Site-Specific Ground Motions for Seismic Design of Buildings and Other Structures

Earthquake ground motions are at the interface of two disciplines – seismologists predict them, and engineers use them. Oftentimes, engineers do not understand the limitations of ground motion prediction, and seismologists do not understand the effect of ground motions on structures. As a result, there is significant confusion regarding ground motions for design. Site-Specific Ground Motions for Seismic Design of Buildings and Other Structures provides a step-by-step approach to properly conduct site-specific Ground Motion Hazard Analysis (GMHA) and Site Response Analysis (SRA). This book also explains various resources that are available to perform GMHA and SRA. It references several standards to provide a comprehensive approach to generate ground motions for design. Topics include Background of design ground motions in the United States, General Procedure (GP) in ASCE 7 and its limitations, Ground Motion Hazard Analysis, Site Response Analysis, Ground motions for the evaluation and retrofit of buildings (ASCE 41), Ground motions for the design of LNG tanks (ACI 376 and API 620 & 625), Ground motions for the design of bridges (AASHTO and Caltrans), and Ground motions for the performance-based design of tall buildings (PEER TBI). This book will appeal to geotechnical and structural engineers who need ground motion parameters for liquefaction analyses and seismic design of structures. It will also be highly useful to seismologists, geologists, educators, students, and building code officials. Contents 8 Preface 12 Acknowledgments 16 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Notation 18 Chapter 1: Response Spectrum of Ground Motion 20 1.1 Introduction 20 1.2 Ground Motion Histories 20 1.3 Geometric-Mean, Maximum-Horizontal, and Rotated-Median Amplitudes 20 1.4 Single-Degree-of-Freedom System 25 1.5 Deformation Response Spectrum 27 1.6 Pseudo-Acceleration Response Spectrum 29 1.7 Pseudo-Velocity Response Spectrum 32 1.8 Tripartite Response Spectrum 33 1.9 Geometric-Mean, Maximum-Horizontal, and Rotated-Median Response Spectra 34 1.10 Smooth Response Spectrum from PGA, PGV, and PGD 35 1.11 Summary 39 References 40 Chapter 2: General Procedure 42 2.1 Introduction 42 2.2 Site Coordinates 42 2.3 Site Class 42 2.4 MCER and Design Response Spectra 45 2.5 Tripartite Plot of Design Response Spectrum 46 2.6 Displacement-Sensitive Region of Design Response Spectrum 47 2.7 Vertical Response Spectrum 49 2.8 Summary 51 References 52 Chapter 3: Ground Motion Hazard Analysis 54 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 UHRS for VS30 = 2,500 ft/s 54 3.3 Magnitude and Distance of Controlling Earthquakes 55 3.4 Calculation of Epsilon ε 56 3.5 UHRS for Actual VS30 58 3.6 Conversion from Geometric-Mean to Maximum-Horizontal 59 3.7 Probabilistic MCER Response Spectrum 59 3.8 Deterministic MCER Response Spectrum 60 3.9 Site-Specific MCER Response Spectrum 64 3.10 Design Response Spectrum 64 3.11 Tripartite Plot of Design Response Spectrum 66 3.12 SDS and SD1 from GMHA 66 3.13 PGAM from GMHA 68 3.14 PGA, PGV, and PGD of Design Ground Motion 69 3.15 Vertical Response Spectrum 69 3.16 Near-Field (Near-Source) Factors 71 3.17 Steps of GMHA 73 3.18 Summary 74 References 74 Chapter 4: Site Response Analysis 76 4.1 Introduction 76 4.2 MCER Response Spectrum of Outcrop Motion 76 4.3 Histories of Outcrop Motion 76 4.4 Dynamic Analyses of Soil Profiles 80 4.5 MCER Response Spectrum of Free-Surface Motion 82 4.6 Design Parameters 84 4.7 Summary 87 References 87 Chapter 5: GMHA for a Site in California 90 5.1 Introduction 90 5.2 Site Coordinates and Site Class 90 5.3 General Procedure 90 5.4 UHRS for Reference VS30 90 5.5 Proof of Method 93 5.6 Max UHRS for Actual VS30 93 5.7 Risk Coefficients 95 5.8 Probabilistic MCER Response Spectrum 95 5.9 Deterministic MCER Response Spectrum 95 5.10 Site-Specific MCER Response Spectrum 97 5.11 Design Response Spectrum 97 5.12 Tripartite Plot of Design Response Spectrum 100 5.13 SDS and SD1 from GMHA 100 5.14 PGAM from GMHA 100 5.15 PGA, PGV, and PGD of Design Ground Motion 102 5.16 Vertical Response Spectrum 103 5.17 Summary 106 References 106 Chapter 6: Ground Motions for Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Buildings 108 6.1 Introduction 108 6.2 BSE-2N Ground Motions 108 6.3 BSE-1N Ground Motions 108 6.4 BSE-2E Ground Motions 108 6.5 BSE-1E Ground Motions 111 6.6 Summary 112 References 114 Chapter 7: Ground Motions for Design of Bridges, LNG Tanks, and Tall Buildings 116 7.1 AASHTO and Caltrans Ground Motions 116 7.2 OBE Ground Motions 116 7.3 SSE Ground Motions 118 7.4 Service-Level Ground Motions for Tall Buildings 119 7.5 Summary 120 References 120 Chapter 8: Damping Adjustment of Response Spectrum 122 8.1 Introduction 122 8.2 Procedure 122 8.3 Example 123 8.4 Summary 127 References 127 Chapter 9: Summary 130 References 131 Index 132 About the Author 136 Earthquake Ground Motions Are At The Interface Of Two Disciplines - Seismologists Predict Them, And Engineers Use Them. Oftentimes, Engineers Do Not Understand The Limitations Of Ground Motion Prediction, And Seismologists Do Not Understand The Effect Of Ground Motions On Structures. As A Result, There Is Significant Confusion Regarding Ground Motions For Design.site-specific Ground Motions For Seismic Design Of Buildings And Other Structures Provides A Step-by-step Approach To Properly Conduct Site-specific Ground Motion Hazard Analysis (gmha) And Site Response Analysis (sra). This Book Also Explains Various Resources That Are Available To Perform Gmha And Sra. It References Several Standards To Provide A Comprehensive Approach To Generate Ground Motions For Design.topics Includebackground Of Design Ground Motions In The United States,general Procedure (gp) In Asce 7 And Its Limitations,ground Motion Hazard Analysis,site Response Analysis,ground Motions For The Evaluation And Retrofit Of Buildings (asce 41),ground Motions For The Design Of Lng Tanks (aci 376 And Api 620 & 625),ground Motions For The Design Of Bridges (aashto And Caltrans), Andground Motions For The Performance-based Design Of Tall Buildings (peer Tbi).this Book Will Appeal To Geotechnical And Structural Engineers Who Need Ground Motion Parameters For Liquefaction Analyses And Seismic Design Of Structures. It Will Also Be Highly Useful To Seismologists, Geologists, Educators, Students, And Building Code Officials.about The Authordr. Praveen K. Malhotra, P.e. Has Worked Alongside Eminent Geologists And Seismologists For Many Years And Founded His Own Consulting Company, Strongmotions Inc. He Is An Author And Presenter, As Well As A Trainer For Seismic Topics For Asce In The United States And Worldwide. Provides a step-by-step approach to properly conduct site-specific Ground Motion Hazard Analysis (GMHA) and Site Response Analysis (SRA). The book also explains various resources that are available to perform GMHA and SRA. It references several standards to provide a comprehensive approach to generate ground motions for design. "Malhotra provides a step-by-step approach to properly conduct site-specific GMHA and SRA, and informs readers of various resources that are available to perform GMHA and SRA"-- Provided by publisher