and Future Work Conclusion Appendix: A Review of Major AI Governance Frameworks References Creating Public Value in Cities: A Call for Focus on Context and Capability Introduction Smart Cities, Context, and Public Value Creation Smart Cities The Critical Role of Context in Smart City Investment Decision-Making Smart City Innovation, Context, and Public Value: A Selected Set of Case Studies Building an Angel Network, Mexico City Information Sharing in Megacities, New York City, USA Barcelona, Spain Municipal City Projects, Norway Tallahassee, Florida, USA The Value of Systematic Analysis of Context Building Public Value through Context-Specific Smart Cities Investments Discussion References The Green Dimension in 11 Smart City Plans: Is There an Environmental Ethic Embedded in Long Term Strategic Commitments? Introduction Toward a Definition of Smart Cities and the Hypothesis to Test Human Capital Technology Research Design and Case Studies The Green Dimension in the Smart City Plan for Shanghai Iskandar, Malaysia The Green Dimension in Smart City Plans in Cities in Japan The Green Dimension in the First Smart City Plan in New York The Green Dimension in Smart City Plans: The Case of Amsterdam The Green Dimension in Smart City Plans: Case of Málaga The Green Dimension in the Smart City Plan of Santander The Green Dimension in the Smart City Plan of Tarragona, Spain Analysis and Findings from Our Cases References Part III: Innovations in Smart Cities A Methodology for Participatory Planning of Smart City Interventions Introduction Background A Taxonomy of Smart City Actions A Participatory Planning Methodology Data Collection Data Processing Municipalities’ Data Citizens’ Data Municipalities—Citizens Comparison Application Municipalities Citizens Municipalities—Citizens Comparison Conclusions References An Urban Data Business Model Framework for Identifying Value Capture in the Smart City: The Case of OrganiCity Introduction Related Work Methodology Research Design Case Data Collection Validated Framework Key Resources Data Hardware and Software Key Activities Target Customers Revenue Models Cost Structure Application of the Framework “Sensing as a Service” Model Example: Air Pollution Data “Prescriptive Insights as Product” Model Example: Waste Fill Data “Analytics as a Service” Model Example: Open Government Expenditure Data “Recognition as a Service” Model Example: Noise Pollution Data “Automated Service Interaction” Model Example: Open Urban Data “Crowdsourcing Community Platform” Model Example: Infrastructure Data Conclusion and Future Work References Towards Smart Governance: Insights from Assessing ICT-Enabled Social Innovation in Europe Introduction Methodology Definitions and Approach Literature Review and Design of the Conceptual and Analytical Framework Mapping and Analysis of the Initiatives Results Comparative and Chronological Analysis of the Typical ICT-Enabled Social Innovation Initiatives Variation in Terms of Status of Initiatives Variation in Terms of Technologies Variation in Data Use Variation in Terms of Service Integration Variation in Terms of Partnerships Variation in Terms of Strength of ICT-Enabled Social Innovation Variation in Relation to the Evidence of Relevant Policy Outcomes Analysis of the 2017 Mapping Typologies of ICT-Enabled Innovation Potential Levels of Governance of Service Integration Types of Services Integration Resilience Conclusions Testing Research Hypotheses Contribution to the Debate References Analyzing the Influence of the Smart Dimensions on the Citizens’ Quality of Life in the European Smart Cities’ Context Introduction The Quality of Life in Smart Cities Empirical Research Sample Selection Data and Method Analysis of Results RQ1. How Is the Transition Possible from the Objective Measures of City Smartness to an Intangible Entity of QoL? RQ2. How Can the Different Smart Dimensions Influence the Citizen’s QoL in SCs? Discussions and Conclusion Annex References Part IV: Technology and Management Smart Cities in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things: Promises and Challenges Introduction Smart Cities: Opportunities for a Sustainable Environment Research Methodology Definition of Review Scope Strategy of the Literature Review Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Data Sources and Studies Selection Knowledge Extraction Strategy Descriptive Analysis of the Included Studies Findings Opportunities of AI and IoT in Smart Cities The Internet of Things in Smart Cities What Is the Internet of Things? The Role of IoT in Smart Cities Examples of Application Areas of IoT in Smart Cities Smart Home Smart Transport Smart Healthcare Urban Environment Industry Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Smart Cities What Is Artificial Intelligence? The Role of AI in Smart Cities Applications Areas of AI in Smart Cities Challenges of IA and IoT in Smart Cities Challenges of AI in Smart Cities Challenges of IoT in Smart Cities Conclusion References Living Apart Together? Discussing the Different Digital Worlds in City Government Introduction Different Technologies and Different Worlds Back-Office IS eGovernment IS Smart City IS Discussing an Integrated Approach Business Value Phasing Funding Mindset Reskilling Standardization Ethics Conclusions References Wireless Sensor Network in Smart City Pilots: The Case of Salerno in Italy (from 2015 to 2019) Introduction Technologies for Smart City The Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Salerno City The 169 MHz RF Modules The Concentrator The Central Unit Smart Add-On for Water Meters Elderly Assistance Service Tele-Parking Service PM10 Sensor Prototype Main Results of the Pilot Project Conclusions References Building a Smart City Platform: A FIWARE Example Introduction Case Description The FIWARE Platform The Context Broker: Orion Backend Device Management: IDAS Storing Time Series Data: Cygnus Short-Term Historic: Comet Security Wirecloud The Implementation Security Data Storage Retrieving Data Representing Spatial Data Providing an Administration Interface Performance Testing Procedure Performance Evaluation Conclusions References Toward an Open IoT Implementation for Urban Environments: The Architecture of the DBL SmartCity Platform Introduction The Need for Open, Interoperable Smart City IoT The DBL SmartCity Platform The Overall Platform Architecture “Things” (IoT Devices) Tier Management of “Things” Tier Event Streaming Tier Data Storage Tier Data Querying Tier Platform Services Tier Public API Tier Applications Tier Data Typology and Storage WGS84: The Default Georeferential System Cesium 3D Tiles for Streaming Geometry Data Features 3D Tiles 3D Tileset Databases and Data Schemas Real-Time (Hot) vs. Historic (Cold) Data Data Processing Data Pipeline A: From OSM to Streaming 3D Tiles Data Pipeline B: From IFC to Streaming 3D Tiles Interacting with Data Interaction Design for the Web Client Plug-In “Apps” Support for Federated Nodes Discussion Conclusions and Future Work References Correction to: A Methodology for Participatory Planning of Smart City Interventions Correction to: Chapter 8 in: E. Estevez et al. (eds.), Smart Cities and Smart Governance, Public Administration and Information Technology 37 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61033-3_8 Index "This edited volume discusses smart cities and smart governance within the framework of the 22nd century sustainable city. Written by members of the Smart Cities Smart Government Research Practice Consortium (SCSGRPC), an international multidisciplinary consortium of researchers and practitioners devoted to studying smart governance, this book provides a foundation for global efforts to envision and prepare for the next generation city by advancing understanding of the nature of and need for novel policies, new administrative practices, and enabling technologies required to advance urban governance, governments, and infrastructure. The chapters focus on practical models and approaches, theoretical frameworks, policy models, emerging issues, questions and research problems, as well as case studies from different parts of the world. A valuable addition to the body of knowledge on smartness in urban government, this book will be of use to researchers in the fields of public administration, political science, information science, and information systems, as well as policy makers and government officials working on implementing smart technology in their cities."-- Provided by publisher