Sixteenth international seaweed symposium : proceedings of the Sixteenth International Seaweed Symposium held in Cebu City, Philippines, 12-17 April, 1998

International Seaweed Symposia have been held at three-year intervals for nearly 50 years. In the early days they formed the only international forum for marine phycologists, and although there are now frequent phycological meetings their value has not diminished, both because of the increased commercial importance of seaweeds, and because of the unique mix of disciplines that the meetings attract. Industrialists interact with chemists and biologists with the common aim of understanding seaweeds. The main development during the last few decades has been an increase in the cultivation of algae, as natural stocks of the useful species become depleted. Of the first ten Symposia, nine were held in western countries where seaweed cultivation is almost non-existent. It is appropriate that the last two have been held where algal exploitation is relatively big business. The popularity of the Symposia with scientists has meant that the standard of presentation has always been high. Many participants from the countries with the highest economic involvement with seaweeds frequently publish in their own languages so their contributions give considerable additional interest to the Proceedings. The Philippines, with its extensive coastline, much of which supports seaweed exploitation and cultivation, was an excellent venue for the latest Symposium. The papers presented in this volume reflect the continuing world-wide interest in marine algae and range from results using cutting-edge laboratory techniques to simple but important field observations. Front Matter....Pages I-L Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Diversity of the seaweed flora of the Philippines and its utilization....Pages 1-6 Red algal polysaccharide industry: economics and research status at the turn of the century....Pages 7-14 A conceptual framework for marine agronomy....Pages 15-23 Front Matter....Pages 25-25 Observations on the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the Solieriaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) inferred from rbc L sequences and morphological evidence....Pages 25-38 Development of the extant diversity in Halimeda is linked to vicariant events....Pages 39-45 Phylogeny of Alariaceae (Phaeophyta) with special reference to Undaria based on sequences of the RuBisCo spacer region....Pages 47-55 A new agarophyte, Curdiea balthazar sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), from the Three Kings Islands, northern New Zealand....Pages 57-63 Marine benthic algae of North East Herald Cay, Coral Sea, South Pacific....Pages 65-74 Changes of the benthic algal flora of the Tremiti Islands (southern Adriatic) Italy....Pages 75-79 Front Matter....Pages 81-81 Cell-cell recognition during fertilization in the red alga, Aglaothamnion oosumiense (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)....Pages 81-89 Morphology and reproduction of the adventive Mediterranean rhodophyte Polysiphonia setacea ....Pages 91-100 Long-term and diurnal carpospore discharge patterns in the Ceramiaceae Rhodomelaceae and Delesseriaceae (Rhodophyta)....Pages 101-113 Porphyra sp. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): reproduction and life form....Pages 115-119 Life history, in culture, of the obligate epiphyte Porphyra moriensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)....Pages 121-125 Culture studies of Porphyra dentata and P. pseudolinearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), two dioecious species from Korea....Pages 127-135 Front Matter....Pages 137-137 Biological basis for the management of Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in southern Chile....Pages 137-147 Reproductive biology of Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) from Chile....Pages 149-157 Population structure and reproduction of the carrageenophyte Chondracanthus pectinatus in the Gulf of California....Pages 159-165 Seasonal variations of growth and agar composition of Gracilaria multipartita harvested along the Atlantic coast of Morocco....Pages 167-172 Biomass and agar assessment of three species of Gracilaria from Negros Island, central Philippines....Pages 173-182 Front Matter....Pages 137-137 The effects of a simulated harvest on Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in South Africa....Pages 183-189 Effects of seasonal growth rate on morphological variation of Undaria pinnatifida (Alariaceae, Phaeophyceae)....Pages 191-199 Phenology of Sargassum spp. (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyta) from Reunion Rocks, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa....Pages 201-210 Population and alginate yield and quality assessment of four Sargassum species in Negros Island, central Philippines....Pages 211-215 The ecological effects of mining discharges on subtidal habitats dominated by macroalgae in northern Chile: population and community level studies....Pages 217-229 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 Obtaining absorption spectra from individual macroalgal spores using microphotometry....Pages 231-239 Evaluating substances that facilitate algal spore adhesion....Pages 241-246 Preliminary observations on the development of kelp gametophytes endophytic in red algae....Pages 247-252 Using in situ substratum sterilization and fluorescence microscopy in studies of microscopic stages of marine macroalgae....Pages 253-259 The sea star Asterina pectinifera causes deep-layer sloughing in Lithophyllum yessoense (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)....Pages 261-266 Spatial variability in secondary metabolite production by the tropical red alga Portieria hornemannii ....Pages 267-273 Influence of Ecklonia radiata kelp canopy on structure of macro-algal assemblages in Marmion Lagoon, Western Australia....Pages 275-283 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 Factors affecting sporulation of Gracilaria cornea (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) carposporophytes from Yucatan, Mexico....Pages 285-290 Porphyra cultivation in Alaska: conchocelis growth of three indigenous species....Pages 291-297 Studies on the growth, in culture, of two forms of Porphyra lacerata from Japan....Pages 299-303 Effect of tissue nitrogen and phosphorus quota on growth of Porphyra yezoensis blades in suspension cultures....Pages 305-314 Effects of nitrogen source, N:P ratio and N-pulse concentration and frequency on the growth of Gracilaria cornea (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in culture....Pages 315-320 Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of the agarophyte Gelidiella acerosa collected from tidepool, intertidal and subtidal habitats....Pages 321-328 The effect of light on growth and agar content of Gelidium pulchellum (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) in culture....Pages 329-338 Effects of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island, Japan....Pages 339-347 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 Carbon acquisition strategies of the red alga Eucheuma denticulatum ....Pages 349-354 Relationship of CO 2 concentrations to photosynthesis of intertidal macroalgae during emersion....Pages 355-359 A theoretical analysis and field evaluation of a light and temperature model of production by Ecklonia cava ....Pages 361-374 Effects of copper pollution on the ultrastructure of Lessonia spp.....Pages 375-383 Front Matter....Pages 385-385 Further evaluation of the structure of the polysaccharide from Plocamium costatum with the use of set theory....Pages 385-389 Biology and agar composition of Gelidium sesquipedale harvested along the Atlantic coast of Morocco....Pages 391-395 A comparative analysis of agarans from commercial species of Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) grown in vitro ....Pages 397-400 Pyruvated carrageenans from Solieria robusta and its adelphoparasite Tikvahiella candida ....Pages 401-409 Monthly changes in the content of fucans, their constituent sugars and sulphate in cultured Laminaria japonica ....Pages 411-416 Front Matter....Pages 417-417 Open-water aquaculture of the red alga Chondrus crispus in Prince Edward Island, Canada....Pages 417-425 Recent advances in the understanding of the biological basis for Gigartina skottsbergii (Rhodophyta) cultivation in Chile....Pages 427-434 Economic feasibility of Sarcothalia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) cultivation....Pages 435-442 Comparison of the performance of the agarophyte, Gracilariopsis bailinae , and the milkfish, Chanos chanos , in mono- and biculture....Pages 443-453 Upwelling and fish-factory waste as nitrogen sources for suspended cultivation of Gracilaria gracilis in Saldanha Bay, South Africa....Pages 455-462 Outplanting of laboratory-generated carposporelings of Gracilariopsis bailinae off northern Philippines....Pages 463-468 Review of genetic engineering of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in China....Pages 469-472 A new method of Laminaria japonica strain selection and sporeling raising by the use of gametophyte clones....Pages 473-476 Front Matter....Pages 477-477 Development of commercial Kappaphycus production in the Line Islands, Central Pacific....Pages 477-486 The status of commercial algal utilization in New Zealand....Pages 487-494 The optimal utilization of kelp resources in the southern Cape area of South Africa....Pages 495-499 Front Matter....Pages 477-477 Gelidium robustum agar: quality characteristics from exploited beds and seasonality from an unexploited bed at Southern Baja California, México....Pages 501-507 Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis beds along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico....Pages 509-514 Front Matter....Pages 515-515 Chemical composition and 13 C NMR spectroscopic characterisation of ulvans from Ulva (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)....Pages 515-521 Direct determination of alginate content in brown algae by near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy....Pages 523-527 Oleic acid is the main fatty acid related with carotenogenesis in Dunaliella salina ....Pages 529-533 Alginate stability during high salt preservation of Ascophyllum nodosum ....Pages 535-539 Chemical characteristics and gelling properties of agar from two Philippine Gracilaria spp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)....Pages 541-548 Polysaccharides from the red seaweed Bostrychia montagnei: chemical characterization....Pages 549-554 Chemical structure and gel properties of carrageenans from algae belonging to the Gigartinaceae and Tichocarpaceae, collected from the Russian Pacific coast....Pages 555-562 Isolation and characterisation of a fourth hemagglutinin from the red alga, Gracilaria verrucosa , from Japan....Pages 563-570 Front Matter....Pages 571-571 Copper, copper mine tailings and their effect on marine algae in Northern Chile....Pages 571-581 Factors influencing seaweed responses to eutrophication: some results from EU-project EUMAC....Pages 583-592 Modelling complexation and electrostatic attraction in heavy metal biosorption by Sargassum biomass....Pages 593-601 Ecological engineering in aquaculture: use of seaweeds for removing nutrients from intensive mariculture....Pages 603-611 Front Matter....Pages 613-613 Occurrence of closely spaced genes in the nuclear genome of the agarophyte Gracilaria gracilis ....Pages 613-618 ’seed’ production of Porphyra spp. by tissue culture....Pages 619-624 Strain selection in Kappaphycus alvarezii var. alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) using tetraspore progeny....Pages 625-635 Efficient utilisation of high photon irradiance for mass production of photoautotrophic micro-organisms....Pages 637-641 Time-dependent attachment mechanism of bacterial pathogen during ice-ice infection in Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)....Pages 643-650 Back Matter....Pages 651-668