Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions: Results of SSPCR 2019 (Green Energy and Technology)

This book offers a selection of research papers and case studies presented at the 3 rd international conference “Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions”, held in December 2019 in Bolzano, Italy, and explores the concept of smart and sustainable planning, including top contributions from academics, policy makers, consultants and other professionals. Innovation processes such as co-design and co-creation help establish collaborations that engage with stakeholders in a trustworthy and transparent environment while answering the need for new value propositions. The importance of an integrated, holistic approach is widely recognized to break down silos in local government, in particular, when aimed at achieving a better integration of climate-energy planning. Despite the ongoing urbanization and polarization processes, new synergies between urban and rural areas emerge, linking development opportunities to intrinsic cultural, natural and man-made landscape values. The increasing availability of big, real-time urban data and advanced ICT facilitates frequent assessment and continuous monitoring of performances, while allowing fine-tuning as needed. This is valid not only for individual projects but also on a wider scale. In addition, and circling back to the first point, (big) urban data and ICT can be of enormous help in facilitating engagement and co-creation by raising awareness and by providing insight into the local consequences of specific plans. However, this potential is not yet fully exploited in standard processes and procedures, which can therefore lack the agility and flexibility to keep up with the pulse of the city and dynamics of society. The book provides a multi-disciplinary outlook based on experience to orient the reader in the giant galaxy of smart and sustainable planning, support the transposition of research into practice, scale up visionary approaches and design groundbreaking planning policies and tools. SSPCR 2019 Committees Project Manager and Scientific Committee Coordinator Scientific Committee Members Organizing Committee Contacts Preface Third Time’s a Charm: Highlights from SSPCR 2019 About This Book Highlights Contents About the Editors Shaping the Climate and Energy Transition: Clean Energy and Robust Systems for All Smart Approach to Management of Energy Resources in Smart Cities: Evaluation of Models and Methods 1 Introduction 2 Description of Existing Smart City Models: Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Findings 5 Discussion 6 Conclusions References City-Level Evaluation: Categories, Application Fields and Indicators for Advanced Planning Processes for Urban Transformation 1 Introduction 2 City-Level Evaluation Methodology 2.1 Step I: Calculation of the City-Level Indicators 2.2 Step II: Normalization of the City-Level Indicators 2.3 Step III: Prioritization of the Categories, Application Fields and City-Level Indicators 2.4 Step IV: Aggregation to Calculate City Indexes 3 Results for the Cities of the MAKING-CITY Project 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Proposal for an Integrated Approach to Support Urban Sustainability: The COSIMA Method Applied to Eco-Districts 1 Introduction 2 The Concept of an Eco-District 3 Methodological Proposal 3.1 Evaluation Framework 4 Results 5 Conclusions and Future Development References Open Innovation Strategies, Green Policies, and Action Plans for Sustainable Cities—Challenges, Opportunities, and Approaches 1 Introduction 2 City Challenges 2.1 Policies and Tools for Greening Cities—Urban Farms Opportunities 2.2 Tools for Climate Mitigation 3 Objective 4 Method 5 Innovative City 6 Strategies, Policies, Tools, and Actions for Smart and Sustainable Cities 6.1 Open Innovation Strategies, City of Rotterdam, the Netherlands 6.2 Sustainable Energy Action and Mobilizing Stakeholders—City of Hurghada 7 Results and Discussions 7.1 Transport Planned Actions 8 Conclusions Appendix References Governing and Planning Local Climate-Change Adaptation in the Alps 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Procedure 4 Methods and Analysis 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Projections of Electricity Demand in European Cities Using Downscaled Population Scenarios 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Modelling Framework 2.2 Data 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion and Future Research 6 Appendix References Integrated Building Data for Smart Regions and Cities—An Italian Pilot 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Thermal Performance Evaluation of Unshaded Courtyards in Egyptian Arid Regions 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 2.1 Site Description 3 Analysis of the Courtyard Characteristics 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Site-Measurements 4.2 Model Validation 4.3 Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort 5 Conclusion References Societal, Research and Innovation Challenges in Integrated Planning and Implementation of Smart and Energy-Efficient Urban Solutions: How Can Local Governments Be Better Supported? 1 Introduction 2 Smart Cities in the Future Programming Period of the European Commission 3 Innovative Approaches to Integrated Planning and Implementation of Smart City Solutions—Real-Life Examples from EU-Funded Projects 4 How Can the Uptake of Smart Sustainable City Solutions Be Accelerated in the Future? 5 Stepping Up the Efforts to Create Smart and Sustainable Cities in the Near Future by Practice, Research and Innovation 6 Research and Innovation Collaboration for Smart Sustainable Cities: Recommendations for Horizon Europe 7 Replication in Europe: How to Build New Projects for Positive Energy Districts 8 Conclusions and Next Steps References Urban (Big) Data: Challenges for Information Retrieval and Knowledge Discovery Transposing Integrated Data-Driven Urban Planning from Theory to Practice: Guidelines for Smart and Sustainable Cities 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Smart Urban Planning Process 2.2 Case Study Design 2.3 Deployed Decision-Support Tools 3 Results 3.1 Database Saturation 3.2 Assessment 3.3 Diagnosis 3.4 Digitalization Market Guidance 3.5 Action Planning 4 Discussion 4.1 The Role of Accessories and ICT Tools 4.2 Disruption of Innovation: Cities 4.3 Disruption of Innovation: Professionals 5 Conclusion Appendix Documentation of Deployed Network Analytic Tools References City Indicators Visualization and Information System (CIVIS) 1 Introduction 2 Sustainable Evaluation Framework 3 Web-Based Tool Concept and Workflow 4 Data Management 4.1 Normalization and Outliers’ Treatment 4.2 Aggregation and Data Estimation 5 Database, Design and Structure 5.1 Security and User Management 6 Conclusion 6.1 Summary 6.2 Future Works References Methodology and Operating Tool for Urban Renovation: The Case Study of the Italian City of Meran 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Collecting Ideas 2.2 Evaluation Criteria 2.3 Pre-feasibility Study 2.4 Operating Tool for Strategic Roadmapping 3 Results 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Investigate Walkability: An Assessment Model to Support Urban Development Processes 1 Introduction 2 Walkability and Assessment 2.1 The Multi-methodological Framework 2.2 The Case Study: The Politecnico di Torino Campus 2.3 Phase 1: Choosing 2.4 Phase 2: Analyzing 2.5 Phase 3: Evaluating 3 Discussion and Conclusions 4 Future Developments References Assessing the Level of Accessibility of Railway Public Transport for Women Passengers Using Location-Based Data: The Case of H2020 DIAMOND Project 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Territorial Data Index 2.2 Sociodemographic Data Index 2.3 Mobility Data Index 2.4 Railway Network Data 2.5 Social-Media Data 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References New Value Propositions in Times of Urban Innovation Ecosystems and Sharing Economies Assessing Integrated Circular Actions as Nexus Solutions Across Different Urban Challenges: Evidence Toward a City-Sensitive Circular Economy 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 3.1 Design Out Waste and Pollution 3.2 Regenerate Ecosystems for People and the Environment 3.3 Keep Construction Materials, Components, and Systems in Use 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Build or Reuse? Built Environment Regeneration Strategies and Real Estate Market in Seven Metropolitan Cities in Italy 1 Introduction 2 The Economic Model to Measure the Benefits Between Demolition and Rebuilding and Reuse 3 The Development of the Model in the Twelve Metropolitan Cities 4 Is Reuse of the Existing Stock the Only Possibility for Urban Regeneration? 5 Conclusions References Addressing the Problem of Private Abandoned Buildings in Italy. A Neo-Institutional Approach to Multiple Causes and Potential Solutions 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Multiple Causes of the Abandonment of Private Buildings 3.1 Economic Causes 3.2 Individual Causes 3.3 Procedural Causes 3.4 Typological Causes 4 Debating a “Regeneration-by-Regulation” Model for Abandoned Private Buildings in Italy 5 Conclusions References Unlocking the Social Impact of Built Heritage Projects: Evaluation as Catalyst of Value? 1 Introduction 2 Built Heritage and the Social Dimension 3 Achieving and Evaluating Social Impacts of Built Heritage Projects: Some Approaches 4 Enhancing Value Through an Evaluative and Social Impact-Oriented Framework: The System of Historical Farmhouses in Volpiano (Turin, Italy) 5 Conclusions References Renewable Energy Communities: Business Models of Multi-family Housing Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Modeling of Electricity Flows 2.2 User Bill Definition and Regulatory Frameworks 3 Case Studies 4 Results 4.1 Case Study #1 4.2 Case Study #2 5 Conclusions Appendix References Relevance of Cultural Features in Contingent Valuation: A Literature Review of Environmental Goods Assessments 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Sample 3 Results of the Review 4 Conclusion: The Influence of Cultural Factors on the WTP References Circular Economy Meets the Fashion Industry: Challenges and Opportunities in New York City 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Sustainability Challenges in the Fashion Industry 2.2 Circular Economy Meets the Fashion Industry 3 Methodology 4 NYC’s Circular Fashion Stakeholders 4.1 Government in Setting Vision and Collection Infrastructure 4.2 Nonprofits in Resource Recovery and Second-Hand Retail 4.3 Businesses in Extended Producer Responsibility and Innovation 4.4 Internet of Things (IoT) to Advance a Transparent Circular Supply Chain 5 Challenges and Opportunities in IoT and Policy Intervention 5.1 Lack of Awareness 5.2 Regulatory Challenges 5.3 Challenges in Sorting and Recycling Processes 5.4 Market and Financial Challenges 6 Conclusion References Dissolving Borders: Towards Integrated Territorial Approaches, from Smart Cities to Smart Regions Beyond the City Limits—Smart Suburban Regions in Austria 1 Introduction and Method 2 Findings 2.1 Differentiated Strategies 2.2 Cooperation Supported by Politics 2.3 Framework for Cooperation 2.4 Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up 2.5 Open Up “Hard” Cooperation Areas 2.6 Participation and Collaboration with Individuals 2.7 Professionalization and Management 2.8 Awareness Raising and Long-Term Development 3 Need for Action 3.1 Key Points for an Austrian Policy for Urban Regions and Agglomerations 3.2 Roadmap to Cooperation in Urban Regions 4 Conclusion References Rural Areas as an Opportunity for a New Development Path 1 Rural and More 2 Transformation and Spatial Shapes 3 Some Closing Remarks References The Impact of Action Planning on the Development of Peripheral Rural Villages: An Empirical Analysis of Rural Construction in Yanhe Village, China 1 Introduction 1.1 Cultivation of Social Capital as the Main Point of Rural Planning 1.2 Impact of Action Planning on Social Capital 2 Method 3 Results and Findings 3.1 The Main Contents and Methods of Yanhe Village Action Planning 3.2 The Cultivation of Rural Social Capital in Action Planning 4 Conclusion and Discussion References Sustainability of Cultural Diversity and the Failure of Cohesion Policy in the EU: The Case of Szeklerland 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Diversity Under Threat 4 The Example of Szeklerland—Failure of the EU’s Cohesion Policy 5 Safeguarding the Socioeconomic Cohesion of the EU Through Affirmative Action 6 Conclusions References Thriving Governance and Citizenship in a Smart World: Environments and Approaches Fostering Engagement and Collaborative Action Toward a Smart Urban Planning. The Co-production of Contemporary Citizenship in the Era of Digitalization 1 Introduction 2 Rethinking the Idea of Planning 3 Shaping Citizenship with Citizens: MUV Mediated Negotiations 3.1 Generating Mobility Data with citizens—The Co-creation of Values 3.2 Interpreting Facts—The Co-design of Meanings 3.3 Calling for Policy Actions—The Co-production of Conversations 4 Toward a Smart Urban Planning: Co-Producing Citizenship in the Era of Digitalization References Digital Technologies for Community Engagement in Decision-Making and Planning Process 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Digital Tools for Community Engagement 3.1 Digital Social Innovation 3.2 Good Practice 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Emerging Interpretation Models of Social and Institutional Innovation in the City. The Role of ‘Intermediate Places’ Between the USA and Italy 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Method 3 Innovation Centers as ‘intermediate Places’ 4 The Boston Case 4.1 Intermediate Key Places: District Hall and Roxbury Innovation Center 4.2 Key Players: Venture Café Foundation and MONUM 5 The Bologna Experience 5.1 Intermediate Key Places: Opificio Golinelli and COB Social Innovation 5.2 Key Players: Foundation for Urban Innovation 6 Lessons Learned and Final Remarks References Smart Creative Cities and Urban Regeneration Policy: Culture, Innovation, and Economy at Nexus. Learning from Lyon Metropolis 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Creative Industries, Clusters, and Cities in the Context of Urban Regeneration 4 Lyon Creative City 4.1 Lyon Gerland 4.2 Completing the Confluence to Redefine Lyon’s Image 5 Concluding Remarks References Analysis of National Research Programs to Boost Urban Challenges in Transnational Cooperation 1 Starting Point of the Analysis 1.1 Constraints of the Analysis 1.2 The Survey 2 Results 3 Conclusions References The Role of Stakeholders’ Risk Perception in Water Management Policies. A Case-Study Comparison in Southern Italy 1 Introduction 2 The Case Studies 2.1 The City of Brindisi 2.2 The Town of Margherita di Savoia 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collecting 3.2 Elicitation of the Stakeholders’ Risk Perception 3.3 Analysis and Comparison of Stakeholders’ Risk Perception 3.4 Scenario Development and Comparison 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Elicitation of Stakeholders’ Risk Perception 4.2 CI Comparison 4.3 Scenario Comparison 5 Conclusion References Devising a Socioeconomic Vulnerability Assessment Framework and Ensuring Community Participation for Disaster Risk Reduction: A Case-Study Post Kerala Floods of 2018 1 Introduction 1.1 Understanding Risk, Hazard and Vulnerability: In the Context of Disasters 1.2 Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and the Need for Socioeconomic Vulnerability Assessments 2 Methodology and Approach 2.1 Method Applied to Quantify Socioeconomic Vulnerability 3 Case Study: Implementation of the Proposed Approach 3.1 Macro-Level Study: The State and the District 3.2 Micro-level Analysis: The Local Self-government and the Community 4 Recommendations and Conclusion References Towards Sustainable and Inclusive Cities: Discrimination Against Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups—A Review of a Hidden Barrier to Sustainable Urbanization 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 The Sustainable Development Goals and SDG 11 3.1 Case Study No. 1: Discrimination Against Passengers with Special Needs 3.2 Case Study No. 2: Discrimination Related to the Right to Water and Sanitation 3.3 Case Study No. 3: The Environmental Discrimination against Ethnic Hungarian Minorities Living in the Carpathian Basin 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Tackling Energy Poverty Exposure and Vulnerability Toward Summer Energy Poverty in the City of Madrid: A Gender Perspective 1 Introduction 1.1 Summer Energy Poverty 1.2 The Feminization of Energy Poverty 2 Methodological Approach 2.1 Households Exposure to High Temperatures 2.2 Gender-Related Vulnerability of Households 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References The Ecobonus Incentive Scheme and Energy Poverty: Is Energy Efficiency for All? 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Behavioral Model for In-Home Displays Usage in Social Housing Districts 1 Introduction 2 Cognitive Biases and In-Home Displays 3 Theoretical Framework 3.1 Tenants’ Utility 3.2 Equilibrium Choice Without Cognitive Biases 3.3 The Role of Locus of Control and Present Bias 3.4 Equilibrium Choice with Cognitive Biases 3.5 Hypotheses 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Investigating the Role of Occupant Behavior in Design Energy Poverty Strategies. Insights from Energy Simulation Results 1 Introduction 1.1 The Italian Public Housing Stock 2 Methodology and Assumptions 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Basic Assumptions 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions and Policy Implications References Energy Retrofitting in Public Housing and Fuel Poverty Reduction: Cost–Benefit Trade-Offs 1 Introduction 2 Methodological Framework 3 Case Study 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Rural-Urban Relationships for a Better Territorial Development Rural–Urban Relationships for Better Territorial Development 1 Introduction 2 Session’s Main Addresses and Topics for Discussion 3 Discussion and Concluding Remarks References Multiscale Urban Analysis and Modelling for Local and Regional Decision-Makers 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Empirical Analysis 2.2 [Step 3]: Compress and Infiltrate Results of the Empirical Analysis into the Modelling Process 2.3 Multiscale Urban Modelling 2.4 [Step 4]: Build and Calibrate the Multiscale Urban Model 3 [Step 5]: Delineate Meaningful Future Development Trajectories 4 [Step 6]: Translate Scenarios into Modelling and Simulate Them with the Careful Integration of Existing Design Concepts in the Region 5 Interpreting Results and Formulating Recommendations [Step 7] 6 Conclusions and Outlook References Preference-Based Planning of Urban Green Spaces: A Latent-Class Clustering Approach 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Data 2.2 The Latent-Class Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Policy Implications 5 Conclusion References A Smart and Open-Source Framework for Cultural Landscape Policies 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Understanding the Cultural Landscape Concept 3.2 Determine the Relevance of Current Policies 3.3 Choosing the Open-Source Development Model 3.4 Understanding New Technologies for the Policymaking Process 3.5 Draft for a New Framework 4 Conclusion References