Slav Outposts in Central European History : The Wends, Sorbs and Kashubs

While many think of European history in terms of the major states that today make up the map of Europe, this approach tends to overlook submerged nations like the Wends, the westernmost Slavs who once inhabited the lands which later became East Germany and Western Poland. This book examines the decline and gradual erosion of the Wends from the time when they occupied all the land between the River Elbe and the River Vistula around 800 AD to the present, where they still survive in tiny enclaves south of Berlin (the Wends and Sorbs) and west of Danzig (the Kashubs). __Slav Outposts in Central European History__ - which also includes numerous images and maps - puts the story of the Wends, the Sorbs and the Kashubs in a wider European context in order to further sophisticate our understanding of how ethnic groups, societies, confessions and states have flourished or floundered in the region. It is an important book for all students and scholars of central European history and the history of European peoples and states more generally. Slav Outposts in Central European History: The Wends, Sorbs and Kashubs 4 Contents 6 List of Illustrations 7 List of Maps 9 Acknowledgements 10 Introduction 12 Wends, Sorbs, and Kashubs 12 Trans-Elbia 13 Before the Wends 13 1 Subjugation 800–1200 16 The Frankish Empire 16 Names of Wendish tribes 17 Eighth century 19 Ninth century 20 The Limes Sorabicus 21 Louis the Pious (r. 814–840) 22 Sorbs in the ninth century 23 The Saxon kings – Heinrich I (r. 919–936) 24 Otto I the Great (936–973) 26 The church 27 The Archbishopric of Magdeburg (962/968) 30 Otto II (973–983): The Lutizi federation 30 Eleventh century: Thietmar of Merseburg (975–1018) 32 Heinrich II (1002–1024) 33 Wars of Konrad II (r. 1024–1039) against the Lutizi 36 The empire of the Obodriti: Decline of the Lutizi federation 37 The Wendish rebellion of 1066 38 The Magdeburg appeal (1108) 40 Duke Lothar von Supplinburg 41 Pribislaw-Heinrich (c. 1075–1150) 42 Emperor Lothar III von Supplinburg (1125–1137) 43 Emperor Konrad III (r. 1138–1152) 44 Pomerania 45 The Wendish Crusade of 1147 46 After the crusade 48 German settlers between Saale and Oder 52 Wendish language 54 2 Coexistence and Erosion 1200–1500 56 Survival 56 The Sachsenspiegel 59 Wendish banned ‘on pain of death’? 63 Bans (i): Anhalt 1293 64 Bans (ii): Anhalt, Leipzig, Zwickau, Altenburg 1327 (1329) 65 Bans (iii): Meissen 1424? 66 Union of Wendish towns 67 The fourteenth century 67 The Kietz 69 Exclusion from guilds 71 Upper and Lower Lusatia: Nomenclature 72 The Six-Town Union 73 Budissin revolt of 1405 74 The Hussites 75 Peter Preischwitz 77 The church before the Reformation 78 Pomerania – Pomerelia – Cassubia 80 Place names (toponyms) 81 Personal names (anthroponyms) 84 3 Reformation 1500–1600 86 Town and country 86 Maps 92 Reformation 93 Luther’s testimony 101 Reform in Budissin and Radibor 102 The Sequestration (1547) 104 Feudal order and peasant revolts 106 Writing in Wendish 108 Albin Moller (1541–1618) 110 Wenceslaus Warichius (1564–1618) 113 Wends writing in Latin 115 Where Wendish met Polish 119 Pomerania 121 Pomeranian Wendish in writing 127 Wends in Royal Prussia 130 The last Wends in Mecklenburg (1521) 133 The Duchy of Lüneburg and western Brandenburg 134 4 Confessions 1600–1700 138 The Thirty Years’ War 138 The defenestration 138 Upper Lusatian participation 139 The Peace of Prague (1635) 143 Confessional conflict in Wittichenau 145 Confessional conflict in Radibor 146 Brandenburg 149 A Wendish composer – Johann Crüger 149 Wends at the University of Frankfurt/Oder 150 Calvinism 152 Lower Lusatia (Saxony) 156 Calau 156 Forbidden to preach in German: Leuthen 160 Upper Lusatia (Protestants) 163 Michael Frentzel and censorship 163 Postwitzscher Tauff-Stein (1688) 167 The Prätorius committee 168 Abraham Frentzel (1656–1740) 170 Upper Lusatia (Catholics) 174 Jakub Xavier Ticin (1656–1693) 174 Georg Franz Sende (1652–1706) 176 The Gospels and Catechism for Catholics 177 Jurij Hawštyn Swětlik (1650–1729) 179 Pomerania 180 The Thirty Years’ War 180 Polish or Wendish 183 Michał Pontanus (Mostnik/Brückmann) 184 Royal Prussia 186 Lüneburg 187 West of the Elbe 187 5 From Pietism to Enlightenment 1700–1800 194 Upper Lusatia 194 The Moravian Brethren 194 The Leipzig Students’ Society 196 The Prague Wendish Seminary 198 The 1710 hymnal 199 Robert Hales 201 The 1728 Bible 202 Wendish soldiers 202 Nathanael Gotfried Leske (1751–1786) 204 A peasant writer: Hanso Nepila (1766–1856) 206 Saxon Lower Lusatia 210 Leuthen 210 The Cottbus Circle 212 A New Testament for the Wends of Lower Lusatia (1709) 212 Rebellion (1715–1717) 215 The new church at Burg 220 Fritze’s Old Testament (1796) 221 Pomerania 224 Dreger, Bernoulli, Brüggemann, and Haken 224 Lüneburg 227 Christian Hennig von Jessen 227 Johann Parum Schultze 227 The king of England and the Hanover Wends 229 A Polabian folk song 231 6 Awakening 1800–1900 234 Napoleon 234 ‘A deeply decayed language’ 236 Literature and the Wendish press 239 Wendish song festivals (1845) 240 Old Lutherans 241 Students’ societies 243 Florian Ceynowa (1817–1881) 244 Slovincians 247 The Maćica Serbska 249 1848: The springtime of nations 250 Johann Miertsching 252 Panslavs versus conservatives 255 The Second Reich 260 The ‘Young Wends’ 262 Emigration to Australia 266 Emigration to Texas 268 Wendish domestic servants 270 Wendish church services in Dresden and Berlin 273 The Lüneburg Wendland 275 7 Self-Determination 1900–1945 278 The Wendish House 278 Lusatia – Panslavism and politics 278 Domowina (1912) 280 World war – an Easter truce (1915) 282 Casualties 283 November 1918: The Wendish National Committee 284 Bryl and Bart in Paris (1919) 286 The Bautzen trial 290 The minorities clause 292 Bart’s arrest 295 Young Kashubs (Młodokaszubi) 297 The Kashubs at the Peace Conference (1919) 299 Kashubs in the Second Polish Commonwealth 301 Lusatian Wends in the Weimar Republic and Third Reich 304 The banning of the Domowina 305 Wendish support for Nazis 311 Wendish resistance 312 Wendish martyrs 315 Slav place names Germanized 317 Meanwhile in Australia and Texas 319 The Lutheran Church under the Nazis 319 Expulsion of Catholic priests 321 8 From Liberation to European Union 1945–1990 324 The liberation 324 Revival 327 Pawoł Cyž 331 Taming the Domowina 331 The end of the National Council 333 Saxon Law for the Protection of Sorbian Rights (1948) 334 Yugoslav support 336 The Domowina in Lower Lusatia 338 Place names 342 Wójćech Kóčka 343 Sorbian schools 344 State support for Sorbian culture 346 Press freedom and the Stasi 347 Demolition 349 The Kashubs in People’s Poland (PRL) 351 The last of the Slovincians 353 After 1990: Reconstruction 354 After 1990: Taking stock 356 Kashubs in the Third Polish Commonwealth 358 Social mobility – political prominence 360 Not the last chapter 361 Sources 363 Index 384 While Many Think Of European History In Terms Of The Major States That Today Make Up The Map Of Europe, This Approach Tends To Overlook Submerged Nations Like The Wends, The Westernmost Slavs Who Once Inhabited The Lands Which Later Became East Germany And Western Poland. This Book Examines The Decline And Gradual Erosion Of The Wends From The Time When They Occupied All The Land Between The River Elbe And The River Vistula Around 800 Ad To The Present, Where They Still Survive In Tiny Enclaves South Of Berlin (the Wends And Sorbs) And West Of Danzig (the Kashubs). Slav Outposts In Central European History--which Also Includes Numerous Images And Maps--puts The Story Of The Wends, The Sorbs And The Kashubs In A Wider European Context In Order To Further Sophisticate Our Understanding Of How Ethnic Groups, Societies, Confessions And States Have Flourished Or Floundered In The Region. It Is An Important Book For All Students And Scholars Of Central European History And The History Of European Peoples And States More Generally--from Publisher's Website. Subjugation, 800-1200 -- Co-existence And Erosion, 1200-1500 -- Reformation, 1500-1600 -- Confessions, 1600-1700 -- From Pietism To Enlightenment, 1700-1800 -- Awakening, 1800-1900 -- Self-determination, 1900-1945 -- From Liberation To European Union, 1945-1990. Gerald Stone. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "While many think of European history in terms of the major states that today make up the map of Europe, this approach tends to overlook submerged nations like the Wends, the westernmost Slavs who once inhabited the lands which later became East Germany and Western Poland. This book examines the decline and gradual erosion of the Wends from the time when they occupied all the land between the River Elbe and the River Vistula around 800 AD to the present, where they still survive in tiny enclaves south of Berlin (the Wends and Sorbs) and west of Danzig (the Kashubs). Slav Outposts in Central European History ... which also includes numerous images and maps ... puts the story of the Wends, the Sorbs and the Kashubs in a wider European context in order to further sophisticate our understanding of how ethnic groups, societies, confessions and states have flourished or floundered in the region. It is an important book for all students and scholars of central European history and the history of European peoples and states more generally" ... From publisher's website La 4e de couverture indique : "While many think of European history in terms of the major states that today make up the map of Europe, this approach tends to overlook submerged nations like the Wends, the westernmost Slavs who once inhabited the lands which later became East Germany and Western Poland. This book examines the decline and gradual erosion of the Wends from the time when they occupied all the land between the River Elbe and the River Vistula around 800 AD to the present, where they still survive in tiny enclaves south of Berlin (the Wends and Sorbs) and west of Danzig (the Kashubs). Slav Outposts in Central European History--which also includes numerous images and maps--puts the story of the Wends, the Sorbs and the Kashubs in a wider European context in order to further sophisticate our understanding of how ethnic groups, societies, confessions and states have flourished or floundered in the region. It is an important book for all students and scholars of central European history and the history of European peoples and states more generally." "While many think of European history in terms of the major states that today make up the map of Europe, this approach tends to overlook submerged nations like the Wends, the westernmost Slavs who once inhabited the lands which later became East Germany and Western Poland. This book examines the decline and gradual erosion of the Wends from the time when they occupied all the land between the River Elbe and the River Vistula around 800 AD to the present, where they still survive in tiny enclaves south of Berlin (the Wends and Sorbs) and west of Danzig (the Kashubs). Slav Outposts in Central European History--which also includes numerous images and maps--puts the story of the Wends, the Sorbs and the Kashubs in a wider European context in order to further sophisticate our understanding of how ethnic groups, societies, confessions and states have flourished or floundered in the region. It is an important book for all students and scholars of central European history and the history of European peoples and states more generally."--Bloomsbury Publishing. Cover -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Maps -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 Subjugation 800-1200 -- 2 Coexistence and Erosion 1200-1500 -- 3 Reformation 1500-1600 -- 4 Confessions 1600-1700 -- 5 From Pietism to Enlightenment 1700-1800 -- 6 Awakening 1800-1900 -- 7 Self-Determination 1900-1945 -- 8 From Liberation to European Union 1945-1990 -- Sources -- Index