Slow Cities : Conquering Our Speed Addiction for Health and Sustainability

__Slow Cities: Conquering Our Speed Addiction for Health and Sustainability__ demonstrates, counterintuitively, that reducing the speed of travel within cities saves time for residents and creates more sustainable, liveable, prosperous and healthy environments. This book examines the ways individuals and societies became dependent on transport modes that required investment in speed. Using research from multiple disciplinary perspectives, the book demonstrates ways in which human, economic and environmental health are improved with a slowing of city transport. It identifies effective methods, strategies and policies for decreasing the speed of motorised traffic and encouraging a modal shift to walking, cycling and public transport. This book also offers a holistic assessment of the impact of speed on daily behaviours and life choices, and shows how a move to slow down will - perhaps surprisingly - increase accessibility to the city services and activities that support healthy, sustainable lives and cities. Cover Slow Cities: Conquering our Speed Addiction for Health and Sustainability Copyright Dedication Foreword Preface Part I: Speed Chapter 1 - Introduction: changing cultures of speed Abstract 1.1 - Introduction: a faster route to health 1.2 - Holistic perspectives on slowing city transport 1.3 - Increasing speed: technological advances throughout history 1.4 - The growing cultural obsession with speed and time saving 1.5 - Motordom—constructing a culture of speed in the city 1.6 - New thinking, new thinkers 1.7 - The growing momentum towards ‘slower’ city transport 1.8 - The rise of slow movements 1.9 - Conclusion 1.10 - Preview of the book References Chapter 2 - The benefits of speed for individuals: real or illusory? Abstract 2.1 - Introduction 2.2 - A long history of valuing speed 2.3 - Problems with seeing speed as ‘valuable’ 2.4 - Speed, excitement and bodily pleasure 2.5 - The elusive excitement of speed 2.6 - Claimed advantages of faster transport for individuals and households 2.7 - Do individuals and households really benefit from faster transport? 2.8 - Conclusion References Chapter 3 - The benefits of speed for economy and society: challenging the dominant narrative Abstract 3.1 - Introduction 3.2 - Speed, industrialism and capitalism 3.2.1 - Is speed good for capitalism and economic growth? 3.2.2 - Downsides of capitalism and economic growth supported by speed 3.3 - Speed in visions of the modern city 3.3.1 - The celebration of speed in visions of the modern city 3.3.2 - Alternative visions for the modern city: the role of ‘slower’ modes 3.4 - Speed and time savings in transport modelling and planning 3.4.1 - Speed and time savings: the myth 3.4.2 - Debunking the time saving myth: how speed induces destinations to move further apart 3.5 - Conclusion References Chapter 4 - The ‘slow paradox’: how speed steals our time Abstract 4.1 - Introduction 4.2 - The quest for speed in the city 4.3 - The ‘slow paradox’ and effective speed 4.4 - Effective speeds of different modes 4.5 - The futility of increasing trip speeds 4.6 - Countering arguments against effective speed 4.7 - Increasing speeds, yet increased time pressure 4.8 - Slowing down to speed up in city traffic 4.9 - Travel time budgets: ‘slower cities’ spend less time travelling 4.10 - Other ways the ‘slower’ modes save time 4.11 - Conclusion References Part II: Health Chapter 5 - Keeping the doctor away: promoting human health through slower travel Abstract 5.1 - Introduction 5.2 - Promoting personal physical health through the ‘slower’ modes 5.2.1 - Introduction 5.2.2 - Physical activity and health 5.2.3 - Active travel as a beneficial form of physical activity Active travel Walking Cycling 5.3 - ‘Slower’ modes and personal mental health 5.3.1 - How can walking and cycling improve mental health? 5.3.2 - Mental health effects of transport choice by journey purpose The journey to work The journey to school Walking for social connection 5.4 - Incidental public health benefits of active travel 5.4.1 - Reduction in the frequency and severity of crashes 5.4.2 - Reduction in pollution and greenhouse gas emissions 5.4.3 - Enhancing social capital 5.4.4 - Increasing accessibility for the transport deprived The economically disadvantaged People with a disability Older people Younger people Women Transport deprivation: an overview 5.5 - Conclusion References Chapter 6 - Advancing environmental health in future ‘slow cities’ Abstract 6.1 - Introduction 6.2 - Holistic assessments of speed’s impact on environmental health 6.3 - Energy consumption 6.4 - Pollution 6.4.1 - Introduction 6.4.2 - Air pollution 6.4.3 - Noise pollution 6.4.4 - Water consumption, pollution and waste disposal 6.5 - Greenhouse gas levels 6.6 - Consumption of space in the transport system 6.7 - Sprawl: the link with speed 6.8 - Rebound impacts 6.9 - Conclusion References Chapter 7 - Slower, richer, fairer: better economic health in ‘slow cities’ Abstract 7.1 - Introduction 7.2 - Economic health of individuals and families in the ‘slow city’ 7.2.1 - Introduction 7.2.2 - Lower transport costs in the ‘slow city’ 7.2.3 - Lower medical costs in the ‘slow city’ 7.2.4 - Contrasts in home equity between ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ cities 7.2.5 - Gentrification as a potential disbenefit for economically disadvantaged people in the ‘slow city’ 7.3 - Economic health of businesses in the ‘slow city’ 7.3.1 - Introduction 7.3.2 - Benefits of the ‘slow city’ for retailers 7.3.3 - Enhanced commercial property values in the ‘slow city’ 7.3.4 - Boosting the knowledge economy through walkability 7.3.5 - Summary of business impacts of ‘slow cities’ 7.4 - Governance: the economic health of ‘slow cities’ 7.4.1 - Introduction 7.4.2 - Reduced transport externalities Introduction Crashes Parking Traffic congestion Roadway land and facility external costs Barrier and severance effects on active travel users Summary 7.5 - Pathways to slower cities in the Global South 7.6 - Conclusion References Part III: Strategies Chapter 8 - Hit the brakes: slowing existing motorised traffic Abstract 8.1 - Introduction 8.2 - What interventions? 8.3 - Lower posted speed limits 8.4 - Speed enforcement measures and techniques 8.5 - Physical traffic calming 8.6 - Lower speed limits alone compared with a combination of signs and calming 8.7 - The woonerf and the home zone 8.8 - Play streets and school streets 8.9 - Shared streets and psychological traffic calming 8.10 - Self-explaining roads 8.11 The ‘safe systems approach’ and Vision Zero 8.11.1 - Introduction 8.11.2 - What is the safe systems approach? 8.11.3 - Vision Zero: achievements and challenges 8.12 - Safer vehicles and safer roads through technology: the allure of autonomous vehicles 8.13 - Conclusion References Chapter 9 - Slow modes, slow design, slow spaces: new goals for traffic management and planning Abstract 9.1 - Introduction 9.2 - Land use and street organisation in the ‘slower city’ 9.2.1 - Relationships between land use and traffic 9.2.2 - Land use and street organisation in the ‘slower city’: seven Ds and a P Introduction Density Diversity Design (intersection density) Destination accessibility Distance to public transport Demand management Distribution of employment Placemaking 9.2.3 - Zoning for a ‘slower city’ 9.3 - Traffic management approaches to slowing the city 9.3.1 - Introduction 9.3.2 - Promote and encourage cycling 9.3.3 - Promote and encourage walking 9.3.4 - Micromobility devices 9.3.5 - Promote and encourage public transport 9.4 Restrictions on road capacity for motorised vehicles 9.4.1 - Introduction 9.4.2 - Reclaiming space for walking and cycling 9.4.3 - Creating plazas from street space 9.4.4 - Redesigning and activating streets to encourage public transport 9.4.5 - Narrowing motorised travel lanes 9.4.6 - Developing ‘complete streets’ 9.4.7 - Providing spaces reserved for people on foot 9.4.8 - Area-wide motorised traffic restrictions 9.4.9 - Filtered permeability 9.4.10 - Removing roads 9.4.11 - Summary 9.5 - The future impact of autonomous vehicles on land use planning and traffic management 9.6 - Conclusion References Chapter 10 - A new vision for the city: transforming behaviours, values and cultures Abstract 10.1 - Introduction: demand management as a critical element of policy for ‘slow cities’ 10.2 - Voluntary transportation demand management 10.2.1 - Introduction 10.2.2 - Voluntary travel behaviour change 10.2.3 - Social marketing 10.2.4 - Critical views of behaviour change and social marketing 10.3 - Physical, operational, financial/pricing and organisational TDM approaches 10.3.1 - Introduction 10.3.2 - Physical TDM interventions 10.3.3 - Operational TDM interventions 10.3.4 - Financial/pricing TDM interventions 10.3.5 - Organisational TDM interventions 10.3.6 - The need for both carrots and sticks in the integration of TDM strategies 10.4 - Transforming cultural values and institutional frameworks 10.4.1 - Introduction 10.4.2 - Vision and leadership at the city level 10.4.3 - Knowledge 10.4.4 - Professional skills 10.4.5 - Resources 10.4.6 - Policies, strategies and community interventions 10.4.7 - Cooperation and partnerships 10.4.8 - Summary 10.5 - Conclusion References Chapter 11 - Conclusion: re-imagining the city for a healthier future Abstract 11.1 - Introduction 11.2 - A child-friendly vision for a future ‘slow city’ 11.3 - The child-friendly transport modes 11.4 - Children’s playful exploration in a child-friendly city 11.5 - Reducing children’s vulnerability by slowing the city 11.6 - Involving children in the creation of ‘slow cities’ 11.7 - The role of slowing transport in responding to global challenges 11.8 - Cognitive dissonance surrounding the disadvantages of speed 11.9 - Re-imagining opportunities for achieving the ‘slow city’ 11.9.1 - Re-imagining goals 11.9.2 - Re-imagining attitudes 11.9.3 - Re-imagining outcomes 11.10 - Conclusion: a ‘Manifesto for 21st Century Slow Cities’ References Afterword Index Back Cover Slow Cities: Conquering Our Speed Addiction for Health and Sustainability demonstrates, counterintuitively, that reducing the speed of travel within cities saves time for residents and creates more sustainable, liveable, prosperous and healthy environments. This book examines the ways individuals and societies became dependent on transport modes that required investment in speed. Using research from multiple disciplinary perspectives, the book demonstrates ways in which human, economic and environmental health are improved with a slowing of city transport. It identifies effective methods, strategies and policies for decreasing the speed of motorised traffic and encouraging a modal shift to walking, cycling and public transport. This book also offers a holistic assessment of the impact of speed on daily behaviours and life choices, and shows how a move to slow down will - perhaps surprisingly - increase accessibility to the city services and activities that support healthy, sustainable lives and cities.Includes cases from cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and AustralasiaUses evidence-based research to support arguments about the benefits of slowing city transportAdopts a broad view of health, including the health of individuals, neighbourhoods and communities as well as economic health and environmental healthIncludes text boxes, diagrams and photos illustrating the slowing of transport in cities throughout the world, and a list of references including both academic sources and valuable websites Slow Cities Counterintuitively Demonstrates That By Reducing The Speed Of Travel Within Cities, Residents Save Time And Create A More Sustainable, Livable And Healthy City. Utilizing Research From Multiple Disciplinary Perspectives, It Identifies Effective Methods, Strategies And Policies For Decreasing The Speed Of Motorized Traffic And How To Move Towards A Transport Modal Shift To Walking, Cycling And Public Transit. The Book Offers A Holistic Assessment Of The Impact Of Speed On Daily Behavior And Life Choices, Examining Speed's Impact On The Interaction Between Transport And Land Use, Housing Density, And The Distribution Of City Commerce, Services And Schools. Includes Cases From Cities Throughout The Us, Europe, Asia, Africa And Australasia Utilizes Evidence-based Research Accessibility Written For Interdisciplinary Learning Adopts A Broad View Of Health, Including The Health Of Individuals, Neighborhoods And Communities, As Well As Economic Health And Environmental Health Of Cities Provides Learning Aids Such As Chapter Objectives, End-of-chapter Discussion Questions, Text Boxes, List Of Valuable Websites, And An Annotated Bibliography "Slow Cities counterintuitively demonstrates that by reducing the speed of travel within cities, residents save time and create a more sustainable, livable and healthy city. Utilizing research from multiple disciplinary perspectives, it identifies effective methods, strategies and policies for decreasing the speed of motorized traffic and how to move towards a transport modal shift to walking, cycling and public transit. The book offers a holistic assessment of the impact of speed on daily behavior and life choices, examining speed's impact on the interaction between transport and land use, housing density, and the distribution of city commerce, services and schools."-- Provided by publisher Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Speed -- Chapter 1: Introduction: changing cultures of speed -- Abstract -- 1.1. Introduction: a faster route to health -- 1.2. Holistic perspectives on slowing city transport -- 1.3. Increasing speed: technological advances throughout history -- 1.4. The growing cultural obsession with speed and time saving -- 1.5. Motordom-constructing a culture of speed in the city -- 1.6. New thinking, new thinkers -- 1.7. The growing momentum towards 'slower' city transport