Skeletal Trauma in Children, 4th Edition : Expert Consult: Online and Print

Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of pediatric orthopaedic trauma experts! This companion to Browner et al.: Skeletal Trauma, 4th Edition presents practical, focused guidance on managing traumatic musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents. It emphasizes the unique aspects of children's fractures in terms of epidemiology, mechanisms, management, and the challenges of treating the skeletally immature patient. State-of-the-art coverage explores growth and development, pathology, complications, child abuse, sports medicine...and almost every possible break from head to toe. A new chapter on sports-related trauma helps you to manage these increasingly prevalent injuries. And, a new, full-color page layout makes it easier to locate the answers you need quickly.Complete, absolutely current coverage of relevant anatomy and biomechanics . mechanisms of injury . diagnostic approaches . treatment options . and associated complications equip you to confidently approach every form of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma.Internationally recognized contributors include pediatric orthopaedists with trauma expertise as well as specialists in orthopaedic traumatology, providing expert guidance from the most trusted authorities in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma care.A unique emphasis on outcomes assessment in children's fractures helps you make the most valid clinical decisions.Over 800 high-quality line drawings, diagnostic images, and full-color clinical photos show you what to look for and how to proceed.An emphasis on problem-focused clinical judgment and state-of-the art treatment options assists you in making the best use of the newest techniques.A new chapter on sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents helps you to manage the growing incidence of trauma resulting from recreational and team sports injuries.An all-new, more user-friendly full-color text design enables you to find answers more quickly, and more efficiently review the key steps of each operative technique. Frontmatter......Page 1 Contributors......Page 3 Preface to the First Edition......Page 6 Preface to the Fourth Edition......Page 7 Acknowledgments......Page 8 History, Diagnosis, and Injury Mechanisms......Page 9 Endochondral Ossification......Page 11 Regulation of Growth and Development......Page 12 Inflammatory Phase......Page 13 Remodeling Phase......Page 14 Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Fracture Healing......Page 15 Growth Arrest Lines or Growth Slowdown Lines......Page 16 Complications of Fractures in Children Other than Physeal Arrest......Page 17 Anatomic Differences of Pediatric Bones......Page 18 Classification of Children's Fractures......Page 20 Complete Fractures......Page 21 Physeal Fractures......Page 22 References......Page 24 Relevant Basic Science......Page 27 Forms of Abuse and Neglect......Page 28 Associated Injuries......Page 29 Overview......Page 93 Mechanisms of Injury......Page 159 Treatment......Page 32 Gas Gangrene......Page 94 Treatment of Salter-Harris Fractures......Page 33 Plain Radiographs, Thoracolumbar Spine......Page 36 Thermal Injuries......Page 39 Pediatric Trauma Centers......Page 73 Partial Growth Arrest......Page 40 Cricothyroidotomy......Page 74 Initial Investigations......Page 41 Further Imaging......Page 42 Partial growth arrest......Page 43 Distal Radial Physis......Page 44 Apophyseal Injuries......Page 45 References......Page 47 Bone Physiology......Page 49 Outcome Triangle......Page 50 Outcome, Part I-Bone Biology......Page 51 Outcome, Part II-Pathology......Page 53 Initial Evaluation and Transport......Page 320 Traction and Cast Application......Page 429 References......Page 63 Anatomic Differences......Page 65 Biomechanical Differences......Page 66 Mechanism of Injury......Page 67 Associated Injuries......Page 68 Resolution of Soft Tissues......Page 592 Open reduction and Internal Fixation......Page 171 Pelvic Fractures......Page 69 Trauma Scoring Systems......Page 70 Skeletal Traction......Page 71 Cervical......Page 72 Timing......Page 369 Gastric Distention......Page 75 Hemorrhage......Page 76 Vitamin A Intoxication......Page 77 Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries......Page 78 Chest Injuries......Page 79 Abdominal Injuries......Page 80 Extremity Injuries......Page 81 Fracture Management of a Multiply Injured Child......Page 82 Epiphyseal Fractures......Page 84 Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation......Page 85 Open Fractures......Page 86 Physical Therapy......Page 87 Education......Page 88 References......Page 89 Anatomy......Page 92 Anatomy of the Skeletally Immature Joint and Ligaments......Page 639 Irrigation and Deacutebridement......Page 95 Hip Spica Casting......Page 409 Amputation......Page 98 Evolution of Treatment......Page 101 Operative Methods......Page 102 Plates......Page 104 Rigid Intramedullary Nailing......Page 293 Anatomy......Page 105 Developmental Anatomy......Page 294 Diagnosis......Page 442 Traumatic Amputations......Page 110 References......Page 111 Arterial Injuries......Page 114 Vascular Injuries Associated with Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus......Page 116 History of Injury......Page 588 Fat Embolism......Page 118 Ectopic Bone Formation......Page 119 Consequences of Injury:......Page 120 Incidence......Page 121 Synostosis (Cross Union)......Page 125 Late Angulation......Page 126 Injury To the Triradiate Cartilage......Page 127 Physical Examination:......Page 474 Physeal Fractures......Page 128 Treatment......Page 645 Nonunion......Page 133 Refracture......Page 135 Ligamentous Instability......Page 136 Nerve Injuries......Page 137 Current Algorithm......Page 138 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy......Page 139 Demographics and Causes of Injury......Page 150 Clinical Outcomes......Page 151 Catalogue of Physical Function Scales......Page 152 Measurement Development and Evaluation......Page 158 References......Page 160 Diagnosis......Page 165 Historical Perspective......Page 587 Partial (Greenstick) Fractures......Page 166 Treatment......Page 167 Neurologic Examination......Page 322 Closed Reduction......Page 169 Rehabilitation......Page 172 Elbow Injuries......Page 644 Author's Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 173 Interosseous Membrane......Page 174 Periosteum......Page 175 Proximal Third......Page 176 Complications and Unexpected Outcomes......Page 419 Posterolateral (Boyd's) Approach to the Proximal Radius and Ulna......Page 178 Technique of Forearm Compartment Release......Page 180 Classification......Page 183 Diaphyseal Fractures of the Forearm......Page 184 Closed Reduction, Cast Immobilization......Page 185 Intramedullary Fixation......Page 186 Monteggia's Fracture-Dislocations......Page 188 Galeazzi's Fracture-Dislocations......Page 190 Mechanism of Injury......Page 452 Physeal Fractures......Page 192 Scaphoid Fractures......Page 194 Distal Phalangeal Injuries......Page 197 Phalangeal Neck Fractures......Page 198 Intra-articular Fractures......Page 199 Dislocations......Page 201 Soft Tissue Injuries to Tendons, Nerves, and Blood Vessels......Page 202 Acknowledgments......Page 203 Vascular Anatomy......Page 212 Physical Examination......Page 403 Supracondylar Fracture......Page 215 History:......Page 217 Technique......Page 410 Radiographic Evaluation......Page 219 Type II Fracture......Page 220 Author's Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 437 Treatment......Page 222 Technique......Page 373 Skeletal Traction......Page 223 Closed Reduction and Cast Treatment......Page 224 Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning......Page 225 Dislocation of the Ankle Joint......Page 531 Technique......Page 228 Technique......Page 230 Vascular Compromise......Page 235 Neurologic Injury......Page 237 Cubitus Varus......Page 238 Author ́s Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 240 Flexion-Type Supracondylar Fracture......Page 241 Diagnosis......Page 242 Follow-up Care and Rehabilitation......Page 481 Treatment......Page 244 Treatment......Page 247 Tarsometatarsal Fractures......Page 552 Delayed Open Reduction......Page 250 Nonunion and Cubitus Valgus......Page 252 Diagnosis......Page 255 Treatment......Page 259 Authors ́ Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 260 Complications......Page 377 Natural History......Page 660 Mechanisms of Injury......Page 262 Classification......Page 264 Management......Page 265 Classification......Page 268 Classification......Page 270 Treatment......Page 271 Neurologic Injury......Page 273 Recurrent Dislocation......Page 276 Differentiation from Congenital Dislocation of the Radius......Page 277 Management......Page 279 References......Page 281 Neurovascular Anatomy......Page 288 Treatment......Page 289 Mechanism and Diagnosis......Page 290 Treatment Options......Page 291 Epiphyseal-Metaphyseal Fractures......Page 594 Mechanism of Injury......Page 292 Body Fractures......Page 296 Anatomy......Page 297 Mechanism of Injury......Page 298 Treatment......Page 300 Anatomy......Page 301 Incidence......Page 302 Treatment......Page 303 Developmental Anatomy......Page 305 Incidence......Page 306 Treatment......Page 307 References......Page 312 Relevant Anatomy......Page 317 Incidence......Page 319 Consequences of Injury......Page 360 Indications......Page 324 Plain Radiography, Cervical......Page 325 Impingement Syndrome......Page 643 Management......Page 327 Computed Tomography, Thoracolumbar......Page 329 Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 330 Management......Page 519 Incidence......Page 331 Sciwora......Page 332 Characteristics of Spinal Cord Injury in Children......Page 333 Specific Cervical Spine Injuries......Page 335 Fractures of the Atlas (Jefferson's Fracture)......Page 337 Management......Page 530 Atlantoaxial Rotary Fixation......Page 339 Odontoid Fractures......Page 341 Anatomy......Page 533 Burst Fractures......Page 343 Pediatric Halo......Page 345 Compression Fractures......Page 348 Fracture of the Vertebral end Plate......Page 349 References......Page 352 Prevalence......Page 359 Classification......Page 361 Physical Examination......Page 362 Radiographic Evaluation......Page 363 Heterotopic Ossification......Page 629 Ketamine......Page 619 Special Considerations for Polytrauma Patients......Page 368 Technique......Page 372 Closed Reduction Indications......Page 374 Bedrest/Non-Weight-Bearing......Page 375 Mobilization......Page 376 Consequences of Injury......Page 378 Puncture Wounds......Page 570 Neurologic Injury......Page 379 Anesthesia and Positioning......Page 381 References......Page 467 Timing......Page 382 Technique......Page 383 Indications......Page 384 Physical Therapy......Page 386 Assessment of Results......Page 387 Nonunion......Page 388 Physical Examination......Page 389 Special Studies......Page 391 Indications......Page 392 Expected Results......Page 393 Pelvic Fractures and Dislocations (including acetabular fractures)......Page 395 Proximal Femoral Fractures......Page 397 Hip Dislocations......Page 400 Pediatric Polytrauma......Page 401 Local and Regional Anesthesia......Page 611 Radiologic Evaluation......Page 404 Decision Making......Page 405 Preferred Treatment Algorithms......Page 406 Classification:......Page 408 Technique......Page 412 Technique......Page 415 Spine Fractures......Page 417 Minimally Invasive Submuscular Plating......Page 418 Temporary Brittle Bone Disease......Page 420 External Fixation......Page 421 Treatment Options......Page 422 Caffey's Disease......Page 603 References......Page 425 Bone and Soft Tissue Anatomy......Page 428 External Fixation......Page 430 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation......Page 432 Submuscular Bridge Plating......Page 433 Diagnosis......Page 434 Salter-Harris Types I and II Fractures......Page 435 Neurovascular Injury......Page 438 Ligament and Meniscal Injury......Page 439 Growth Disturbance......Page 441 Management......Page 444 Mechanism of Injury......Page 445 Talar Neck Fractures......Page 538 Management......Page 446 Mechanism of Injury......Page 447 Management......Page 448 Author's Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 450 Isolated Fractures of the Fibular Diaphysis......Page 453 Management......Page 454 Bone and Soft Tissue Anatomy......Page 455 Classification......Page 456 Treatment......Page 662 Salter-Harris Types I and II Fractures......Page 458 Author's Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 460 Valgus Greenstick Fracture......Page 461 Open Fractures in the Knee Region......Page 463 Mechanism of Injury......Page 464 Management......Page 465 Complications......Page 466 Prevalence:......Page 473 Principles of Pain Management in Children......Page 610 Outline placeholder......Page 0 Fractures of the Proximal Tibial Metaphysis......Page 475 Special Considerations for Multiple Trauma......Page 476 Follow-up Care and Rehabilitation......Page 477 Authors ́ Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 478 Current Algorithm......Page 479 Surgical Management:......Page 480 Results......Page 482 Isolated Fractures of the Tibial Diaphysis......Page 484 Battered Child Syndrome......Page 486 Stress Fractures......Page 488 Ipsilateral Tibia and Femur Fractures......Page 489 Pathologic Fractures......Page 492 Open Tibia and Fibula Fractures......Page 493 External Fixation:......Page 495 Internal Fixation:......Page 497 Results......Page 499 Authors ́ Preferred Method of Treatment......Page 500 Angular Deformity......Page 501 Lower Extremity Length Inequality......Page 502 Vascular Injury......Page 503 Compartment Syndrome......Page 504 References......Page 505 Relevant Anatomy......Page 509 Incidence and Mechanism of Injury......Page 510 Therapeutic Exercise......Page 512 Classification (Historical Data)......Page 514 Surgical Technique......Page 517 Radiographic Dating of Injuries......Page 518 Type IV Fracture......Page 520 Type V Fracture......Page 522 Transition Fractures......Page 523 Radiographic Evaluation......Page 524 Management......Page 528 Osteochondroses and Variants......Page 534 Types of Injuries......Page 536 Lateral or Medial Process Fractures......Page 539 Spontaneous Fractures Secondary to Osteopenia......Page 542 Consequences of Injury......Page 546 Navicular Bone......Page 551 Mechanism of Injury......Page 553 First Metatarsal......Page 554 Second Metatarsal......Page 556 Fifth Metatarsal......Page 558 Phalangeal Fractures......Page 561 Compartment Syndrome......Page 562 Lawn Mower Injuries......Page 564 Free Tissue Transfer......Page 566 Amputation......Page 568 Miscellaneous Causes of Foot Pain......Page 571 Pathologic Fractures......Page 572 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome)......Page 573 Angular Deformity Secondary to Asymmetric Arrest of the Distal Tibial Growth Plate......Page 575 Nonunion or Delayed Union......Page 578 Aphorisms for Ankle and Foot Injuries......Page 580 References......Page 581 Physical Examination......Page 589 Radiographic Evaluation......Page 590 Diaphyseal Fractures......Page 593 Type I Proximal Femoral Fractures......Page 596 Rib Fractures......Page 597 Fractures of the Shoulder Girdle......Page 599 Normal Variants......Page 600 Osteogenesis Imperfecta......Page 602 Management......Page 604 References......Page 605 Intravenous Regional Anesthesia......Page 612 Axillary Block......Page 614 Wrist and Digital Blocks......Page 615 Femoral Nerve Block......Page 616 Nitrous Oxide......Page 617 Parenteral Sedation......Page 618 Comparative Studies......Page 620 References......Page 621 Rehabilitation Of Fractures......Page 624 Orthoses and Adaptive Equipment......Page 625 Pain Control......Page 626 Peripheral Nerve Injury And Electrodiagnosis......Page 627 Spinal Cord Injury......Page 628 Spasticity......Page 630 Oral Medications for Spasticity......Page 631 Phychosocial Factors......Page 634 References......Page 635 Shoulder Injuries......Page 641 Overuse Injuries......Page 642 Wrist and Hand Injuries......Page 646 Back Pain in Athletes......Page 647 Disk and End Plate Injuries......Page 648 Other Causes......Page 649 Physeal Fractures of the Knee......Page 650 ACL Injury......Page 651 Anatomy and Biomechanics of the MCL......Page 652 Evaluation and Treatment of MCL Injury......Page 653 Anatomy and Biomechanics of the LCL and Posterolateral Corner......Page 654 Clinical Examination of the Patient with Suspected LCL or Posterolateral Corner Injury......Page 655 Treatment of LCL and Posterolateral Corner Injuries......Page 656 Incidence and Natural History of PCL Injuries......Page 657 Evaluation and Management of PCL Injury......Page 658 Mechanism of Injury......Page 659 Imaging Evaluation......Page 661 Nonoperative Treatment Protocol......Page 663 Operative Treatment Protocol......Page 664 Foot and Ankle Problems......Page 665 Tarsal Coalition......Page 666 Ossicles of the Foot and Ankle......Page 667 Medial Malleolus Ossification Center......Page 668 Freiberg's Infraction......Page 669 Fractures......Page 670 Stress Fractures......Page 671 Sprains......Page 673 Impingement Syndrome......Page 675 Tendonitis and Tendon Insertion Syndromes......Page 676 References......Page 677 B......Page 692 C......Page 693 E......Page 694 F......Page 695 H......Page 697 M......Page 699 N......Page 700 P......Page 701 R......Page 703 S......Page 705 T......Page 706 U......Page 707 Z......Page 708

new Edition Of A Text That Provides Information On The Advanced Analysis And Recommendation For All Musculoskeletal Injuries In Children. With A Focus On Pertinent Information Rather Than Historical Background, 17 Chapters Cover Skeletal Growth And Development As Related To Trauma, Physical Injuries, Pathologic Fractures, Multiple Injuries, Fractures With Soft Tissue Injuries, Complications And Outcomes, And Fractures Of Various Parts Of The Body. Two New Chapters Address Anesthesia And Analgesia For Ambulatory Management, And Rehabilitation Of The Child With Multiple Injuries. Extensively Illustrated With B&w Images And Drawings. Edited By Orthopedic Specialists Green (vanderbilt U. School Of Medicine And Medical Center) And Swiontkowski (u. Of Minnesota Medical School). According To The Publisher, Volume 3 On The Cover And Title Page Is A Misprint. This Is A One-volume Text. Annotation C. Book News, Inc., Portland, Or

edward Abraham

this Second Edition Text Is Devoted To The Most Current Care Of The Musculoskeletal System Trauma In The Child And Adolescent. The Goal Of The Book Is To Present The Newest And Most Effective Methods In The Case Of Skeletal Trauma. This Worthy Goal Was Fully Met By The Authors. The Book Is Written For Orthopedists Caring For Children With Musculoskeletal Trauma. Orthopedic Residents Are Also A Target Audience. Green Is Professor And Vice Chairman Of The Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery At Vanderbilt, And Is A Very Experienced Pediatric Orthopedist With A National Reputation. Swiontkowski Is Professor And Chairman Of The Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery At University Of Minnesota, And Has Vast Experience In Orthopedic Trauma. Both Authors And Other Contributors Are Fully Qualified To Write This Text. The Illustrations Are Very Well Done And Most Relevant To The Book. Also, The References Are Current And Adequate. The Content Is Divided Into 17 Chapters. Topics Include Outcome Assessment In Children, Fractures Of The Femoral Shaft, Child Abuse, And Fractures And Dislocations About The Elbow. Each Chapter Stresses The Current Options And The Authors' Preferred Treatment Methods. In The Recent Past, Several Books Have Been Published On This Topic. For All Practical Purposes, The Ones Published In The U.s. All Seem To Be Saying The Same Thing. This Text Tries To Cut Out More Of The Historical Perspective And Focus On Current Trends. The Authors Tend To Believe Surgery Assures The Best Outcome. Swiss Surgeons Were Among The First To Advocate A More Aggressive Approach To Fracture Care In Children. The Greatest Changes Are Seen With The Care Of Femur Fractures. The Use Ofexternal Fixators To Reduce And Immobilize Femur Fractures Have Significantly Reduced Hospital Stays And Increased Patient Mobility. We Have Also Seen An Increase In Complications With The Use Of The External Fixators. I Enjoyed Reading This Book. The Publisher Did A Great Job With Esthetics And Organization Of The Material. The Authors Are To Be Commended For An Excellent Book. All Orthopedic Surgeons And Orthopedic Residents Caring For Children's Trauma Are Encouraged To Purchase This. Libraries Are Strongly Advised To Acquire This Work.

Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of pediatric orthopaedic trauma experts! This companion to Browner et al.: Skeletal Trauma, 4th Edition presents practical, focused guidance on managing traumatic musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents. It emphasizes the unique aspects of children's fractures in terms of epidemiology, mechanisms, management, and the challenges of treating the skeletally immature patient. State-of-the-art coverage explores growth and development, pathology, complications, child abuse, sports medicine...and almost every possible break from head to toe. A new chapter on sports-related trauma helps you to manage these increasingly prevalent injuries. And, a new, full-color page layout makes it easier to locate the answers you need quickly. Complete, absolutely current coverage of relevant anatomy and biomechanics b5s mechanisms of injury b5s diagnostic approaches b5s treatment options b5s and associated complications equip you to confidently approach every form of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma. Internationally recognized contributors include pediatric orthopaedists with trauma expertise as well as specialists in orthopaedic traumatology, providing expert guidance from the most trusted authorities in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma care. A unique emphasis on outcomes assessment in childrenb2ss fractures helps you make the most valid clinical decisions. Over 800 high-quality line drawings, diagnostic images, and full-color clinical photos show you what to look for and how to proceed. An emphasis on problem-focused clinical judgment and state-of-the art treatment options assists you in making the best use of the newest techniques Skeletal growth and development as related to trauma / Stephen Frick, Eric T. Jones Physeal injuries / David Skaggs Pathological fractures in children / Herbert S. Schwartz, Ginger E. Holt The multiply injured child / John H. Wilber, George H. Thompson, Jochen Son-Hing Fractures with soft tissue injuries / Sanjeev Sabharwal, Fred F. Behrens Complications of fractures in children / Robert N. Hensinger Outcomes assessment in children with fractures / James G. Wright, Nancy l. Young Fractures of the forearm, wrist, and hand / Martin Dolan, Peter Waters Fractures and dislocations about the elbow / Neil E. Green, Nate Van Zeeland Fractures and dislocations about the shoulder / James F. Mooney III, Lawrence X. Webb Fractures of the spine in children / Gregory Mencio, Clinton Devin Fractures and dislocations about the hips and pelvis / Marc F. Swiontkowski Fractures of the femoral shaft / Jeffrey Shilt Fractures and dislocations about the knee / Lewis E. Zionts Fractures of the tibula and fibula / George H. Thompson, Jochen Son-Hing Fractures and dislocations of the foot and ankle / Mohammed J. Al-Sayyad, Alvin H. Crawford, Charles T. Mehlma Child abuse / Jeffrey Shilt, Neil E. Green, Kathryn E. Cramer Anesthesia and analgesia for the ambulatory management of children's fractures / Eric C. McCarty, Gregory A. Mencio Rehabilitation of the child with multiple injuries / Louise Z. Spierre ... [et al.] Sports injuries / Kevin Shea, Eric Edmonds, Hank Chambers. The editors of this new edition have selected an interesting combination of 19 well-known pediatric orthopedic surgeons and specialists in orthopedic trauma to contribute chapters. In this multiauthored volume, the chapters are well organized and follow the same format. Each chapter begins by briefly reviewing the anatomy and development of the body region in question. This is followed by a diagnosis-and-evaluation section that gives precise directions for proper radiographic and imaging techniques. The bulk of each chapter is devoted to a detailed and comprehensive discussion of decisions about treatment and techniques that includes the preferences of the author (or authors). Chapter 8 gives the reader a detailed and comprehensive review of fractures of the hand, wrist, and forearm in children. The illustrations are uniform throughout the book because they have all been drawn by the same two artists. Gives you the knowledge you need to manage various type of traumatic injury in both adults and children. This work gets you up to speed on trends such as the management of osteoporotic and fragility fractures, locked plating technology, and post-traumatic reconstruction. A DVD of operative video clips shows you how to perform 25 key procedures.