Selected Papers of K C Chou (20th Century Physics) (World Scientific Series 20th Century Physics)

"Professor Kuang-Chao Chou (also known as Guang-Zhao Zhou) is the former President of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been elected as the Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Third World Academy of Science, Foreign Member of Soviet (Russian) Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Romania Academy of Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Membre fondateur Academie Francophone d'Ingenieurs." "He also served as the director of Institute of Theoretical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Dean of the Science School of Tsinghua University, the Chairman of the China Association for Sciences and Technology, the President of Pacific Science Association, Vice President of Third World Academy of Sciences." "This volume presents a collection of selected papers written by Prof. Chou. The papers are organized into four parts according to the subject of research areas and the language of publishing journals. Part I (in English) and Part III (in Chinese) are papers on field theories, particle physics and nuclear physics, Part II (in English) and Part IV (in Chinese) are papers on statistical physics and condensed matter physics. From the published papers, it illustrates and is clearly evident how Prof. Chou was constantly at the frontiers of theoretical physics in various periods and carried out creative research works experimenting with initial ideas and motivations, as well as how he has driven and worked in different key research directions of theoretical physics, all for which he has made significant contributions to various interesting research areas and interdisciplinary fields." --Book Jacket Contents......Page 16 Foreword (T. D. Lee)......Page 6 Introduction (C. N. Yang)......Page 8 Introduction (Y. L. Wu)......Page 10 Part I Field theory, particle physics and nuclear physics......Page 28 1. Concerning a symmetry property of the new Gell-Mann theory, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33 (1957) 1058. Soviet Physics JETP 6 (1958) 815.......Page 30 2. Spins and parities of the hyperfragment H\ and of the K meson, (with M. I. Shirokov), Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33 (1957) 1072. Soviet Physics JETP 6 (1958) 828.......Page 32 1. Introduction......Page 34 2. Correlation for the πt+He4 Cascade......Page 35 3.1. K-MESON SPIN ZERO AND HIGHER n-MESON ENERGIES......Page 38 3.2. K-MESON SPIN NOT ZERO......Page 39 4. Correlation for the K-+He4 Cascade......Page 40 5. Other Reactions......Page 42 References......Page 43 4. On non-uniqueness of nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts, (with L. G. Zastavenko and R. M. Ryndin), Nuc!. Phys. 6 (1958) 669.......Page 44 References......Page 46 5. Phase indeterminacies in nucleon-nucleon scattering, (with L. G. Zastavenko and R. M. Ryndin), Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34 (1958) 526. Soviet Physics JETP 7 (1958) 363.......Page 47 6. On the determination of the relative parities of elementary particles, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34 (1958) 1027. Soviet Physics JETP 34 (1958) 710.......Page 49 1. THE CONSERVED PHYSICAL QUANTITIES IN A RELATIVISTIC THEORY......Page 51 2. USE OF THE CONSERVATION LAWS. RELATIVISTIC DEFINITION OF THE SPIN OF A PARTICLE......Page 53 3. FORMULAS FOR THE CROSS-SECTION AND THE POLARIZATION VECTOR AND TENSORS. RELATIVISTIC ROTATION OF THE SPIN......Page 54 4. THE RELATIVISTIC ANGULAR CORRELATIONS IN CASCADES OF THE TYPE a + b - c + d, c - e + f......Page 55 APPENDIX......Page 56 8. Selection rules in reactions involving polarized particles, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 35 (1958) 783. Soviet Physics JETP 35 (1959) 543.......Page 58 1. IRREDUCIBLE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE PROPER LORENTZ GROUP......Page 60 2. THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SPIN UNDER PROPER LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS......Page 61 4. CALCULATION OF Cmp......Page 62 APPENDIX B......Page 64 1. Branching Ratio......Page 66 2. Angular Correlation......Page 67 References......Page 68 11. The universal Fenni interaction and the capture of muons in hydrogen, (with V. Maevskii), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 35 (1958) 1581. Soviet Physics JETP 35 (1959) 1106.......Page 69 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 71 2. THE FREE NUCLEON FIELD......Page 72 4. FREE K MESONS......Page 73 5. INTERACTION OF K MESONS WITH NUCLEONS. A AND Σ PARTICLES......Page 74 7. CONCLUSION......Page 75 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 76 2. COMPLETE SETS OF OPERATORS AND OF THEIR EIGENFUNCTIONS......Page 77 3. GENERAL FORMULAS FOR THE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS AND THE POLARIZATION VECTORS AND TENSORS FOR THE REACTIONS a + b - 0 + d AND a - 0 + d......Page 79 4. SELECTION RULES......Page 80 5. SYSTEM WITH TWO IDENTICAL y-PARTICLES......Page 81 14. Some symmetry properties in processes of antihyperon production with annihilation of antinucleons, Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 36 (1959) 938. Soviet Physics JETP 36 (1959) 663.......Page 83 15. On the problem of investigating the interaction between 1t mesons and hyperons (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 37 (1959) 283. Soviet Physics JETP 37 (1960) 199.......Page 84 16. Electromagnetic mass of the K meson, (with V. I. Ogievetskii), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 37 (1959) 866. Soviet Physics JETP 37 (1960) 616.......Page 88 17. Dispersion relations for the scattering of y quanta by nucleons, (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 37 (1959) 1714. Soviet Physics JETP 37 (1960) 1213.......Page 90 1. Introduction......Page 95 2. Free Nucleon Field......Page 97 3. Interaction Between Nucleons and Ordinary Bosons......Page 99 4. Free K-MesoDs......Page 100 5. K-Meson-Nucleon Interaction. Λ and Σ Particles......Page 101 6. particies......Page 102 References......Page 103 2. COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED HERE WITH THOSE OF I......Page 104 DEFINITION OF THE FUNCTION Upm(n, k)......Page 105 PROOF OF FORMULA (13)......Page 106 PROOF OF FORMULA (25)......Page 107 20. Scattering of gamma-ray quanta by nucleons near the threshold for meson production, (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 38 (1960) 201. Soviet Physics JETP 11 (1960) 147.......Page 108 21. On the production of an electron-positron pair by a neutrino in the field ofa nucleus, (with A. M. Badalyan), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 38 (1960) 664. Soviet Physics JETP 11 (1960) 477.......Page 115 22. Possible symmetry properties for the n-K system, Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 38 (1960) 1015. Soviet Physics JETP 11 (1960) 730.......Page 117 23. On the decay of ~ hyperons, Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 38 (1960) 1342. Soviet Physics JETP 11 (1960) 966.......Page 119 24. Dispersion relations and analysis of the energy dependence of cross sections near thresholds of new reactions, (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 39 (1960) 112. Soviet Physics JETP 12 (1961) 82.......Page 121 2. KINEMATICS. PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS.......Page 127 3. ELASTIC FINAL-STATE INTERACTION......Page 128 4. INELASTIC INTERACTION. NEAR-THRESHOLD SINGULARITIES.......Page 129 5. DISCUSSION......Page 130 A. PRODUCTION OF A PSEUDOSCALAR K MESON IN np COLLISION......Page 131 B. PRODUCTION OF A SCALAR K MESON IN NN COLLISIONS......Page 132 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 133 2. THE RESULT OF GOLDBERGER AND TREIMAN......Page 134 3. THE ANALYTICITY OF THE MATRIX ELEMENTS......Page 135 4. LEPTON DECAYS OF HYPERONS AND K MESONS......Page 136 APPENDIX......Page 137 27. Elastic scattering of gamma quanta by nuclei, (with L. I. Lapidus) Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 39 (1960) 1056. Soviet Physics JETP 12 (1961) 735.......Page 139 2. THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS......Page 142 3. CROSSING SYMMETRY AND THE DISPERSION RELATIONS......Page 144 4. THE LOW-ENERGY LIMIT FOR 'yd SCATTERING......Page 145 5. RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS. DISCUSSION......Page 146 29. On the pion-pion resonance in the p-state, (with Ho Tso-Hsiu), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 39 (1960) 1485. Soviet Physics JETP 12 (1961) 1032.......Page 148 2. SCATTERING AMPLITUDE......Page 149 4. SINGLE-MESON DIAGRAM FOR THE SCATTERING OF GAMMA QUANTA BY PROTONS......Page 150 SINGLE-NUCLEON TERMS IN THE DISPERSION RELATIONS......Page 152 31. Low-energy limit of the yN-scattering amplitude and crossing symmetry, (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Tear. Fiz. 41 (1961) 491. Soviet Physics JETP 14 (1962) 352.......Page 154 32. On the K +N~A(~)+y process, (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41 (1961) 1310. Soviet Physics JETP 14 (1962) 932.......Page 157 33. Scattering of photons by nucleons, (with L. I. Lapidus), Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 41 (1961) 1546. Soviet Physics JETP 14 (1962) 1102.......Page 160 34. A suggested experiment to determine the spin ofYl * and the parities of Λ-Σ, Λ-Y1 *, and Σ-Y1 *, (with Su Zhao-bin and Gao Chong-shou), Scientia Sinica 12 (1963) 451.......Page 167 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 169 II. THE INDUCED REPRESENTATION ON THE SUBGROUP AND THE PURE GAUGE FIELDS ON THE COSET SPACE......Page 170 III. CONSTRUCTION OF LOCAL GAUGE INVARIANT LAGRANGIAN ON THE GROUP G IN TERMS OF PURE GAUGE FIELDS ON COSET SPACE......Page 172 IV. SU2 X SU2 PURE GAUGE FIELDS ON THE COSET SPACE AND THE σ MODEL......Page 175 V. THE PURE GAUGE FIELDS ON COSET SPACE AND MONOPOLE......Page 179 REFERENCES......Page 184 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 185 II. THE AMPLITUDE OF THE SOLITON-SOLITON SCATTERING......Page 186 III. SEMI-CLASSICAL APPROXIMATION......Page 189 Appendix A......Page 195 Appendix B......Page 196 REFEREXCES......Page 198 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 199 1. General Formulatian......Page 200 2. The Case of G = SU(2), I - 1/2......Page 202 3. The Case of G = SU(2), 1=1......Page 203 4. Disc1lssians of the Case of High-dimensianal Representatians......Page 205 III. PROPERTIES OF CLASSICAL SOLITON SOLUTIONS......Page 206 1. "Free" Solutions-Solutions Independent of Space Coordinates......Page 208 2. Existence of Classical Soliton Solutions......Page 209 4. Stability of Soliton Solutions......Page 210 1. Canonical Quantization With Collectre Coordinates......Page 211 2. Perturbation Theory......Page 212 3. Lorentz Covariance......Page 215 V. DISCUSSION......Page 218 REFERENCES......Page 219 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 220 II. GAUGE TRANSFORMATION......Page 221 III. THE VACUUM STATES......Page 224 IV. DISCUSSIONS......Page 228 REFERENCES......Page 229 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 230 II, TRANSFORMATION PROPERTIES......Page 231 III. SYMMETRY BREAKING, CONSERVATION OF CHARGE AND WEAK STRANGENESS......Page 232 IV. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FERMIONS AND GAUGE VECTOR BOSONS......Page 235 REFERENCES......Page 237 40. Electro-weak theory in SU(3), (with Gao Chong-shou), Chinese Science Bulletin 25 (1980) 21.......Page 238 REFERENCES......Page 242 41. Disorder parameter and duality, (with Xian Ding-chang), Chinese Science Bulletin 25 (1980) 635.......Page 243 REFERENCES......Page 247 42. Axial U(l) anomaly and chiral symmetry-breaking in QCD, AlP. Conf. Proc. 72 (1981) 621.......Page 248 REFERENCES......Page 253 l INTRODUCTION......Page 254 II. FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE MODEL......Page 255 III. SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING......Page 256 IV. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE FERMIONS AND THE GAUGE B0SONS......Page 260 V. ADDITIONAL CONSERVATION LAWS......Page 262 VI. SUMMARY AND REMARKS......Page 263 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 264 1. Introduction......Page 266 2. Path-Integral Quantization in the Renormalizable Gauge......Page 267 3. The Path-Integral Quantization in Arbitrary Gauge......Page 270 4. Properties of the Transformation......Page 271 5. Ward-Slavnov Identity......Page 273 6. The Gauge Independence of the S-Matrix......Page 274 References......Page 275 45. The U(l) anomalous Ward identities and chiral dynamics, Chinese Science Bulletin 27 (1982) 147.......Page 276 REFERENCES......Page 281 46. New non-linear cr model on symmetric spaces, (with Song Xing-chang), Commun. Theor. Phys. 1 (1982) 69.......Page 282 References......Page 288 I. Introduction......Page 289 II. Self-dual conditions and SU(2)xSU(2) formulation......Page 290 III. Hn Sigma-models......Page 293 IV. Self-dual SU(n) Yang-MilIs fields......Page 299 V. Summary......Page 305 References......Page 306 Abstract......Page 308 References......Page 313 ABSTRACT......Page 314 REFEREENCES......Page 321 ABSTRACT......Page 322 REFERENCES......Page 327 ABSTRACT......Page 329 REFERENCES......Page 337 52. Composite gauge bosons in a nonabelian theory, (with Swee-Ping Chi a and Charles B. Chiu), Phys. Lett. 109 B (1982) 457.......Page 338 References......Page 341 53. Massless baryons and anomalies in chiral (QCD)z, (with D. Amati and S. Yankielowicz), Phys. Lett. 110 B (1982) 309.......Page 343 References......Page 346 54. On the determination of effective potentials in supersymmetric theories, (with D. Amati), Phys. Lett. 114 B (1982) 129.......Page 347 References......Page 349 III. e-e+ ANNIHILATION:......Page 350 IV. NONDIFFRACTIVE HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS: FORMATION AND DECAY OF THREE-FIREBALLS......Page 353 V. A POSSIBLE REACTION MECHANISM FOR DEEP-INELASTIC e -p PROCESSES......Page 354 ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 355 I. Introduction......Page 356 II. Dual-like transformation......Page 358 I I I. Linearized equation and conserved currents......Page 361 IV, General coordinate transformation and standard forms......Page 362 V. Kac-Moody algebra......Page 365 References......Page 366 I. Introcuction......Page 368 II. Principal chiral field and its linearized equations......Page 369 IV. Riemann-Hilbert transformations......Page 370 V. Group properties of the transformations......Page 372 VI. Transformation of the basic field......Page 373 VII. Sorre comments......Page 374 References......Page 375 58. On the gauge invariance and anomaly-free condition of the Wess-Zumino-Witten effective action, (with Guo Han-ying, Wu Ke and Song Xing-chang), Phys. Lett. 134B (1984) 67.......Page 376 References......Page 378 Abstract......Page 379 References......Page 386 Abstract......Page 387 References......Page 391 Abstract......Page 392 References......Page 399 Abstract......Page 401 References and Footnotes......Page 408 Abstract......Page 409 Footnotes and References......Page 419 Abstract......Page 420 References......Page 423 INTRODUCTION......Page 424 I. PARAMETRIZATION OF THE K-M MATRIX......Page 425 II. PHYSICS OF E AND E' IN lAOS SYSTEMS......Page 428 III. NEUTRAL PARTICLE-ANTIPARTICLE MIXING AND CP VIOLATION IN BO-BO SYSTEM.......Page 441 IV. CP VIOLATION IN PARTIAL DECAY RATES OF PARTICLES AND ANTIPARTICLES......Page 444 V. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 446 REFERENCES......Page 448 DISCUSSION......Page 450 66. Top quark mass and the fourth generation of quark, (with Wu Yue-liang and Xie Yan-bo), Chinese Physics Letters 1 (1984) 47.......Page 451 REFERENCES......Page 452 I. Introduction......Page 453 II. The Anomalies in Arbitrary Dimensional Spacetimes......Page 454 III. Anomalies of a Gauge Group and Its Reduction Group......Page 457 IV. Einstein Anomaly and Lorentz Anomaly......Page 460 References......Page 462 Abstract......Page 464 References......Page 468 69. Derivation of the anomalous term in Virasoro algebra by topological method, (with Wu Yue-liang and Xie Yan-bo), Commun. Theor. Phys. 5 (1986) 359.......Page 469 References......Page 473 70. Effective action of sigma model anomalous with external gauge fields, (with Yue-liang Wu and Yan-bo Xie), Modern Phys. Lett. A 1 (1986) 23.......Page 475 References......Page 479 I. Introduction......Page 480 II. Generalized Secondary Characteristic Class......Page 481 III. Faddeev Type Cohomology......Page 483 IV. Gauge Fields in the Group Space and the 9-vacuum......Page 485 References......Page 490 I. Introduction......Page 491 II. Mathematical Preliminaries......Page 492 III. Chern Class and the General Chern-Simons Cochain......Page 496 IV, Group Cohomology of Faddeev......Page 502 V, The Effective Action of Wess-Zumino-Witten......Page 504 VI. The Effective Action of a Nonlinear cr Model Interacting wfth External Gauge Field......Page 510 VII. Central Tenm in Virasoro Algebra......Page 513 References......Page 517 II. NJL VACUUM......Page 518 III. HIGH-TEMPERATURE RESULT......Page 520 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 522 74. CP violation, fermion masses and mixings in a predictive SUSY S0(10)xΔ(48)xU(1) model with small tanΒ, (with Y. L. Wu), Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) R3492.......Page 524 75. Low energy phenomena in a model with symmetry group SUSY S0(10)xΔ(48)xU(1), (with Wu Vue-liang), Science in China, Ser. A, 39 (1996) 65.......Page 528 1 Yukawa coupling matrices......Page 529 2 Neutrino masses and mixings......Page 533 3 Superpotential for fermion Yukawa interactions......Page 536 4 Conclusions......Page 539 References......Page 540 76. A solution to the puzzles of CP violation, neutrino oscillation, fermion masses and mixings in an SUSY GUT model with small tanΒ, (with Vue-liang Wu), Nuc!. Phys. B (Proc. Supp!.) 52A (1997) 159.......Page 541 REFERENCES......Page 544 77. A possible unification model for all basic forces, (with Wu Vue-liang), Science in China, Ser. A, 41 (1998) 324.......Page 545 References......Page 549 2 CP- and CPT-violating parameters in mass matrix......Page 551 3 CP- and CPT-violating parameters in decay amplitudes......Page 552 4 Rephase invariant CPand CPT-violating observables......Page 553 5 Extraction of CPand CPT-violating observables......Page 555 6 CP and CPT violation in K-meson system......Page 556 Appendix......Page 558 References......Page 559 Part II Statistical physics and condensed matter physics......Page 560 II. PERTURBATION THEORY......Page 562 III. CANCELLATION OF ULTRAVIOLET DIVERGENCES OF THE CLOSED-TIME-PATH GREEN'S FUNCTION AND RENORMALIZATION......Page 565 IV. THE RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATION SATISFIED BY THE CLOSED-TIME-PATH GREEN'S FUNCTION......Page 569 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 572 II. CLOSED-TIME-PATH GREEN'S FUNCTION......Page 573 III. THE W-T IDENTITIES AND SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING......Page 579 IV. THE W-T IDENTITIES IN A GAUGE THEORY......Page 583 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 586 A. Definitions and generating functionals......Page 587 B. Transformations of three sets of CTPGF......Page 589 C. Further properties of two-point functions......Page 592 D. Path integral presentation and Ward-Takahashi identities......Page 593 III. SUMMARY OF CRITICAL DYNAMICS......Page 595 IV. FUNDAMENTAL SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS IN CRITICAL DYNAMICS......Page 597 V. LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION OF STATISTICAL FIELD THEORY......Page 601 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 604 APPENDIX A: RENORMALIZATION OF THE FINITE-TEMPERATURE FIELD THEORY......Page 605 APPENDIX B: FURTHER RESULTS ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF CTPGF......Page 606 I. Introduction......Page 609 II. The statistical generating functional for order parameter......Page 610 III. Basic properties of the generating functional......Page 614 IV. The statistical tunctional equation......Page 617 V. ConclusIon......Page 619 References......Page 620 I. Introduction......Page 621 II. Two equivalent expressions for the CTPGF generating functional......Page 622 III. CTPGF generating functional in thenmal equilibrium......Page 626 IV. The field-theoretical structure of the statistical generating functional for the order parameter......Page 630 References......Page 632 I. IntroductIon......Page 633 II. Effective action method......Page 634 III. Application one - Contact interaction model fer super-conductivity......Page 637 IV. Application two: Two-energy-Ievel electron - unimode laser system......Page 643 References......Page 647 I. Introduction......Page 648 II. Formulation of the problem and the approximate form of the statistical functIonal equations for the macroscopIc variables......Page 649 III. W-T identities, Goldstone-Higgs mechanism and coupled equations for the E.M.F.-phase of order parameter......Page 653 IV. Calculation of the long wave-length limits of the density of superconducting electron pairs and the phase velocity of the Goldstone excitation for superconduCtors in thermal equilibrium......Page 656 References......Page 658 I. Introduction......Page 659 II. CTPGF for a Quenched random system......Page 660 III. Dyson-Schwinger equation for the Quenched matrix Q,......Page 664 IV. Conclusions......Page 666 References......Page 667 I. Introduction......Page 668 II. The model and Green's functions......Page 670 III. Time evolution of the order parameter Q(w,t) near critical temperature......Page 673 IV. Susceptibility and the order parameter with small external magnetic field......Page 675 V. Discussions and conclusions......Page 676 References......Page 678 Abstract......Page 679 I. Introduction......Page 680 II. CTPGF for a Quenched random system......Page 681 III. The stability condition and the physical boundary of the model given by the Hamiltonian Eq.(2. 1)......Page 686 IV. Susceptibility and the order parameter q in small external magnetic field......Page 689 V. Discussions......Page 692 I. Introduction......Page 694 II. Green's functions and their generating functionals......Page 695 III. Symmetry and Ward identities......Page 698 References......Page 702 90. Does Parisi's solution of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model locate on the absolute maximum of the free energy? (with Shen Yu), Commun. Theor. Phys. 3 (1984) 263.......Page 704 Appendix......Page 707 References......Page 708 91. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium formalisms made unified. (with Zhao-bin Su, Bai-lin Hao and Lu Yu), Phys. Rep. 118 (1985) 1.......Page 709 1.1. Why closed time-path?......Page 710 1.2. Few historical remarks......Page 711 1.3. Outline of the paper......Page 712 1.4. Notations......Page 713 2.1.1. Definition......Page 714 2.1.2. Physical representation......Page 715 2.1.3. Free propagators......Page 717 2.2.1. Definition of Z[J]......Page 719 2.2.2. Generalized Wick theorem......Page 720 2.2.3. Connected and vertex generating functionals......Page 721 2.2.4. Dyson equation......Page 722 2.3.1. Preliminaries......Page 725 2.3.2. "Physical" representation of the generating functional......Page 727 2.3.3. Transformation formula......Page 730 2.4. Normalization and causality......Page 731 2.4.1. Normalization......Page 732 2.4.2. Causality......Page 733 2.4.3. Dynamical evolution and statistical correlation......Page 734 2.5.1. Spectral expansion......Page 735 2.5.3. Lehmann representation......Page 736 2.5.5. Two analytic functions......Page 737 3.1.1. An alternative derivation......Page 738 3.1.3. Vertex functions......Page 740 3.2.1. Transition probability......Page 741 3.2.3. Detailed balance......Page 743 3.2.4. Complex field......Page 744 3.2.5. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT)......Page 745 3.3.1. Quasiparticle approximation......Page 746 3.3.2. Quasiclassical approximation......Page 747 3.3.3. Plasma equation......Page 748 3.3.4. Equation for charge carriers......Page 750 3.4. Multi-time-scale perturbation......Page 751 3.5. Time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation......Page 753 4. Time reversal symmetry and nonequilibrlum stationary state (NESS)......Page 755 4.1.1. Time inversion in the Schriidinger picture......Page 756 4.1.2. Time inversion in Heisenberg picture......Page 757 4.1.3. Implications for Green's functions......Page 758 4.2.2. Generalized FDT......Page 759 4.3.1. Kinetic matrix......Page 760 4.3.3. Response matrix......Page 761 4.4.1. Symmetric part......Page 762 4.4.2. Antisymmetric part......Page 763 4.4.3. Generalized TDGL equation......Page 764 5.1.1. Model......Page 765 5.1.2. Analytic expansion of the generating functional......Page 766 5.1.3. Higher order response......Page 767 5.1.4. Physically observable functions......Page 768 5.2.1. Exact algebraic relations......Page 769 5.2.2. KMS condition [63,83]......Page 770 5.2.3. Time reversal in variance......Page 771 5.2.4. Fourier transform and spectral representation......Page 772 5.3.1. Even and odd combinations......Page 774 5.3.2. Nonlinear generalization of FDT......Page 775 6. Path integral representation and symmetry breaking......Page 777 6.1.1. Model......Page 778 6.1.2. First expression for W......Page 779 6.1.3. Second expression fOT......Page 780 6.1.4. Two-step strategy......Page 782 6.2.1. Functional form for the vertex equation......Page 783 6.2.2. Two types of phase transitions......Page 784 6.3.1. Group transformations......Page 786 6.3.2. WT identities......Page 787 6.3.3. Goldstone theorem......Page 788 6.4.1. Stochastic functional......Page 789 6.4.2. Effective action......Page 791 6.4.3. Saddle point approximation......Page 793 6.4.4. Role of fluctuations......Page 795 7. Practical calculation scheme using CTPGF......Page 796 7.1.1. Model......Page 797 7.1.3. Coupled equations......Page 798 7.2.1. CJT rule [97]......Page 799 7.2.2. Coupled equations......Page 800 7.2.5. Applications......Page 802 7.3.2. Coupled equations......Page 803 7.3.3. Spectral representation......Page 804 7.3.5. Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation......Page 805 7.4.1. Functional equation......Page 806 7.4.2. Hartree case......Page 807 7.4.4. Random phase approximation (RPA)......Page 808 7.4.5. Summary......Page 809 8. Quenched random systems......Page 810 8.1.2. Averaged generating functional......Page 811 8.1.3. Order parameter......Page 812 8.1.4. Free energy......Page 813 8.1.6. Dynamic equation for q......Page 814 8.2.1. Model......Page 816 8.2.2. Self-energy part......Page 817 8.2.4. Time evolution of q(t, t)......Page 818 8.2.5. Susceptibility and q in a small field......Page 819 8.2.6. Summary......Page 820 8.3. Disordered electron system......Page 821 8.3.1. Model......Page 822 8.3.2. Symmetry properties......Page 823 8.3.3. WT identities......Page 824 8.3.4. Order parameter and nonlinear u-model......Page 825 9.1.1. Real time diagrammatic technique......Page 826 9.1.3. Thermo field dynamics......Page 829 9.2.1. Critical phenomena......Page 830 9.2.4. High temperature limit in Matsubara formalism......Page 831 9.3.1. Noncommutativity......Page 832 9.3.2. Doubling of degrees of freedom......Page 833 10. Concluding remarks......Page 834 References......Page 835 92. Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone mode in a non-equilibrium dissipative system, (with Zhao-bin Su), Prog. Thea. Phys. Supp. 86 (1986) 34.......Page 839 § 1. Model Lagrangian and the symmetry breaking......Page 840 § 2. Ward identity and Nambu-Goldstone mode......Page 841 § 3. Transport equation and the restoration of the symmetry......Page 845 References......Page 846 93. The canonical description and Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization for the fractional quantum Hall effect system, (with Zhao-bin Su, Han-bin Pang and Yan-bo Xie), Phys. Lett A 123 (1987) 249.......Page 848 References......Page 852 94. Influence functional and closed-time-path Green's function, (with Zhao-bin Su, Liao-yuan Chen and Xiao-tong Yu), Phys. Rev. B37 (1988) 9810.......Page 853 Abstract......Page 856 1. Time Reversal Invariance......Page 858 2. Time-dependent Ginsburg-Landau Equation (TDGL)......Page 860 3. Generalized fluctuation-dissipation Theorem......Page 868 References......Page 870 Part III Field theory, particle physics and nuclear physics......Page 872 1. 1955 11 4 299-316 In. A discussion on two-range nuclear force, Acta Physica Sinica 11 (1955) 299 (in Chinese).......Page 874 2. 1955 1 53-66 Three-body potentials in meson fields, Acta Scicentiarurn Natura/urn Universitis Pekinesis 1 (1955) 53 (in Chinese)......Page 892 3. 1956 1 211-218 Derivation of Maxwell equations from the microscopic Lorentz equations, Acta Scicentiarurn Natura/urn Universitis Pekinesis 2 (1956) 211 (in Chinese).......Page 906 4. 1959 15 5 269-276 Mass difference between neutron and proton, Acta Physica Sinica 15 (1959) 269 (in Chinese).......Page 914 5. 1959 15 7 377-388 The universal Fermi theory of weak interaction and the capture of muon in atomic nuclei, (with B. Maevskii), Acta Physica Sinica Sinica 15 (1959) 377 (in Chinese).......Page 922 6. He3 1960 16 2 61-69 . Muon capture in He3 nucleus, (with Chu Chia-chen and Peng Hong-an), Acta Physica Sinica 16 (1960) 61 (in Chinese).......Page 934 7. 1960 16 2 70-75 In. On the sign of the effective pseudoscalar term in 11 capture reactions, (with Huang Nien-ning), Acta Physica Sinica 16 (1960) 70 (in Chinese).......Page 943 8. 1960 16 2 76-80 . The effect of recoil on the scattering of Il-mesons by light nuclei, (with Dai Yuan-ben), Acta Physica Sinica 16 (1960) 76 (in Chinese).......Page 949 9. 1960 16 5 : 252-262 . Dispersion relations for pion production in pion-nucleon collisions, (with Dai Yuan-ben), Acta Physica Sinica 16 (1960) 252 (in Chinese).......Page 954 10. 1961 17 3 : 133-134 1ft. A suggestion of experiment to detect the p-resonance in 7t-7t scattering, (with Ho Tso-Hsiu), Acta Physica Sinica 17 (1961) 133 (in Chinese).......Page 965 11. 1963 19 10 649-672 . Investigation of the correlation between resonance effect and near threshold effect in the 7t+p~A+7t+ K reaction, with Su Zhao-bin and Gao Chong-shou), Acta Physica Sinica 19 (1963) 649 (in Chinese).......Page 967 12. 1980 4 4 536-538 . Is there any symmetry between flavour and colour gauge interactions? (with Gao Chong-shou), Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nuc!. 4 (1980) 536 in Chinese).......Page 991 13. SU(3) 1980 4 5 609-622 . Unified electro-weak model in SU(3), (with Gao Chong-shou), Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nucl. 4 (1980) 609 (in Chinese).......Page 994 14. 1980 10 2 26-35 . A general form of path integral quantization, (with Yin Hong-jun, Ruan Tu-nan and Du Dong-sheng), J. Univ. Sci. Tech. China 10 1980) 26 (in Chinese).......Page 1008 15. SU(3)XU 1981 5 1 39-46 Some discussions on the SU(3)xU(l) electro-weak unified model ofleptons and quarks, (with Gao Chong-shou), Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nuc 5 (1981) 39 (in Chinese).......Page 1018 16. Wess-Zumino-Witten 1984 8 2 252-255 1ft. On the gauge invariance ofWess-Zumino-Witten effective action, (with Guo Han-ying, Wu Ke and Song Xing-chang), Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nuc!. 8 (1984) 252 (in Chinese).......Page 1026 17. 1984: 8 4 : 508-512 . Symmetrical anomaly, unsymmetrical anomaly and effective Lagrangian, (with Guo Han-ying, Wu Ke and Song Xing-chang), Phys. Nuc!. 8 (1984) 508 (in Chinese).......Page 1031 18. 1985 9 2 252-256 . Effective action and chiral anomalies in any even dimensional space, (with Guo Han-ying, Li Xiao-yuan, Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nuc!. 9 (1985) 252 (in Chinese).......Page 1036 19. Chern-Simons , 1986 : 10 2 177-185 . The general Chern-Simons cochain and their application, (with Wu Vue-liang and Xie Yan-bo), Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nucl. 10 (1986) 178 (in Chinese).......Page 1041 20. 1986: 10 3 283-287 A new co-boundary operator and its applications, (with Wu Vue-liang and Xie Yan-bo), Phys. Energ. Forties Phys. Nuc!. 10 (1986) 283 (in Chine......Page 1050 Part IV Statistical physics and condensed matter physics......Page 1056 21. Goldstone 1980 : 29 5 618-634 . On the Goldstone mode in the stationary state of a non-equilibrium dissipative system, (with Su Zhao-bing), Acta Physica Sinica 29 (1980) 618 (in Chinese).......Page 1058 22. 1980 29 7 878-888 . Transformation properties of three sets of closed time path Green's functions, (with Yu Lu and Hao Bai-lin), Acta Physica Sinica 29 (1980) 878 (in Chinese).......Page 1075 23. 1980 : 29 8 961-968 . Nonequilibrium statistical field theory and critical dynamics (I) generalized Langevin equation, (with Su Zhao-bin, Hao Bai-lin and Yu Lu), Acta Physica Sinica 29 (1980) 961 (in Chinese).......Page 1086 24. 1318 1980 29 8 : 969-977 . Nonequilibrium statistical field theory and critical dynamics (II) Lagrangian field theory formulation, (with Hao Bai-lin and Yu Lu), Acta Physica Sinica 29 (1980) 969 (in Chinese).......Page 1094 25. (I) 1981 30 2 164-171 . Time reversal symmetry and non-equilibrium statistical stationary states (I), (with Su Zhao-bin), Acta Physica Sinica 30 (19 Professor Kuang-Chao Chou (also known as Guang-Zhao Zhou) is the former President of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has been elected as the Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Third World Academy of Science, Foreign Member of Soviet (Russian) Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Romania Academy of Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Membre fondateur Academie Francophone d'Ingenieurs.He also served as the director of Institute of Theoretical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Dean of the Science School of Tsinghua University, the Chairman of the China Association for Sciences and Technology, the President of Pacific Science Association, Vice President of Third World Academy of Sciences.”Zhou is a first rate physicist: broad, powerful and very quick in grasping new ideas. His style of doing physics reminds me of that of Landau, Salam, and of Teller.”C N Yang”His published papers have won uniformly high praises by the international scientific community and his articles are always written with depth and elegance.”T D LeeThis volume presents a collection of selected papers written by Prof Chou. The papers are organized into four parts according to the subject of research areas and the language of publishing journals. Part I (in English) and Part III (in Chinese) are papers on field theories, particle physics and nuclear physics, Part II (in English) and Part IV (in Chinese) are papers on statistical physics and condensed matter physics. From the published papers, it illustrates and is clearly evident how Prof Chou was constantly at the frontiers of theoretical physics in various periods and carried out creative research works experimenting with initial ideas and motivations, as well as how he has driven and worked in different key research directions of theoretical physics, all for which he has made significant contributions to various interesting research areas and interdisciplinary fields. 33. Scattering of photons by nucleons (with L.I. Lapidus. 34. A suggested experiment to determine the spin of Yl* and the parities of [symbols] (with Su Zhao-bin and Gao Chong-shou). 35. The pure gauge fields on a coset space (with Tu Tung-sheng and Yean Tu-Nan). 36. Soliton-soliton scattering and the semi-classical approximation for the problem of scattering in three-dimensional space (with Dai Yuan-ben). 37. The non-topological soliton with a non-Abelian internal symmetry (with Zhu Zhong-yuan, Dai Yuan-ben and Wu Yong-shi). 38. On the vacuum of the pure gauge fields on coset. 39. A model of electro-weak interaction in SU(3) X U(1) gauge theory (with Gao Chong-shou). 40. Electro-weak theory in SU(3) (with Gao Chong-shou). 41. Disorder parameter and duality (with Xian Ding-chang). 42. Axial U(l) anomaly and chiral symmetry-breaking in QCD. 43. Possible SU(4)[symbol]xSU(3)[symbol]xU(l) model (with Chong-shou Gao). 44. On the quantization and the renormalization of the pure-gauge fields on the coset-space (with Ruan Tu-nan). 45. The U(l) anomalous Ward identities and chiral dynamics. 46. New non-linear [symbol] model on symmetric spaces (with Song Xing-chang). 47. The H[symbol] sigma-models and self-dual SU(n) Yang-Mills fields in four-dimensional Euclidean space (with Song Xing-chang). 48. On the dynamical problems and the Fermion spectra in the Rishon model (with Dai Yuan-ben). 49. Wilson loop integral and string wave functional (with Li Xiao-yuan). 50. Bäcklund transformation, local and nonlocal conservation laws for nonlinear [symbol] models on symmetric coset spaces (with Song Xing-chang). 51. Local conservation laws for various nonlinear [symbol] models (with Song Xing-chang). 52. Composite gauge bosons in a nonabelian theory (with Swee-Ping Chia and Charles B. Chiu). 53. Massless baryons and anomalies in chiral (QCD)[symbol] (with D. Amati and S. Yankielowicz). 54. On the determination of effective potentials in supersymmetric theories (with D. Amati)

professor Kuang-chao Chou (also Known As Guang-zhao Zhou) Is The Former President Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences. He Has Been Elected As The Academician Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Foreign Associate Of The Us National Academy Of Sciences, Fellow Of The Third World Academy Of Science, Foreign Member Of Soviet (russian) Academy Of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy Of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences, Romania Academy Of Sciences, Mongolian Academy Of Sciences, The European Academy Of Arts, Sciences And Humanities, Membre Fondateur Academie Francophone D'ingenieurs. He Also Served As The Director Of Institute Of Theoretical Physics At The Chinese Academy Of Sciences, The Dean Of The Science School Of Tsinghua University, The Chairman Of The China Association For Sciences And Technology, The President Of Pacific Science Association, Vice President Of Third World Academy Of Sciences. This Volume Presents A Collection Of Selected Papers Written By Prof. Chou. The Papers Are Organized Into Four Parts According To The Subject Of Research Areas And The Language Of Publishing Journals. Part I (in English) And Part Iii (in Chinese) Are Papers On Field Theories, Particle Physics And Nuclear Physics, Part Ii (in English) And Part Iv (in Chinese) Are Papers On Statistical Physics And Condensed Matter Physics. From The Published Papers, It Illustrates And Is Clearly Evident How Prof. Chou Was Constantly At The Frontiers Of Theoretical Physics In Various Periods And Carried Out Creative Research Works Experimenting With Initial Ideas And Motivations, As Well As How He Has Driven And Worked In Different Key Research Directions Of Theoretical Physics, All For Which He Has Madesignificant Contributions To Various Interesting Research Areas And Interdisciplinary Fields.