Skin Cleansing with Synthetic Detergents: Chemical, Ecological, and Clinical Aspects (Griesbach Konferenz / Griesbach Conference)

Over the last 35 years, synthetic detergents have become increasingly important as skin cleansing agents. With the vast range of soaps and synthetic cleansers available nowadays, doctors and pharmacists are expectedto advise on how to cleanse normal as well as diseased skins. Sound advice must include knowledge of the nature, composition, and action of the available surfactants and cleanser preparations, the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin surface, the microbial ecology ofthe skin, and the factors that control the skin flora. Much of this knowledge is the result of recent research. Health care professionals must be familiar, not only with the benefits, but also with the possible adverse effects of synthetic detergents on the human skin (roughness, water loss, etc.) and on the environment. This monograph draws upon the expertise of numerous scientists to present a comprehensive view of the subject. Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 From Soap Avoidance to Skin Cleansing with Synthetic Detergents — Moving into the Clinical Dimension....Pages 3-8 Front Matter....Pages 9-9 Synthetic Detergents — Syndets — the Concept....Pages 11-14 Soap — Chemical Constituents....Pages 15-19 Synthetic Cleansers — Chemical Constituents....Pages 20-26 Composition of Commercial Synthetic Skin Cleansers....Pages 27-34 The Use of Synthetic Detergents in Oral Hygiene Products — Effects on the Gingiva....Pages 35-39 Front Matter....Pages 41-41 The Physics of pH and Surface pH Measurement....Pages 43-52 Determination of Skin Surface pH in Healthy Subjects Methods and Results of Clinical Studies....Pages 53-61 Skin Surface pH in the Population at Large Measured Data and Correlation with Other Parameters....Pages 62-71 Front Matter....Pages 73-73 Principles of Bacterial Ecology....Pages 75-82 Composition of the Skin Flora....Pages 83-86 Marchionini’s Acid Mantle Concept and the Effect on the Skin Resident Flora of Washing with Skin Cleansing Agents of Different pH....Pages 87-96 In-Vitro Control of the Growth of Important Bacteria of the Resident Skin Flora by Changes in pH....Pages 97-105 Front Matter....Pages 107-107 Structure of Human Skin, and Influence of Environmental Factors Such as pH on the Growth of Keratinocytes — Results of Cell Culture Experiments....Pages 109-115 Skin Roughness — Measuring Methods and Dependence on Washing Procedure....Pages 116-129 Skin Hydration (Transepidermal Water Loss) — Measuring Methods and Dependence on Washing Procedure....Pages 130-139 Front Matter....Pages 141-141 Cleansing Action of Synthetic Detergents Methodology of Determination....Pages 143-153 Clinical Assessment of Synthetic Detergent Cleansers in Subjects with Problem Skin....Pages 154-159 Adjuvant Treatment with Synthetic Detergent Preparations in Atopic Dermatitis....Pages 160-163 The Use of Synthetic Skin Cleansers in Neonates and Infants....Pages 164-170 Front Matter....Pages 171-171 Allergological Evaluation of Synthetic Skin Cleansers....Pages 173-180 Factors Involved in the Irritancy Testing of Synthetic Cleanser Constituents....Pages 181-190 Front Matter....Pages 191-191 Biopharmaceutical Aspects of Synthetic Detergent Skin Cleansers....Pages 193-202 Quality Control of Synthetic Detergent Cleansers....Pages 203-208 Environmental Aspects of Synthetic Detergent Preparations....Pages 209-216 Front Matter....Pages 217-217 The Use of Synthetic Detergent Skin Cleansers — The Cosmetic Chemists’s View....Pages 219-222 The Use of Synthetic Detergent Skin Cleansers — The Community Pharmacist’s View....Pages 223-224 The Use of Synthetic Detergent Skin Cleansers — The General Practitioner’s View....Pages 225-228 The Use of Synthetic Detergent Skin Cleansers — The Consultant Dermatologist’s View....Pages 229-234