شمن‌گرایی از شرق به غرب

English text revised by Paul Davies. The shamanism of the ancient Finno-Ugric and Siberian peoples was a systematic ensemble of beliefs and ritual practices mainly connected with their ethnic identity. However, through pre-historic contacts, both direct and indirect, it left traces going back to the distant past even in Western European culture. Since the primordial period, shamanism reached present California along with those ancestors of the North American Indians who were Finno-Ugric in origin. The echoes transmitted by shamanism over such a wide area constitute an extremely interesting phenomenon not only for the past of pre-Colombian America but also of Eurasia. It is clear that the ancient Uralic and Indoeuropean peoples were more in touch with each other than one would initially have imagined. Certain elements in the traditions, myths, legends and sagas of Western Europe, which recall the magic ritual scenario of shamanism, are the result of a long process of cultural transmission which had already started in the prehistoric era. Preface by Mihály Hoppál vii Introduction 1 "DOUBLE" AND "PASSAGE" IN EUROASIATIC SHAMANISM 3 The "Doubling" of the Finno-Ugric and Siberian Shaman’s Soul 3 Notes on Fire and Water in Rites of "Passage" in Euroasiatic Shamanism 6 SHAMANISM IN WESTERN EUROPE 11 Finno-Ugric Shamanism and European Magic (A Proposal for Comparative Research) 11 The Finno-Ugric Shaman-Craftsman and the Western European Magician-Craftsman 21 Finno-Ugric Shamanism and the Western European World of Magic: the Ambivalent Nature of the Workers of Sacred Acts 28 Tree Worship in Finno-Ugric and West European Popular Tradition 32 Creatures of the Natural World in Finno-Ugric Shamanism and Western European Animism 42 Studies on the Beliefs and Myths of the Finno-Ugrians in the New European Historical Context 48 FROM THE OLD SOURCES 56 Finno-Ugric Shamanic Beliefs and Traditions in Three Important 13th Century Sources 56 Shamanism and Magic in a 16th Century Chronicle 60 Shamanism and Vampirism in the "Dissertazioni" of Calmet 66 Shamanic Practices of the Finno-Ugric Peoples in Giulio Ferrario’s "Il Costume Antico e Moderno" 72 Aspects of Asian-Uralic Shamanism in the Writings of 19th Century Travellers 79 THE SHAMANISM OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS 86 Some Connections between Finno-Ugric and North American Indian Shamanism 86 Death and Funeral Practices in Finno-Ugric and North American Shamanism 92 Index 99 By Carla Corradi Musi. This Volume Is A Collection Of The English Translations Of Some Studies, Most Of Which Were Originally Published In Italian--p. Vii. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.