Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference : Proceedings of the International Conference, Held at Sevilla, Spain, 27–31 October 1986

Front Matter....Pages i-xxxvii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Welcome Speech....Pages 2-3 Alocución de Bienvenida....Pages 4-6 Opportunities for Large-Scale Electricity Production with Photovoltaics in Europe....Pages 7-8 Photovoltaics in 1986: Routes to Low Cost....Pages 9-18 Front Matter....Pages 19-19 Solar Energy for Pre-Electrification in Rural Areas....Pages 20-26 Photovoltaic Water Pumping — A 1986 Update....Pages 27-37 Telecommunication and Professional Uses of Photovoltaics....Pages 38-44 The Importance of Sociology in Photovoltaic Projects....Pages 45-48 Technological Issues in Photovoltaics — An Overview....Pages 49-55 Present Situation of Photovoltaic Applications In China....Pages 56-60 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Progress in International Photovoltaic Standards....Pages 62-67 PV System Failures, Test Techniques, and Analysis....Pages 68-72 Choice and Definition of the Best Figures of Merit for the Analysis of PV Plants Application to the French Pilot Installation of Paomia....Pages 73-77 Survey of Module Tests Executed by the Joint Research Centre of the EC According to EUR Specifications 101 and 501 (502)....Pages 78-83 Summary of PV Pilot Plant Monitoring Data 1984–1985....Pages 84-88 The Calibration of Primary Terrestrial Flat-Plate Reference Devices — A Proposed International Standard....Pages 89-94 Front Matter....Pages 95-95 Overview on CEC Photovoltaic Pilot Projects....Pages 96-102 Preliminary Experience from the CEC Photovoltaic Demonstration Programme and Future Prospects....Pages 103-107 PRESENT SITUATION of the DELPHOS PROJECT. DESIGN, INSTALLATION and TESTING....Pages 108-112 Small Power Photovoltaic Systems....Pages 113-120 Front Matter....Pages 95-95 Optimum Design of Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems....Pages 121-125 A Systematic Analysis of Power Loss in PV Arrays due to Variations in Cell Parameters....Pages 126-130 Optimization and Analysis of PV Systems Using a Computer Model....Pages 131-135 Front Matter....Pages 136-136 Experimental Photovoltaic Solar Plant — 100 kWp....Pages 137-141 The Dissemination of Photovoltaics in Developing Countries....Pages 142-146 Adaption of Direct Coupled Systems to Radiation and Load Conditions....Pages 147-150 Independent Microcomputer Controlled Solar Pump System with an Asynchronous Motor....Pages 151-155 Control and Power Conditioning for Photovoltaic Power Supply Systems....Pages 156-161 The Experience of Non-Governmental Development Organisations in Photovoltaics....Pages 162-166 Performance Comparison between Two Grid-Connected PV-Plants....Pages 167-171 The Degree of Load-Matching in Photovoltaic Systems....Pages 172-176 Behaviour of the Modules of the Photovoltaic Plant TISO 15....Pages 177-181 Harmonic Distortion Propagation in Distribution Systems with Utility Interactive Photovoltaic Systems....Pages 182-186 Measurements of Optical Performance and Alignment Error of a Manually-Positioned Line-Focus Concentrator....Pages 187-191 A Photovoltaic Installation in a Sub-Sahel Village in Senegal....Pages 192-195 Optimal Number of Solar Cells in Photovoltaic Modules for Residential Applications....Pages 196-200 Solar Wall Clock with a Fluorescent Planar Concentrator (FPC)....Pages 201-206 On the use of the Cuk Converter in Photovoltaic Assemblies....Pages 207-210 Photovoltaic House Supply for Decentralized Relief of the Grid....Pages 211-215 Using an Expert System for PV Technology Transfer....Pages 216-220 Front Matter....Pages 136-136 Photovoltaic Cooling System with Eutectic Storage....Pages 221-225 The Problem of Connecting a Positive Displacement Piston Pump to a PV Array — An Approach to a Solution....Pages 226-230 Dynamic Behaviour of Lead-Acid Batteries with Special Respect to Photovoltaic Applications....Pages 231-235 Cost Optimisation — Solar Systems and Cathodic Protection Put in Perspective....Pages 236-239 Wind and Photovoltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Plant....Pages 240-244 The Photovoltaic Plants of Orbetello and Zannone....Pages 245-249 Comparison of Yearly Efficiency and Cost of Energy for Stationary, Tracking and Concentrating PV Systems....Pages 250-256 Optimization of Hybrid Autonomous Energy Systems....Pages 257-262 Photovoltaic Activities in the Netherlands....Pages 263-268 Two Years Experience on 25 kWp Photovoltaic System in Cituis Village....Pages 269-271 Status of 350-kW Concentrator PV System AF....Pages 272-278 Outdoor Testing of Photovoltaic Modules and Arrays....Pages 279-286 Front Matter....Pages 287-287 Optical Biasing in Solar Cell Metrology: Principle and Applications....Pages 288-292 Accelerated Stress Testing of Commercial a-Si:H Solar Cells....Pages 293-297 Influence of Reference Cell and Spectrum on the Measurement of Solar Cells....Pages 298-303 Hot spots in Solar Cells. Test Procedures and Study of Related Phenomena....Pages 304-308 Effect of solar spectral variation on solar cell short circuit current: results of long-term continuous measurements....Pages 309-313 Uncomplicated Measurement Procedure for I-V-Characteristics of Photovoltaic Generators At Remote Sites....Pages 314-318 The Multi-Intensity-Simulator of The Joint Research Centre....Pages 319-324 Measurements of Spectral Responsivities of Cells and Modules....Pages 325-329 Front Matter....Pages 287-287 Calibration Of An Amorphous Silicon Simulator....Pages 330-338 The Performance Of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems, With and Without Voltage Regulation....Pages 339-343 Qualification Activities For PV-Cells And Modules in Spain....Pages 344-348 Long - Term Outdoor Performance Characteristics Of Silicon And Thermopile Solar Irradiance Sensors....Pages 349-353 Simplified Calibration Method For Silicon Solar Irradiance Sensors....Pages 354-361 The Photovoltaic Test Field Ears and the Enra Facility....Pages 362-368 Construction, Research and Development of Pv Power Generation System for Centralized Array Location (1MW)....Pages 369-373 Front Matter....Pages 374-374 Rural Electrification....Pages 375-381 Energy Consumption Patterns of the Rural Photovoltaic Market In Spain....Pages 382-386 Photovoltaic Systems for Rural Applications in India....Pages 387-393 Front Matter....Pages 394-394 Light-Induced Degradation in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 395-401 Spectroscopic Investigation of Deep States in Amorphous Silicon - Changes with Doping and Applied Stress....Pages 402-406 CO 2 Laser-Assisted CVD of Amorphous Silicon Alloys for Photovoltaic Applications....Pages 407-411 Study of Wavelength Dependence of the Open-Circuit Voltage in A-SI:H Based P-I-N Solar Cells....Pages 412-417 Amorphous Silicon Photodiodes = From the Laboratory to Large Size Panel Production....Pages 418-424 New Fabrication Process and New Materials for High Efficiency A-Si Solar Cells....Pages 425-429 Optimization of Stable a-SiC/a-Si Tandem Solar Cell with Blocking Barriers....Pages 430-434 High Efficiency a-Si:H Solar Cells: Stability and Structure as a Function of Growth Rate....Pages 435-440 Front Matter....Pages 441-441 High Efficiency Low Cost Tandem Photovoltaic Modules: The Way to Go....Pages 442-451 Thin Film Solar Cells....Pages 452-458 Front Matter....Pages 441-441 CuInSe 2 and CuGaSe 2 Thin Film Solar Cells for Tandem Structures....Pages 459-464 Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Cu(Ga, In) Se 2 Chalcopyrite Thin Films....Pages 465-469 The Deposition Parameters of CdSe/ZnSe Layers and the Photovoltaic Properties of CdSe Thin Film Solar Cells....Pages 470-474 Optimization and Limitations of ITO/p-InSe/Au Solar Cells....Pages 475-478 Front Matter....Pages 479-479 The effect of silane dilution with hydrogen on the deposition of glow-discharge-deposited silicon films....Pages 480-483 Characterization of P-Type a-SiC:H Films for the Use as Window Layer of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 484-488 Novel Method for p + -Layer Doping in Amorphous Silicon Cells....Pages 489-493 Economical Patterning of Series Connected a-Silicon Modules....Pages 494-503 Determination of the Density of States in p-i-p and p-π-p Structures of α-Si:H, Light and Current Induced Effects....Pages 504-509 Silicide Formation on Amorphous Silicon Carbide Alloys....Pages 510-514 The Dependence of Open Circuit Voltage on Cell Thickness in Thin Film Silicon: Hydrogen Solar Cells....Pages 515-520 Crystalline vs. Amorphous Silicon — a Comparison of their Respective Properties and their Significance in Photovoltaic Applications....Pages 521-527 Influence of a DC Electric Field on Hydrogen Incorporation and Doping Efficiency of a-Si:H Films....Pages 528-532 Plasma Optimisation for Intrinsic and Doped a-Si:H Films....Pages 533-538 I-V Curve Fitting for a-Si:H Solar Cells....Pages 539-543 The Influence of Electric Field on Stability....Pages 544-548 Contamination Effects in p-i-n Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells: Changes in the Characteristics of the Intrinsic Layer....Pages 549-554 Properties of a-Si:H/a-Si:H Interfaces Generated by Plasma Switching....Pages 555-559 Interface Chemistry of Tin Oxide and Glow Discharge Deposited Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Couples....Pages 560-566 Gap-States Studies in a-Si:N:H by Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy and Photoconductivity....Pages 567-571 Front Matter....Pages 479-479 High Efficiency a-Si Basis Stacked Solar Cells....Pages 572-576 Characterization of Amorphous Silicon Films through Infrared Spectroscopy and Hydrogen Thermal Effusion....Pages 577-581 The Efficiency, Reproducibility and Stability of Glass/TCO/p(Si:C) -i-n/Metal Amorphous Silicon Solar cells....Pages 582-588 Geminate Recombination Process in CdZnS-(Ch)x Heterojunctions....Pages 589-593 Structure and Optical Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon-Tin (Ac:Sn:H) Alloys Prepared by Sputter-Assisted Plasma Chemical Deposition Technique....Pages 594-598 Conductivity Dependence on the Hydrogen Concentration and Thickness of α-Si: H Films....Pages 599-603 Crucial Parameters In Amorphous Solar Cells....Pages 604-608 Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties of A-SiGe:H Films....Pages 609-613 Front Matter....Pages 614-614 Sprayed Cds/CulnSe 2 Solar Cells: First Results....Pages 615-619 Stabilizing Processes for Cu x s-Cds Thin Film Solar Cells....Pages 620-624 Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Indium-Tin-Oxide Films for Photovoltaic Applications....Pages 625-629 Effects of Surface Topography on Dark Current Conduction Processes in Single Crystal Cu 2 S/Cds Solar Cells....Pages 630-634 ZnO/CdTe Solar Cells Prepared by RF Sputtering....Pages 635-640 Spectral Response of Cadmium Sinc Suflide-Polyacetylene Heterojunction Modeling by Onsager Recombination Process....Pages 641-645 Optical and Photoelectronic Properties of Zinc Phosphide (Zn 3 p 2 ) Relevant To Photovoltaic Conversion....Pages 646-650 The Fabrication of Merocyanine — Cadmium Sulphide Solar Cells in a School Laboratory....Pages 651-655 CuInSe 2 /CdS Thin Film Solar Cells by R.F. Sputtering....Pages 656-661 Sprayed (Cd,Zn)S Thin Films: Performances as Cu-Stopping Layer And Admittance Spectroscopy Modelling....Pages 662-669 GaAs Thin Film Solar Cells Obtained by Vapour Phase Homoepitaxy (VPE) on Reusable Substrates....Pages 670-674 A New Approach to the Fabrication of CdS-Cu x S Solar Cells....Pages 675-679 Front Matter....Pages 680-680 High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 681-687 Boron Neutralization by Hydrogen Ion Implantation in Silicon....Pages 688-692 Microwave Heating in Solar Module Production....Pages 693-697 Front Matter....Pages 698-698 Materials for the Photovoltaic Market: Present Situation and Future Outlook....Pages 699-702 Investigation of Large Sized Ingots Prepared By SILSO Casting....Pages 703-707 Role of Carbon on the Electrical Activity of Directional Solidification Polysilicon....Pages 708-713 Silicon Sheets for Solar Cells Grown From Powder Layers: SSP-Method....Pages 714-718 Photovoltaic Silicon Production by Plasma Process....Pages 719-725 New Aspects in Aluminothermic Reduction of SiO 2 ....Pages 726-730 Removal of Carbon and SiC from Silicon Prepared by Advanced Carbothermic Reduction....Pages 731-735 Solar-grade Silicon....Pages 736-740 Front Matter....Pages 741-741 Point Contact Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 742-748 The Superlinear Behavior of Short-Circuit Current in Silicon Concentrator Cells at Concentrations up to 1400 Suns....Pages 749-753 High-Efficiency “Polyx” Solar Cells....Pages 754-758 III-V Concentrator Cells for Space and Terrestrial Applications....Pages 759-765 A InP Lattice-Matched Ga 0.47 .In 0.53 As Cell for Multispectral Photovoltaics....Pages 766-770 Progress in Photovoltiac Concentrator Research....Pages 771-780 Front Matter....Pages 781-781 Improvements in Direct-Cast Silicon Sheet for Low-Cost Solar Cells....Pages 782-786 Low Cost High Speed Si Ribbon Growth by the HSW-Technique....Pages 787-791 Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Arrays: A Final Summary of Flat-Plate Solar Array (FSA) Project Work (1975–1986)....Pages 792-799 Front Matter....Pages 781-781 Solar cells made by the integral screen printing procedure on various epitaxial UMG-Si-substrates....Pages 800-805 Low Temperature Back Surface Passivation of Solar Cells by Plasma Silicon Nitride....Pages 806-810 Pulling of Polycrystalline Silicon Ribbons and Residual Stresses Measurement by Computer Aided Photoelasticimetry....Pages 811-817 Recent Advance in Wire Wafering Technology....Pages 818-822 Improvements in the SiF 4 -Na Process....Pages 823-830 Precipitation Phenomena in Cast Silicon....Pages 831-835 Silicon-Film Solar Cell Development....Pages 836-840 High Speed Formation of Silicon Ribbon by Rapid Solidification....Pages 841-845 Multicrystalline and Amorphous Silicon Materials and Devices. Status of the French Basic and Applied Research Programmes....Pages 846-848 Front Matter....Pages 849-849 Screen-Printed Particulate Silicon Devices....Pages 850-854 Application of a Plasma Technique for Solar Cell Fabrication....Pages 855-859 Improvement of Polycrystalline Silicon Cells by Adsorption of Hydrogen....Pages 860-864 Comparison of the Open Circuit Voltage for Point Contact and Linear Contact IBC Solar Cells....Pages 865-869 Development and optimization of a screenprinted TiO 2 antireflection coating for solar cells....Pages 870-874 The Limitations of Multibandgap Solar Cell Performance....Pages 875-879 P + N N + and Pin Low Cost Silicon Solar Cell Technology....Pages 880-884 An Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cell with High Efficiency Under Concentrated Sunlight....Pages 885-889 Small Concentrators for Photovoltaic Static Concentration Applications....Pages 890-894 GaAlAs/gaAs Solar Cells. Bulk Graded Band Gap Structures, an Optimization....Pages 895-899 Back Point Contact Cells Modelling....Pages 900-904 Front Matter....Pages 849-849 Study of an Industrial Fabrication Process of Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Based on Ion Implantation and Screen Printed Contacts....Pages 905-910 Improved Short-Circuit Current of Ion-Implanted Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 911-916 Limiting Recombination in Si Concentrator Solar Cells....Pages 917-921 Silicon-Based Adaptation Structure for the Epitaxial Growth of Ga As Solar Cells....Pages 922-926 The “Miner” Point-Focus Concentrating P.V. Array....Pages 927-932 Solar Cells Made by Rapid Thermal Annealing of As + -Implanted Monocrystalline Silicon. Relationship Between Annealing Parameters and Junction Characteristics....Pages 933-937 A1 0.2 Ga 0.8 As Solar Cells Made by Improved Liquid Phase Epitaxy....Pages 938-942 Design Considerations for the Fluorescent Planar Concentrator / III-V Solar Cell System....Pages 943-947 Properties of GaAs Bulk Crystals in High-Doping Regime....Pages 948-957 Influence of Defects in Substrates on the Structure of Epitaxial GaAs — Layers Grown by MOCVD....Pages 958-961 Optical Confinement in Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 962-966 Front Matter....Pages 967-967 Evaporated and Ion Beam Sputtered ITO Films for Solar Cells....Pages 968-974 A Model of the InP/CdS Heterojunction in High Efficiency Solar Cells....Pages 975-979 Exact Extraction and Analysis of Model Parameters of Photovoltaic Characteristics I(V) at Constant Irradiance....Pages 980-984 On the Possible Origins of the Multicrystalline Silicon Cells Low Voc. Modeling of the Influence of Grain Boundary Effects....Pages 985-989 Sulfur Diffused n + /p InP Photodiodes, Influence of the p Type Substrate Degradation on the Photoelectrical Properties....Pages 990-994 Behavior of Hydrogen Introduced Under Plasma Discharge or Cathodic Polarization into Silicon....Pages 995-999 Single Crystal Cu 2-x Te/CdTe Photovoltaic Cells....Pages 1000-1004 Two-Dimensional Monte Carlo Simulation of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 1005-1009 A New Method to Calculate the Density of States from Field Effect Measurements....Pages 1010-1013 Front Matter....Pages 967-967 Fitting Isc-Voc Characteristics of BSF Bifacial Cells Via a Simplified Variable Injection Model....Pages 1014-1018 Analysis of the Influence of Leakage Currents through the p-p + Junction of an n + pp + Bifacial Solar Cell....Pages 1019-1023 Modified Anderson Model Taking into Account Effective Masses’change at the Heterojunction....Pages 1024-1028 Analysis of Light Elements in Solar Silicon....Pages 1029-1033 A Testing Structure to Evaluate the Surface Recombination: Photovoltaic Parameters and Optical Reflection....Pages 1034-1038 Optimization of Solar Cell Tandem Systems in Dependence of Important Cell Parameters....Pages 1039-1043 Parameters Affecting the Performance of Silicon Solar Cells Obtained By Laser Photochemical Doping....Pages 1044-1049 A Unified Thick/Thin-Film Optical Model for Silicon Solar Cells and Modules....Pages 1050-1054 Open Circuit Voltage Loss Mechanisms....Pages 1055-1059 Simultaneous Determination of L and Seff for Bifacial Cells from Posterior Illumination Spectral Quantum Efficiency Measurements....Pages 1060-1064 Key-Factors Influencing Diffusion Length....Pages 1065-1069 Limits of Gettering Possibilities in Solar Grade Silicon....Pages 1070-1073 Statistics of Daily Solar Energy in Italy....Pages 1074-1078 Solar Energy and Eliophany Dependence: Concurrent Statistics over Italy....Pages 1079-1083 Study of Trap Distribution and Method of Neutralization in ITO/Poly-Si Junction....Pages 1084-1088 Laser Beam Induced Current Topography and Image Processing Applied to Solar Cells Characterization....Pages 1089-1093 Design Considerations for Heavily Doped Layers in Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 1094-1098 Optical Absorption Measurements in GaAs by a Photoluminescent Technique....Pages 1099-1103 On the Analysis of Surfaces and Interfaces by LEIS, AES and SIMS....Pages 1104-1108 Front Matter....Pages 1109-1109 New Solar Cell Design Concepts....Pages 1110-1116 Front Matter....Pages 1109-1109 Ga 1-X Al X As/GaAs Monolithic Cascade Solar Cells : Limitation of the Ga Al As Cell Performance Near the Cross-Over Region....Pages 1117-1121 A Carnot Cycle for the Solar Cell....Pages 1122-1126 Dislocation Enhanced Gettering of Polycrystalline Silicon Cells by Aluminum....Pages 1127-1131 Passivation Techniques for Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 1132-1140 The Theory of Static Concentration....Pages 1141-1145 Front Matter....Pages 1146-1146 PV Activities of the European Community....Pages 1147-1154 The French Photovoltaic Programme....Pages 1155-1161 The Photovoltaic Program of the Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 1162-1169 National Programme of Italy....Pages 1170-1176 Spanish National Photovoltaic Program....Pages 1177-1184 The U.S. Department of Energy Photovoltaic Program for 1987....Pages 1185-1191 Front Matter....Pages 1192-1192 On the Quantum Yield of Photocurrents in p-n Si Photodiodes Under Very High Intensity (Pulsed Laser) Illumination....Pages 1193-1195 Demonstration of Optical Confinement in Solution-Grown Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells....Pages 1196-1198 Growth and Characterization of a-Si 1-x Ge x :H Alloys....Pages 1199-1201 Amorphous Hydrogenated Alloys: A Comparative Exafs Study of a-Si 1-x C x :H, a-Si 1-x Ge x :H, a-SiN x :H at the Silicon K-Edge....Pages 1202-1204 Deposition of a-Si:H by Direct Photo-Decomposition of Si 2 H 6 Using Vacuum Ultra Violet Light....Pages 1205-1207 Chemisorption Processes in Glow Discharge Silicon Deposition: Experimental Evidence on the Identity of the Growth Precursors....Pages 1208-1210 Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe/ZnTe n-i-p Solar Cell....Pages 1211-1213 Electrochemical Preparation Of CdSe 0.65 Te 0.35 . Photoelectrochemical -- Characterization and Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Cells....Pages 1214-1216 Electrochemically Grown Indium Selenide Thin Films For Pec’s Solar Cells....Pages 1217-1219 Front Matter....Pages 1192-1192 Improved Performance Of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells with Carbon Contacts....Pages 1220-1222 R.F. Sputtered CuInSe 2 Thin Films in Ar/H 2 Atmospheres....Pages 1223-1225 A Novel Combination of Low Concentration CPC Collectors with Bifacial Photovoltaic Cells....Pages 1226-1228 Performance Analysis of PV Pilot Plant “Isola Del Giglio”....Pages 1229-1231 Hydrogen Generation with Hybrid Solar-Wind Electric Power Supply....Pages 1232-1236 Back Matter....Pages 1237-1266