Small Things – Wide Horizons : Studies in Honour of Birgitta Hårdh

This publication honours Birgitta Hårdh on her 70th birthday. Birgitta Hårdh is one of the leading experts on European Viking Age, engaged in diverse research projects, and also a vital collaborator in various networks specializing in the period. Through time, Birgitta has extended her research to comprise other periods of the Iron Age. A feature common to all Birgitta Hårdh’s research is that she has been able, through analysis of a body of finds, to broaden the perspective, not least geographically through her profound knowledge of phenomena in Northern Europe and indeed all of Europe. Therefore, this book has been given the title Small Things – Wide Horizons. A total of fourty titles have been submitted to the volume. The presentations include a number of perspectives mainly of Iron Age. Themes as silver economy, coins, trinkets, burials, crafts, farms and fields, centrality and transformations give a view of the variation of contributions nationally and internationally. Table of Contents Part One - Silver: The background and the early history of the neck rings of the Glazov type (also called Permian) and the beginning of East-West connections in Early Medieval Northern Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries (Johan Callmer) The social weight of silver in the Islendingasogur and the Viking Age hoards (Fredrik Ekengren & Maria Domeij Lundborg) 100 Viking Age hoards of Bornholm: Status, challenges and perspectives (Gitte Tarnow Ingvardson & Finn Ole Sonne Nielsen) Hoards and sinuous snakes: Significance and meaning of ring ornaments in Early Viking Age hoards from Gotland (Christoph Kilger) At the end of the silver flow: Islamic dirhams in Sigtuna and the shrinking Viking network (Mats Roslund) Part Two - Coins: Viking-Age coins found in Sweden (Kenneth Jonsson) The earliest coin hoard of Lund (Jens Christian Moesgaard) Nicholas of St. Albans, Anketil and Alfvini-three Danish moneyers of English origin from the 12th and 13th centuries (Jorgen Steen Jensen) Three Crowns-Coin motive and (trans-)national symbol (Cecilia von Heijne) Part Three - Trinkets: Buttons as brooches (Morten Axboe) Hand rings (Torsten Capelle +) Gold in Guleboda: A Byzantine gold coin from southern Smaland (Martin Hansson) A little piece of silver from the Romele ridge area (Bertil Helgesson) Two brooch-knobs and a handful of thoughts (Karen Hoilund Nielsen) Notices on the Notitia: A comparison between heraldic insignia of late Roman military units as depicted in Notitia Dignitatum and certain patterns on Scandinavian Migration Period jewellery like wrist clasps and relief brooches (Jan Peder Lamm) Close to Asgard - between West and South (Lars Larsson) Shield-formed pendants and solar symbols of the Migration period (Bente Magnus) "Vikings in Bavaria" An unpublished spannbuckla from Munich and its history (Sonja Marzinzik & Michaela Helmbrecht) A female statement of power?: Some reflections on the Viking Age Yelets-brooch (Michael Neiss) A Hind to your Health! (Alexandra Pesch) Part Four - Burials: Small items and major conclusions: A discussion of the findings from Gullhogen, Old Uppsala (Birgit Arrhenius with contributions by Ingmar Jansson) Uncovering more Death: Some recent excavations of graves from the Early Iron Age in Scania (Tony Bjork) Vester Galsted - an inhumation grave at P. Frey's field (Per Ethelberg) Rune-stones and the localisation of graves Burial customs in the Conversion period (Anne-Sofie Graslund) Pidgirci (Western Ukraine) and Havor (Gotland, Sweden)-two grave finds connected with Byzantine Christianity (Michael Muller-Wille) Pot and amulet pendants in the early mediaeval grave 130 of Frankfurt-Harheim (Uta von Freeden) Part Five - Crafts: Production of Scandinavian-style sword hilts on the southern Baltic coast? A stray find, presumably dating to the Late Roman Iron Age, from Lubsow / Lubieszewo in Poland (Andreas Rau, Ruth Blankenfeldt & Jan Schuster) Joining threads - a discussion of the archaeology of the tacit (Ulla Isabel Zagal-Mach Wolfe) Part Six - Farms and fields: What did the Wells conceal? Hvissinge Vest - a Village from the Germanic Iron Age (Linda Boye) Medicinal herbs-useful and fatal: Early traces of medicinal plants in Europe (Ulla Lund Hansen) Part Seven - centrality: Small things and wide horizons from a Birka perspective (Bjorn Ambrosiani & Ingrid Gustin) Detecting Vester Kaerby: Problems associated with the interpretation of metal-detector finds from the plough soil (Mogens Bo Henriksen & Helle W. Horsnaes) Early medieval trading centres and transport systems between Dorestad, Ribe and Wolin: The latest results of the Priority Research Programme "Harbours from the Roman Iron Age to the Middle Ages" (Hauke Jons) Quedlinburg before the Ottonian kings: Approaches towards an early topography of power (Babette Ludowici) The relationship between Uppakra and Lund-a status update (Ing-Marie Nilsson) The Trelleborg constructors (Anders Odman) Part Eight - Transformations: From replica to relic-Gokstad goes abroad (Bodil Petersson) Monumental make over? Remains of a long dolmen close to the ship-setting Ale's stones. (Bengt Soderberg & Bjorn Wallebom) Vikings and the Western Frontier (Jes Wienberg) Part Nine - Dust: Dust to dust: A short story of no-thing and every-thing (Jarl Nordbladh) Birgitta Hardh-a Bibliography This publication honours Birgitta Hårdh on her 70th birthday. Birgitta Hårdh is one of the leading experts on European Viking Age, engaged in diverse research projects, and also a vital collaborator in various networks specializing in the period. Through time, Birgitta has extended her research to comprise other periods of the Iron Age. A feature common to all Birgitta Hårdh’s research is that she has been able, through analysis of a body of finds, to broaden the perspective, not least geographically through her profound knowledge of phenomena in Northern Europe and indeed all of Europe. Therefore, this book has been given the title Small Things – Wide Horizons. A total of fourty titles have been submitted to the volume. The presentations include a number of perspectives mainly of Iron Age. Themes as silver economy, coins, trinkets, burials, crafts, farms and fields, centrality and transformations give a view of the variation of contributions nationally and internationally. Cover 1 Birgitta Hårdh 4 Title Page 5 Copyright Page 6 Contents 7 Tabula Gratulatoria 9 Preface 11 silver 13 The background and the early history of the neck rings of the Glazov type (also called Permian) and the beginning of East-West connections in Early Medieval Northern Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries 15 Johan Callmer 15 The social weight of silver in the Íslendingasögur and the Viking Age hoards 22 Fredrik Ekengren & Maria Domeij Lundborg 22 100 Viking Age hoards of Bornholm 29 Status, challenges and perspectives 29 Gitte Tarnow Ingvardson & Finn Ole Sonne Nielsen 29 Hoards and sinuous snakes 37 Significance and meaning of ring ornaments in Early Viking Age hoards from Gotland 37 Christoph Kilger 37 At the end of the silver flow 45 Islamic dirhams in Sigtuna and the shrinking Viking network 45 Mats Roslund 45 coins 51 Viking Age coins found in Sweden 53 Kenneth Jonsson 53 The earliest coin hoard of Lund 60 Jens Christian Moesgaard 60 Nicholas of St. Albans, Anketil and Alfvini—three Danish moneyers of English origin from the 12th and 13th centuries 66 Jørgen Steen Jensen 66 Three Crowns—Coin motive and (trans-)national symbol 71 Cecilia von Heijne 71 trinkets 77 Buttons as brooches 79 Morten Axboe 79 Hand rings 84 Torsten Capelle † 84 Gold in Guleboda 88 A Byzantine gold coin from southern Småland 88 Martin Hansson 88 A little piece of silver from the Romele ridge area 93 Bertil Helgesson 93 Two brooch-knobs and a handful of thoughts 99 Karen Høilund Nielsen 99 Notices on the Notitia 106 A comparison between heraldic insignia of late Roman military units as depicted in Notitia Dignitatum and certain patterns on Scandinavian Migration Period jewellery like wrist clasps and relief brooches. 106 Jan Peder Lamm 106 Close to Asgard – between West and South 112 Lars Larsson 112 Shield-formed pendants and solar symbols of the Migration period 117 Bente Magnus 117 “Vikings in Bavaria” 123 An unpublished spännbuckla from Munich and its history 123 Sonja Marzinzik & Michaela Helmbrecht1 123 A female statement of power? 128 Some reflections on the Viking Age Yelets-brooch 128 Michael Neiß 128 A Hind to your Health! 134 Alexandra Pesch 134 burials 141 Small items and major conclusions 143 A discussion of the findings from Gullhögen, Old Uppsala 143 Birgit Arrhenius 143 with contributions by Ingmar Jansson 143 Uncovering more Death 152 Some recent excavations of graves from the Early Iron Age in Scania 152 By Tony Björk 152 Vester Galsted – an inhumation grave at P. Frey’s field 162 Per Ethelberg 162 Rune-stones and the localisation of graves 171 Burial customs in the Conversion period 171 Anne-Sofie Gräslund 171 Pidgirci (Western Ukraine) and Havor (Gotland, Sweden) —two grave finds connected with Byzantine Christianity 177 Michael Müller-Wille 177 Pot and amulet pendants in the early mediaeval grave 130 of Frankfurt-Harheim 184 Uta von Freeden 184 crafts 191 Production of Scandinavian-style sword hilts on the southern Baltic coast? 193 A stray find, presumably dating to the Late Roman Iron Age, from Lübsow / Lubieszewo in Poland 193 Andreas Rau, Ruth Blankenfeldt & Jan Schuster 193 Joining threads – a discussion of the archaeology of the tacit 201 Ulla Isabel Zagal-Mach Wolfe 201 farms and fields 211 What did the Wells conceal? 213 Hvissinge Vest – a Village from the Germanic Iron Age 213 Linda Boye 213 Medicinal herbs—useful and fatal 220 Early traces of medicinal plants in Europe 220 Ulla Lund Hansen 220 centrality 229 Small things and wide horizons from a Birka perspective 231 Björn Ambrosiani & Ingrid Gustin 231 Detecting Vester Kærby 239 Problems associated with the interpretation of metal-detector finds from the plough soil 239 Mogens Bo Henriksen & Helle W. Horsnæs 239 Early medieval trading centres and transport systems between Dorestad, Ribe and Wolin 247 The latest results of the Priority Research Programme “Harbours from the Roman Iron Age to the Middle Ages” 247 Hauke Jöns 247 Quedlinburg before the Ottonian kings 255 Approaches towards an early topography of power 255 Babette Ludowici 255 The relationship between Uppåkra and Lund—a status update 263 Ing-Marie Nilsson 263 The Trelleborg constructors 269 Anders Ödman 269 transformations 275 From replica to relic—Gokstad goes abroad 277 Bodil Petersson 277 Monumental make over? 283 Remains of a long dolmen close to the ship-setting Ale’s stones. 283 Bengt Söderberg & Björn Wallebom 283 Vikings and the Western Frontier 291 Jes Wienberg 291 dust 297 Dust to dust 299 A short story of no-thing and every-thing 299 Jarl Nordbladh 299 List of contributors 303 Birgitta Hårdh—a Bibliography 305 Viking Age,Iron Age,Birgitta Hårdh,economy,coins,trinkets,burials,crafts,farms,fields,centrality,transformations This publication honours Birgitta Hardh on her 70th birthday. Birgitta Hardh is one of the leading experts on European Viking Age, engaged in diverse research projects, and also a vital collaborator in various networks specializing in the period. Through time, Birgitta has extended her research to comprise other periods of the Iron Age. A feature common to all Birgitta Hardh's research is that she has been able, through analysis of a body of finds, to broaden the perspective, not least geographically through her profound knowledge of phenomena in Northern Europe and indeed all of Europe. Therefore, this book has been given the title Small Things - Wide Horizons. A total of fourty titles have been submitted to the volume. The presentations include a number of perspectives mainly of Iron Age. Themes as silver economy, coins, trinkets, burials, crafts, farms and fields, centrality and transformations give a view of the variation of contributions nationally and internationally