Sino-German Encounters and Entanglements: Transnational Politics and Culture, 1890–1950 (Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies)

Adopting a transnational approach, this edited volume reveals that Germany and China have had many intense and varied encounters between 1890 and 1950. It focuses on their cross-cultural encounters, entanglements, and bi-directional cultural flows. Although their initial relationship was marked by the logic of colonialism, interwar Sino-German relations established a cooperative relationship untainted by imperialist politics several decades before the era of decolonization. A range of topics are addressed, including pacifists in Germany on the Boxer Rebellion, German investment in Qingdao, teachers at German-Chinese schools, social and pedagogical theories and practice, female literary and missionary connections, Sino-German musical entanglements, humanitarian connections during the Nanjing Massacre, Manchukuo-German diplomacy, and psychoanalysis during the Shanghai exile. Joanne Miyang Cho is a Professor at the History Department of William Paterson University of New Jersey, USA Acknowledgments Contents Notes on Contributors Chapter 1: Sino-German Relations, Historiography, and Organization Brief Overview of Sino-German Relations, 1890–1950 A Historiographical Landscape The Organization of This Volume Conclusion Bibliography Part I: Politics, Business, and Teaching in the Age of German Colonialism, 1890–1914 Chapter 2: Elisabeth von Heyking: China Through the Eyes of a Female Aristocrat German Aristocracy, Imperialism, and German Colonialism in China The Heykings’ Encounters with Chinese Aristocrats in Elisabeth’s Journals Sympathy Toward China in Elisabeth’s Epistolary Novel Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 3: A “War for Peace”? German-Speaking Pacifists’ Views on the Boxer Conflict The Boxer Uprising and Reaction on the Right and the Left The German-Speaking Pacifist Movement Before the Boxer Uprising Pacifists’ Reaction to the Boxer Uprising Conclusion Bibliography Periodicals Other Primary Sources Secondary Sources Chapter 4: Investing in “German Hong Kong”: The Building of a Global Economic Presence in Qingdao, 1898–1914 The German Imperial Project in Qingdao: The Customs Agreement The Commercial and Industrial Development of Qingdao Revision of the Customs Agreement and the Realization of German Hong Kong Conclusion Bibliography Unpublished Archival Sources Published Sources Chapter 5: “One Has to Rely Completely on Oneself”: The Challenging Life of German Teachers at German-Chinese Schools, 1898-1914 The Historical Background The German Occupation of Jiaozhou German-Chinese Schools and the Intentions Behind Them Problems of German Teachers at German-Chinese Schools The Source: The “Ostasiatische Lehrerzeitung” Problems of German Teachers Flaws of the German-Chinese Education System An Institutional Deficit and a Lack of Continuity Conclusion: The Teachers Caught Between Aspiration and Reality Bibliography Part II: Knowledge, Pedagogy, and Medical Mission, 1910–1945 Chapter 6: Max Weber and China: Imperial Scholarship, Its Background and Findings Kirche und Reich: Christian Mission and German Imperialist Mentality The Power of Values Economic and Political Institutions Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 7: Raising Children, Educating Citizens: Chinese Readings of the German Pedagogue Georg Kerschensteiner Kerschensteiner’s Work and Its International Reception Civic Education, Continuation Schools, and Vocational Education The Labor Education Movement Reevaluations Under Communist Rule Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 8: The Doctor as Patient: The Case of Elisabeth Kehrer and German Medical Missionaries in China Women and German Medical Missionaries in China Elisabeth Kehrer and the Rhenish Missionary Society The Legal Battle Conclusion Bibliography Archival Materials Published Sources Part III: Music, Film, and Activism in the 1920s and 1930s Chapter 9: “What Exactly Is China” in Bertolt Brecht and Hanns Eisler’s Die Maßnahme (The Measures Taken) Political Inspirations and Lessons Kampfmusik and International Proletarian Culture Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 10: Xiao Youmei: Chinese Musical Patriot or Comprador Germanophile? Musical Predecessors Maturation in Japan Formative Period in Germany: German Music, Traditional Chinese Music, and Compositions Xiao’s Years in Beijing: Cai Yuanpei, Peking Music Conservatory and Its Orchestra A New Beginning in Shanghai: The Shanghai Conservatory and a Music Society Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 11: Between Imagined Homelands: Florian Gallenberger’s John Rabe John Rabe in Film: A Cursory Overview Historical Veracity versus Production and Marketing Demands Rabe and East Asia: China, Japan, and the Western Community of Nanjing A German Schindler’s List? Concluding Remarks: A Man Between Two Illusions Bibliography Part IV: Diplomatic Struggles and German-speaking Jews, 1920–1950 Chapter 12: Illegitimate Representatives: Manchukuo-German Relations and Diplomatic Struggles in Nazi Germany Manchukuo-German Relations and Manchukuo’s Public Diplomacy The 1936 Agreement and the 1938 Formal Recognition by Germany Han Yunjie’s Mission and the Formal Diplomatic Staff Manchukuo’s Activities in Hamburg and Königsberg The National Holiday of Manchukuo Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 13: Psychoanalysis in Chinese Exile. A. J. Storfer and His Magazine Project Gelbe Post Storfer’s Life Shanghai and the Gelbe Post Psychoanalysis in China: A Failed Cultural Transfer? Conclusion Bibliography Index