Sister Chromatid Exchanges: 25 Years of Experimental Research Part B Genetic Toxicology and Human Studies (Basic Life Sciences, 29)

Chromosomes, being well-defined structures that are easily vis­ ible under the optical microscope, readily lend themselves to in­ tense physical and biochemical study. The understanding of the structure and function of this most critical genetic material has progressed through a number of interesting stages. Often connected with the development of new techniques in staining and photography, using the standard microscope and the electron microscope. It is interesting to look back at the history of cytogenetics. I would like especially to emphasize the work of Karl Sax and many of his students. Work with Tradescantia became feasible after Edgar Anderson straightened out the ecology and Sax took advantage of the small number of chromosomes easily visible under the microscope. As a matter of fact, this development is seen as the foundation for the quantitative analysis of radiation effects on chromosomes. During the 50 years since then, more refined studies have been initiated. The study of cytogenetic mechanisms has become an important tool for the recognition of the effects of environmental factors on all liv­ ing systems and has made SCE studies possible. One of the most important stages in chromosome research was the development, in radiation biology, of radiolabeling the chromosome with tritiated thymidine. This technique, published in 1957 by Dr. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Sister Chromatid Exchange Analysis in Cultured Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of the Coldwater Marine Fish, Pacific Staghorn Sculpin ( Leptocottus Armatus ): A Feasible System for Assessing Genotoxic Marine Pollutants....Pages 493-508 Sister Chromatid Exchange Studies in the Chick Embryo and Neonate: Actions of Mutagens in a Developing System....Pages 509-533 SCE Induction by Indirect Mutagens/Carcinogens in Metabolically Active Cultured Mammalian Cell Lines....Pages 535-545 Erythrocyte-Mediated Metabolic Activation Detected by SCE....Pages 547-559 The Effect of Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin on Sister Chromatid Exchange Induction in Cultured Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Aniline HC1....Pages 561-567 Development of Rodent Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Culture Systems to Detect Cytogenetic Damage In Vivo....Pages 569-584 Accumulation of SCEs in Lymphocytes During Chronic Ingestion of a Mutagen....Pages 585-594 Elimination of Cyclophosphamide-Induced SCE in Lymphocytes of Rats with Time Post-Treatment....Pages 595-598 Detection of SCE in Rodent Cells Using the Activated Charcoal Bromodeoxyuridine System....Pages 599-611 Assessment of Sister Chromatid Exchange in Spermatogonia and Intestinal Epithelium in Chinese Hamsters....Pages 613-628 Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Mammalian Meiotic Chromosomes....Pages 629-645 Removal and Persistence of SCE-Inducing Damage in Human Lymphocytes in Vitro....Pages 647-662 Persistence of SCE-Inducing Lesions after G O Exposure of Human Lymphocytes to Differing Classes of DNA-Damaging Chemicals....Pages 663-676 Proliferative Kinetics and Chemical-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Lymphocyte Cultures....Pages 677-693 Importance of the Mitogen in Sister Chromatid Exchange Studies....Pages 695-714 Serum- and Plasma-Dependent Variations of Benzo(a)Pyrene-Induced Sister Chromatid Exchange in Human Lymphocytes....Pages 715-728 Analysis of Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Bloom Syndrome by Use of Endomitotic and Three-Way Differentiation Procedures....Pages 729-740 Complementation Studies in Murine/Human Hybrids Suggest Multiple Etiology for Increased Rate of Sister Chromatid Exchange in Mammalian Cells....Pages 741-763 Different Properties in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines from Patients with Bloom Syndrome....Pages 765-774 Study of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Fibroblasts after Treatment with DNA-Damaging Agents....Pages 775-785 DNA Interstrand Cross-linking, Repair, and SCE Mechanism in Human Cells in Special Reference to Fanconi Anemia....Pages 787-800 Human Health Situation and Chromosome Alterations: Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Lymphocytes from Passive Smokers and Patients with Hereditary Diseases....Pages 801-811 Sensitivities of Peripheral Lymphocytes from Healthy Humans and Cancer Patients to Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges by Genotoxicants....Pages 813-823 Value and Significance of SCE in Human Leukemia and Cancer....Pages 825-838 SCE and Cell Cycle Studies in Leukemia....Pages 839-853 Sister Chromatid Exchange in Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Lymphocytes of Nonfamilial Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Patients....Pages 855-858 SCE Induction by Cytostatics and its Relation to Iatrogenic Leukemogenesis....Pages 859-884 Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency and Cell Cycle Kinetics in Cancer Patients Treated with Cytostatic Drugs....Pages 885-893 Monitoring Patients on Long-Term Drug Therapy for Genotoxic Effects....Pages 895-905 Practical Applications of the SCE Studies for Guiding and Improving Chemotherapy....Pages 907-914 Genotoxicity of Antiamebic, Anthelmintic, and Antimycotic Drugs in Human Lymphocytes....Pages 915-925 Sister Chromatid Exchange Induction by Cigarette Smoke....Pages 927-937 The SCE Test as a Tool for Cytogenetic Monitoring of Human Exposure to Occupational and Environmental Mutagens....Pages 939-955 Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Workers Exposed to Low Doses of Styrene....Pages 957-963 The Effects of Hypolipidemic Peroxisome Proliferators on the Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges....Pages 965-974 Ethylene Oxide and Some Factors Affecting the Mutagen Sensitivity of Sister Chromatid Exchange in Humans....Pages 975-985 The Relevance of Sister Chromatid Exchange Studies to Public Health: Prevention and Intervention. Introduction to a General Discussion on the Interpretation of Sister Chromatid Exchange Data....Pages 987-990 Summary of General Discussion....Pages 991-1000 Back Matter....Pages 1001-1033