مهندسی آنتن هوشمند (کتابخانه ارتباطات موبایل آرتک هاوس)

zooghby, A Senior Member Of The Ieee, Offers Professionals Information On Applying Smart Antennas In 2g, 3g, And Advanced Mimo Wireless And Mobile Communication Systems. He Provides Practical Design Guidance That Enables Engineers To Select The Approach Most Suitable For A Particular Application, Design The Appropriate Uplink And Downlink Beamforming Algorithms, Evaluate The Performance Of A Given Systems Solution, And Balance Capacity And Coverage On Both The Uplink And Downlink To Improve Overall Performance. The Latest Spatial Channel Models Are Also Described. Annotation ©2005 Book News, Inc., Portland, Or Smart Antenna Engineering 2 Contents v 6 Preface xiii 14 Acknowledgments xvii 18 1 Introduction 1 20 1.1 Wireless Mobile Communications Systems 1 20 1.2 Global Mobile Market Growth 3 22 1.3 Alternatives for Meeting Data Demand 4 23 1.4 Technology Peak Rates and Throughput 6 25 1.5 Why Smart Antennas? 7 26 1.6 Benefits of Smart Antennas 7 26 1.8 Switched and Fixed Beam Antennas 9 28 1.9 Adaptive Arrays 10 29 References 11 30 2 Multiple Access Techniques for 2G and 3G Systems 13 32 2.1 Introduction 13 32 2.2 Multiple Access Wireless Communications 14 33 2.3 Fundamentals of CDMA 21 40 2.4 Third Generation Systems 36 55 2.5 Basic CDMA Procedures 49 68 2.6 CDMA Embedded Cell Capacity 53 72 2.7 Coverage Versus Capacity Trade-Off 55 74 2.8 Conclusion 57 76 References 57 76 Selected Bibliography 59 78 3 Spatial Channel Modeling 61 80 3.1 Introduction 61 80 3.2 Radio Environments and Cell Types 63 82 3.3 The Multipath Channel 64 83 3.4 Channel Characterization 65 84 3.5 Path Loss Models 66 85 3.6 Spatial Channel Modeling 67 86 3.7 Spatial Channel Model Application in System Simulations 74 93 3.8 Angle Spread Impact 77 96 References 80 99 Selected Bibliography 81 100 4 Fixed Beam Smart Antenna Systems 83 102 4.1 Introduction 83 102 4.2 Conventional Sectorization 83 102 4.3 Limitations of Conventional Sectorization 88 107 4.4 Antenna Arrays Fundamentals 89 108 4.5 Beamforming 105 124 4.6 The Butler Matrix 107 126 4.7 Spatial Filtering with Beamformers 110 129 4.8 Switched Beam Systems 111 130 4.9 Multiple Fixed Beam Systems 113 132 4.10 Adaptive Cell Sectorization in CDMA Systems 114 133 References 116 135 5 Adaptive Array Systems 117 136 5.1 Uplink Processing 117 136 5.2 Downlink Processing 132 151 5.3 Downlink Beamforming 142 161 5.4 Conclusion 149 168 References 151 170 Selected Bibliography 152 171 6 Smart Antenna Receivers and Algorithms for Radio Base Stations 159 178 6.1 Reference Signal Methods 159 178 6.2 Neural Network DOA-Based Beamforming 170 189 6.3 Angle Spread Impact on Optimum Beamforming 175 194 6.4 Downlink Beamforming 181 200 6.5 Vector Rake Receivers 182 201 6.6 Channel Estimation 183 202 6.7 Beamforming 184 203 6.8 Conclusion 185 204 References 186 205 7 Coverage and Capacity Improvements in 3G Networks 191 210 7.1 Introduction 191 210 7.2 Link Budgets and Coverage 192 211 7.3 Voice Services 197 216 7.4 Data Applications 203 222 7.5 Limiting Links for Coverage and Capacity 209 228 7.6 Smart Antennas Impact on Uplink Coverage and Capacity 211 230 7.7 Conclusions 226 245 References 227 246 8 Smart Antennas System Aspects 231 250 8.1 Introduction 231 250 8.2 Third Generation Air Interfaces and Protocol Stacks 232 251 8.3 Physical Layer 233 252 8.4 Mobile Call States 237 256 8.5 Mobility Procedures to Support High-Speed Data Transfer 238 257 8.6 Procedures to Reestablish High-Speed Data Transfer 240 259 8.8 Pilot Channels 241 260 8.9 Channels Applicable for Downlink Beamforming 243 262 8.10 Overview of Major Radio Network Algorithms 244 263 8.11 System Impact of Advanced Spatial Techniques 247 266 8.12 Beam Steering/Adaptive Beamforming 258 277 8.13 Conclusion 261 280 References 262 281 9 Mobile Stations’ Smart Antennas 265 284 9.1 Introduction 265 284 9.2 Multiple-Antenna MS Design 268 287 9.3 Combining Techniques 272 291 9.4 Adaptive Beamforming or Optimum Combining 272 291 9.5 RAKE Receiver Size 278 297 9.6 Mutual Coupling Effects 279 298 9.7 Dual-Antenna Performance Improvements 280 299 9.9 Conclusions 286 305 References 287 306 10 MIMO Systems 289 308 10.1 Introduction 289 308 10.2 Principles of MIMO Systems 290 309 10.3 Transmission Strategies 295 314 10.4 MIMO Approaches 297 316 10.5 MIMO Advantages and Key Performance Issues 298 317 10.6 RF Propagation Characterization 299 318 10.7 SINR Environment 299 318 10.8 Spatial Multiplexing 300 319 10.9 Conclusion 302 321 References 303 322 List of Acronyms 305 324 About the Author 311 330 Index 313 332 Annotation The increasing demand for wireless services and the growing number of wireless users are pushing networks to their capacity limits. Smart antenna technology can overcome these capacity limits as well as improve signal quality and let mobile telephones operate on less power. This book arms wireless telecom engineers with a powerful design methodology that allows them to select the smart antenna approach most suitable for a particular application. It also allows wireless engineers to evaluate systems performance of a particular design and engineer smart antenna designs for optimal performance. A comprehensive and practical reference, this book offers guidance in the application of smart antennas in 2G, 3G, and advanced Mimo (multiple input and multiple output) wireless systems In the 1980s and 1990s, wireless cellular and personal communications systems (PCS) began to flourish with the advent of second generation mobile communications systems, or simply 2G, to cope with increasing demands.