Situation of human rights of the indigenous and tribal peoples of the Pan-Amazon region approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019

PortadaRGB-en Panamazonia-en EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTER-AMERICAN STANDARDS ON INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES APPLICABLE TO THE PAN-AMAZON REGION INTER-AMERICAN STANDARDS ON INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES APPLICABLE TO THE PAN-AMAZON REGION A. Inter-American Standards Applicable to Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in the Pan-Amazon Region 1. Self-Identification and Recognition of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples 2. Right of Indigenous Peoples to Self-Determination and Their Own Models of Development 3. Right to Collective Property 4. State Obligations in Relation to Extraction, Exploitation, and Development Activities 5. Ethnic and Cultural Discrimination 6. Right to a Life of Dignity from an Indigenous World View B. Approaches 1. Intercultural Approach 2. Gender Perspective 3. Intergenerational Solidarity Approach CHAPTER 2 SITUATION OF INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES IN THE PAN-AMAZON REGION SITUATION OF INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES IN THE PAN-AMAZON REGION A. Dispossession of Lands and Territories and Barriers to Recognition of Ownership B. Obstacles to the Use of Traditional Territory Associated with Extractive or Development Projects 1. Mining 2. Infrastructure 3. Hydroelectric Projects 4. Energy and Oil and Gas Projects C. Contamination of Rivers and Water Sources, and Obstacles to Water and Food Access 1. Mining (Legal and Illegal) 2. Use of Toxic Substances in Agri-Industry 3. Infrastructure Projects 4. Oil and Gas Projects 5. Access to Water and Sanitation Services 6. Impact on Food D. Desertification and Deforestation E. Loss of Biodiversity and Protected Natural Areas 1. Protected Natural Areas (PNA) F. Obstacles to Cultural and Spiritual Practices G. Impairments to Health H. Murders and Attacks against Members of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples I. Splitting of Communities and Fracturing of the Social Fabric J. Forced Displacements K. Major Difficulties and Obstacles to Access to Justice L. Criminalization of Leaders and Members of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples M. Other Impacts on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Pan-Amazon Region 1. Violence, Militarization, and Armed Conflict 2. Human Mobility, Trafficking in Persons, Forced Labor, and Newer Forms of Slavery a. Drug Trafficking b. Biopiracy CHAPTER 3 PRINCIPAL IMPAIRMENTS TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLPES IN THE PAN-AMAZON REGION PRINCIPAL IMPAIRMENTS TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES IN THE PAN-AMAZON REGION A. Right to Collective Ownership and Guarantees Related to Land, Territory, and Natural Resources B. The Right to Self-Determination and the Right to Prior, Free, and Informed Consultation C. The Right to Prior, Free, and Informed Consultation in States in the Amazon Region D. The Right to a Healthy Environment from an Indigenous Worldview Perspective E. Right to Water and Food F. Right to Cultural and Spiritual identity, and to the Indigenous Cultural Heritage G. Right to Health H. Life and Physical and Sexual Integrity CHAPTER 4 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION AND INITIAL CONTACT IN THE AMAZON REGION INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION AND INITIAL CONTACT IN THE AMAZON REGION A. Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary Isolation and Initial Contact in the Americas B. Domestic Laws on Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary Isolation or Initial Contact 1. Laws and Public Policies 2. Decisions by Judical or Administrative Bodies 3. Territorial Protection 4. Bilateral or Multilateral Cooperation Efforts for the Protection of Peoples in Isolation in Transborder Areas C. Main Threats to the Full Enjoyment of the Human Rights of Peoples in Voluntary Isolation and Initial Contact 1. Contact 2. Pressure on Lands and Territories 3. Extraction of Natural Resources 4. Infections and Other Diseases 5. Direct Attacks 6. Drug Trafficking CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ANNEXES APPENDIX 1 – AMAZONIAN COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES Appendix 2: Pronouncements by the Organs of the Inter-American System with regard to the Peoples of the Amazon Region Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Inter-American Court of Human Rights