Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (Veritas Paperbacks)

**“One of the most profound and illuminating studies of this century to have been published in recent decades.”—John Gray, __New York Times Book Review__** **"A powerful, and in many insightful, explanation as to why grandiose programs of social reform, not to mention revolution, so often end in tragedy. . . . An important critique of visionary state planning."—Robert Heilbroner,** __**Lingua Franca**__ Hailed as “a magisterial critique of top-down social planning” by the __New York Times__, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail—sometimes catastrophically—in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters. “Beautifully written, this book calls into sharp relief the nature of the world we now inhabit.”—__New Yorker__ “A tour de force.”— Charles Tilly, Columbia University Compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, collectivization in Russia, Le Corbusiers urban planning theory realized in Brasilia, the Great Leap Forward in China, agricultural & quote;modernization & quote; in the Tropicsthe twentieth century has been racked by grand utopian schemes that have inadvertently brought death and disruption to millions. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry?In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. Centrally managed social plans misfire, Scott argues, when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are notand cannotbe fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends upon the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against & quote;development theory & quote; and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. He identifies and discusses four conditions common to all planning disasters: administrative ordering of nature and society by the state; a & quote;high-modernist ideology & quote; that places confidence in the ability of science to improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large- scale interventions; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans Compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, collectivization in Russia, Le Corbusiers urban planning theory realized in Brasilia, the Great Leap Forward in China, agricultural "modernization" in the Tropicsthe twentieth century has been racked by grand utopian schemes that have inadvertently brought death and disruption to millions. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry? In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. Centrally managed social plans misfire, Scott argues, when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are notand cannotbe fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends upon the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. He identifies and discusses four conditions common to all planning disasters: administrative ordering of nature and society by the state; a "high-modernist ideology" that places confidence in the ability of science to improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large- scale interventions; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans.

In this wide-ranging and original book, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. He argues that centrally managed social plans derail when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not -- and cannot be -- fully understood. Further the success of designs for social organization depends on the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. And in discussing these planning disasters, he identifies four conditions common to them all: the state's attempt to impose administrative order on nature and society; a high-modernist ideology that believes scientific intervention can improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large-scale innovations; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans.

Washington Monthly - Gideon G. Rose

James C. Scott's book Seeing Like a State is an important and powerful work that deserves to be read by anyone interested in large-scale public planning. . . . Among the book's virtues are its lucid style, deep learning, and wide range of fascinating cases.

In this book, the author analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. He argues that centrally managed social plans derail when they impose schematic visions that do violence to complex interdependencies that are not - and cannot be - fully understood. Further, the success of designs for social organization depends on the recognition that local, practical knowledge is as important as formal, epistemic knowledge. The author builds a persuasive case against "development theory" and imperialistic state planning that disregards the values, desires, and objections of its subjects. And in discussing these planning disasters, he identifies four conditions common to them all: the state's attempt to impose administrative order on nature and society; a high-modernist ideology that believes scientific intervention can improve every aspect of human life; a willingness to use authoritarian state power to effect large-scale innovations; and a prostrate civil society that cannot effectively resist such plans “One of the most profound and illuminating studies of this century to have been published in recent decades.”—John Gray, New York Times Book Review

Hailed as “a magisterial critique of top-down social planning” by the New York Times, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail—sometimes catastrophically—in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters.

“Beautifully written, this book calls into sharp relief the nature of the world we now inhabit.”—New Yorker

“A tour de force.”— Charles Tilly, Columbia University "One of the most profound and illuminating studies of this century to have been published in recent decades."—John Gray, New York Times Book Review Hailed as "a magisterial critique of top-down social planning" by the New York Times, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail—sometimes catastrophically—in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters. "Beautifully written, this book calls into sharp relief the nature of the world we now inhabit."— New Yorker "A tour de force."— Charles Tilly, Columbia University Hailed As A Magisterial Critique Of Top-down Social Planning By The New York Times, This Essential Work Analyzes Disasters From Russia To Tanzania To Uncover Why States So Often Fail--sometimes Catastrophically--in Grand Efforts To Engineer Their Society Or Their Environment, And Uncovers The Conditions Common To All Such Planning Disasters. One Of The Most Profound And Illuminating Studies Of This Century To Have Been Published In Recent Decades.--john Gray, New York Times Book Review Beautifully Written, This Book Calls Into Sharp Relief The Nature Of The World We Now Inhabit.--new Yorker A Tour De Force.-- Charles Tilly, Columbia University Acknowledgments Introduction State Projects of Legibility and Simplification Nature and Space Cities, People, and Language Transforming Visions Authoritarian High Modernism The High-Modernist City: An Experiment and a Critique The Revolutionary Party: A Plan and a Diagnosis The Social Engineering of Rural Settlement and Production Soviet Collectivization, Capitalist Dreams Compulsory Villagization in Tanzania: Aesthetics and Miniaturization Taming Nature: An Agricultyure of Legibility and Simplicity The Missing Link Thin Simplifications and Practical Knowledge: Metis Conclusion Notes Sources for Illustrations Index None None STATE PROJECTS OF LEGIBILITY AND SIMPLIFICATION Nature and Space Cities, People, and Language TRANSFORMING VISIONS Authoritarian High Modernism The High-Modernist City: An Experiment and a Critique The Revolutionary Party: A Plan and a Diagnosis THE SOCIAL ENGINEERING OF RURAL SETTLEMENT AND PRODUCTION Soviet Collectivization, Capitalist Dreams Compulsory Villagization in Tanzania: Aesthetics and Miniaturization Taming Nature: An Agriculture of Legibility and Simplicity THE MISSING LINK Thin Simplifications and Practical Knowledge: Métis Conclusion None None None Why have large-scale schemes to improve the human condition in the twentieth century so often gone awry? James C. Scott analyzes diverse failures in high-modernist, authoritarian state planning-collectivization in Russia, the building of Brasilia, compulsory ujamaa villages in Tanzania, and others-and uncovers conditions common to all such planning disasters. What these failures teach us, he argues, is that any centrally managed social plan must recognize the importance of local customs and practical knowledge if it hopes to succeed. Why do well-intentioned plans for improving the human condition go tragically awry? In a wide-ranging and original study, James C. Scott analyzes failed cases of large-scale authoritarian plans in a variety of fields. He argues that centrally managed social plans derail when schematic visions are imposed on long-established structures without taking into account preexisting interdependencies. "Hailed as 'a magisterial critique of top-down social planning' by the New York Times, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail--sometimes catastrophically--in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters."--Provided by publisher Examines how (sometimes quasi-) authoritarian central planning fails to deliver the goods, be they increased resources for the state or a better life for the people.