Securing Europe's future : a research volume from the Center of Science and International Affairs, Harvard University

BOOK COVER......Page 1 HALF-TITLE......Page 2 TITLE......Page 3 COPYRIGHT......Page 4 CONTENTS......Page 5 DEDICATION......Page 7 FOREWORD......Page 8 PREFACE......Page 12 1 INTRODUCTION: THE CHANGING ELEMENTS OF EUROPEAN SECURITY......Page 14 Introduction......Page 20 Dialectics of Alliance Tension: NATO Politics and Doctrine......Page 22 Force Employment Options and Nuclear Control......Page 24 No First Use......Page 26 NATO’s Nuclear Force Posture: A Shift for the Better?......Page 28 TNF Survivability: A Principal Concern......Page 30 Protecting Theater Nuclear Assets......Page 32 Offensive Theater Nuclear Force Modernization......Page 34 The Longer Term: Toward a European Deterrent?......Page 36 Conclusions......Page 39 Notes......Page 40 3 SDI’s IMPLICATIONS FOR EUROPE: STRATEGY, POLITICS AND TECHNOLOGY......Page 48 I. Technological Feasibility......Page 49 1. U.S. Strategic Concerns......Page 50 2. European Strategic Concerns......Page 53 1. Europe’s Evolving Attitudes......Page 61 2. American Unilateralism Resurgent......Page 63 4. Toward a Coordinate Response......Page 67 IV. Conclusions......Page 69 Notes......Page 71 4 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE SECURITY OF WESTERN EUROPE......Page 78 Background......Page 79 Surveillance Systems......Page 82 Stand-off Delivery Systems......Page 83 Airborne Weapons......Page 84 Missiles......Page 85 MLRS......Page 86 Anti-Tank Missiles......Page 87 Program Delays......Page 88 Procurement......Page 89 System Vulnerability......Page 91 Soviet Responses......Page 92 Cost-Effectiveness......Page 93 The Military and Political Context......Page 94 Conclusion......Page 95 Notes......Page 96 Introduction: Building on a Fragile Foundation......Page 98 NATO’s Current Malaise......Page 100 The Implications of Historical Trends......Page 101 The Role of Defense Cooperation......Page 105 Better Division of Labor......Page 107 Developments in Strategy and Technology......Page 108 More Radical Proposals......Page 111 Political Questions......Page 112 Franco-German Defense Cooperation......Page 113 Crisis Stability......Page 115 Soviet Reactions......Page 116 Conclusion......Page 118 Notes......Page 120 6 THE GERMAN SEARCH FOR SECURITY......Page 126 The Evolution of Inner-German Relations......Page 127 Concepts of Ideology and Nation......Page 129 Deutschlandpolitik and West German Domestic Politics......Page 131 The GDR and German Identity......Page 136 Bonn and East Berlin......Page 138 Deutschlandpolitik and Security Issues......Page 140 Conclusion......Page 144 Notes......Page 145 7 REASSURANCE, CONSENSUS, AND CONTROVERSY: THE DOMESTIC DILEMMAS OF EUROPEAN DEFENSE......Page 150 The Reasons for Controversy......Page 151 Reassurance through Conventionalization?......Page 155 Reassurance through Self-Reliance?......Page 158 Reassurance through Arms Control?......Page 161 A More Political Approach......Page 165 Conclusion......Page 168 Notes......Page 170 8 THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF ARMS CONTROL......Page 176 The Negotiations on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces......Page 177 Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions......Page 184 The Stockholm Conference......Page 191 Prognosis......Page 197 Notes......Page 200 Roots of Discontent......Page 204 Proposals for Reform and Change......Page 207 German Neutrality and Nonalignment......Page 208 Disengagement: Europe Without America......Page 212 Unilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Nuclear Free Zones......Page 217 Restructuring of NATO......Page 218 Actions to Promote European Defense Cooperation......Page 221 Conventional Defense......Page 222 Arms Control......Page 223 Out-of-Area Disputes......Page 224 Notes......Page 225 Introduction1......Page 234 A Definition of Economic Security......Page 235 Arab Oil Embargo......Page 236 Urengoi Pipeline and U.S. Economic Sanctions......Page 238 Three Approaches to Economic Security......Page 240 Predominance of Trade in Western Economies......Page 244 Mutuality of Economic Interaction......Page 248 Western Divergence Over Economic Security......Page 251 Notes......Page 252 ‘Classical Neutrality’ Versus ‘Non-Alignment’ and ‘Finlandization’......Page 256 The Different Concepts of Neutrality......Page 259 Geostrategic Specifications......Page 264 Foreign Policy Dimension of Neutrality Policy......Page 265 Economic Dimension of Neutrality......Page 270 The National Defense Dimension of Neutrality Policy......Page 276 Conclusions and Prospects......Page 284 Possible Future Alterations of Neutrality......Page 285 Lessons for Europe......Page 286 Notes......Page 288 12 REGIONAL SECURITY AND THE OUT-OF-AREA PROBLEM......Page 294 The Historical Background......Page 295 NATO and the Persian Gulf 1980–1982......Page 300 NATO and Regional Security—The Agenda......Page 306 Notes......Page 312 13 CONCLUSION: MANAGING THE TRANS-ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP......Page 316 Flexible Response and Deterrence......Page 317 The Strategic Defense Initiative......Page 318 East-West Relations......Page 319 Policy Alternatives......Page 321 Nuclear-free Zones......Page 322 Emerging Technologies......Page 323 INF......Page 324 CDE......Page 325 Do not adopt a No first use Policy......Page 326 Improve Battlefield Command and Control......Page 327 Endorse the Thatcher-Reagan Agreement within the NATO Framework......Page 328 Expand French Cooperation with NA TO......Page 329 Establish Regular Consultations Among the Allies on Out-of-area Issues......Page 330 Widen the Domestic Political Debate about the Future of the Alliance......Page 331 Maintain Alliance Cohesion while working for Rapprochement with the Soviet Union......Page 332 Co-editor......Page 334 Contributors......Page 335 INDEX......Page 338