Small Electric Vehicles

The needs of different drivers can be accommodated in the plug-in electric vehicles (EVs or electric cars) currently available in the market in a manner similar to the conventional vehicles which had varied kinds of technology available to them. This book takes the readers through various aspects and various types of electric vehicles. This book sheds light on the several characteristics of electric vehicles, battery, flywheels, capacitors, electric fuel, electric vehicle modeling and design considerations. This book has been designed to suit the knowledge and pursuit of the researcher and scholars and to empower them with various aspects, application, future, and trends of electric vehicles, so that they are updated with the information. Cover Title Page Copyright ABOUT THE AUTHOR TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures List of Tables Glossary List of Abbreviations Preface Chapter 1 Introduction to Electric Vehicles 1.1. Introduction to Electric Vehicles 1.2. Types of Electric Vehicles 1.3. Electric Vehicles Outperform Gas-Powered Cars 1.4. Application in Microgrid 1.5. Maximizing Ress Utilization 1.6. Comparison of the LCC of the Different EV Model 1.7. Current Challenges and Problems in Electricity-Powered Vehicles 1.8. Energy Storage in Electric Vehicles 1.9. System Configuration and Drive Train Structure 1.10. Power Electronics 1.11. Advantages of Electric Vehicles 1.12. Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles 1.13. Overview of Different Life Cycle Cost Frameworks for Electric Vehicles 1.14. Conclusion References Chapter 2 Battery, Flywheels, and Supercapacitors 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Batteries 2.3. Battery Parameters 2.4. Use of Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles 2.5. Battery Modeling 2.6. Supercapacitors 2.7. Flywheels 2.8. Existing Applications of Flywheel Battery 2.9. Energy Management of The EV 2.10. Energy Storage Systems (ESSS) Requirements 2.11. Conclusion References Chapter 3 Modeling and Simulation for Electric Vehicle Applications 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Simulation In The Loop of Electric Vehicles 3.3. Status and Trend of Power Semiconductor Module Packaging for Electric Vehicles 3.4. Power Semiconductor Module in HEV/EV 3.5. Packaging Trend of HEV/EV Power Module 3.6. Passenger Exposure to Magnetic Fields in Electric Vehicles 3.7. Prevention Guidelines and Standards 3.8. State of the Art of Magnetic Gears (MGS), Their Design, and Characteristics With Respect to EV Application 3.9. Switched Reluctance Drives (SRD) with Degraded Mode for Electric Vehicles 3.10. State of the Art 3.11. Load Leveling Utilizing Electric Vehicles and Their Used Batteries 3.12. Conclusion References Chapter 4 Electric Fuel 4.1. Introduction 4.2. How Fuel Cells (FCS) Work? 4.3. Parts of a Fuel Cell (FC) 4.4. Hydrogen As a Fuel 4.5. Facts About Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (FCS) 4.6. Realizing the Hydrogen Economy 4.7. Conclusion References Chapter 5 Electric Vehicle Modeling and Design Consideration 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Vehicle Ownership and Annual Mileage Models 5.3. Modeling Annual Vehicle Use 5.4. Short-Period Models 5.5. Light Weighting Considerations Take Back Seat in Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Design 5.6. Why EV Battery Design is So Difficult? 5.7. Overcoming Systemic Design Challenges for Electric Vehicles 5.8. Conclusion References Chapter 6 New Applications of Electric Drives 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Electric Drive Application Background in Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVS) 6.3. Current Research Situation and New Challenges For Electric Drives in AFVS 6.4. Modeling and Control Strategy for Hybrid Electrical Vehicle 6.5. Fault Diagnosis of Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMS) in Electrified Vehicle Applications 6.6. Principle of SRM 6.7. Battery Management System (BMS) for Electric Drive Vehicles-Modeling, State Estimation and Balancing 6.8. Battery Modeling 6.9. Electric Drives for Propulsion System of Transport Aircraft 6.10. Hybrid-Electric and Universally-Electric Propulsion System Architecture 6.11. Enabling Technologies for Electric Drive Application to Transport Aircraft 6.12. Electric-Driven Zonal Hydraulics in Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) 6.13. Variable Frequency Drive Applications in HVAC Systems 6.14. VFD 6.15. VFD Applications 6.16. Conclusion References Chapter 7 Future of Electric Vehicles 7.1. Making Batteries Better 7.2. The Future is Electric 7.3. Plugging Into the Future: The Electric Vehicle Market Outlook 7.4. The Future of Mobility is at Our Doorstep 7.5. Considering the Future: Electric Vehicle Market Projections 7.6. What is the Future of Electric Cars in India? 7.7. Conclusion References Chapter 8 New Trends in Electric Powertrains 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Model-Based System Design for Electric Vehicle Conversion 8.3. Motion Dynamics Control of Electric Vehicles 8.4. Some Important Trends in Battery Technology Development 8.5. Adaptive Control for Estimating Insulation Resistance of High Voltage Battery System In Electric Vehicles 8.6. The Application of X-by-Wire Technology in Electric Vehicle in Braking and Steering 8.7. Some Important Trend in Engine of Electric Powertrain 8.8. Conclusion References Index Back Cover