Secret History: The Story of Cryptology (Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications Book 76)

Annotation Winner of an Outstanding Academic Title Award from CHOICE Magazine Most available cryptology books primarily focus on either mathematics or history. Breaking this mold, Secret History: The Story of Cryptology gives a thorough yet accessible treatment of both the mathematics and history of cryptology. Requiring minimal mathematical prerequisites, the book presents the mathematics in sufficient detail and weaves the history throughout the chapters. In addition to the fascinating historical and political sides of cryptology, the author--a former Scholar-in-Residence at the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) Center for Cryptologic History--includes interesting instances of codes and ciphers in crime, literature, music, and art. Following a mainly chronological development of concepts, the book focuses on classical cryptology in the first part. It covers Greek and Viking cryptography, the Vigenère cipher, the one-time pad, transposition ciphers, Jefferson's cipher wheel, the Playfair cipher, ADFGX, matrix encryption, World War II cipher systems (including a detailed examination of Enigma), and many other classical methods introduced before World War II. The second part of the book examines modern cryptology. The author looks at the work of Claude Shannon and the origin and current status of the NSA, including some of its Suite B algorithms such as elliptic curve cryptography and the Advanced Encryption Standard. He also details the controversy that surrounded the Data Encryption Standard and the early years of public key cryptography. The book not only provides the how-to of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and RSA algorithm, but also covers many attacks on the latter. Additionally, it discusses Elgamal, digital signatures, PGP, and stream ciphers and explores future directions such as quantum cryptography and DNA computing. With numerous real-world examples and extensive references, this book skillfully balances the historical aspects of cryptology with its mathematical details. It provides readers with a sound foundation in this dynamic field Content: CLASSICAL CRYPTOLOGYAncient RootsCaveman CryptoGreek CryptographyViking CryptographyEarly SteganographyMonalphabetic Substitution Ciphers, or MASCs: Disguises for MessagesCaesar CipherOther MASC SystemsEdgar Allen PoeArthur Conan DoyleFrequency AnalysisBiblical CryptologyMore Frequencies and Pattern WordsVowel Recognition AlgorithmsMore MASCsCryptanalysis of a MASCUnsolved Ciphers by a Killer and a ComposerAffine CiphersMorse Code and Huffman CodingMASC MiscellaneaNomenclatorsCryptanalysis of NomenclatorsBook CodesSimple Progression to an Unbreakable CipherVigenere CipherHistory of the Vigenere CipherCryptanalysis of the Vigenere CipherKryptosAutokeysRunning Key Cipher and Its CryptoanalysisOne-Time Pad or Vernam CipherBreaking the UnbreakableFaking RandomnessUnsolved Cipher from 1915OTPs and the SOEHistory Rewritten!Transposition CiphersSimple Rearrangements and Columnar TranspositionCryptanalysis of Columnar TranspositionHistoric UsesAnagramsDouble TranspositionWord TranspositionTransposition DevicesShakespeare, Jefferson, and JFKShakespeare vs. BaconThomas Jefferson: President, CryptographerCipher Wheel CryptanalysisPlayfair CipherPlayfair CryptanalysisWorld War I and Herbert O. YardleyZimmermann TelegramADFGX: A New Kind of CipherCryptanalysis of ADFGXHerbert O. YardleyPeacetime Victory and a Tell-All BookCase of the Seized ManuscriptCashing in, AgainHerbert O. Yardley: TraitorCensorshipMatrix EncryptionLevine and HillHow Matrix Encryption WorksLevine's AttacksBauer and Millward's AttackMore Stories Left to TellWorld War II: The Enigma of GermanyRise of the MachinesHow Enigma WorksCalculating the KeyspaceCryptanalysis Part 1. Recovering the Rotor WiringsCryptanalysis Part 2. Recovering the Daily KeysAfter the BreakAlan Turing and Bletchley ParkLorenz Cipher and ColossusWhat If Enigma Had Never Been Broken?Endings and New BeginningsCryptologic War against JapanForewarning of Pearl Harbor?Friedman's Team AssemblesCryptanalysis of Red, a Japanese Diplomatic CipherPurple: How It WorksPurple CryptanalysisPractical MagicCode TalkersCode Talkers in HollywoodUse of Languages as Oral CodesMODERN CRYPTOLOGYClaude ShannonAbout Claude ShannonEntropyOne More TimeUnicity PointsDazed and ConfusedNational Security AgencyOrigins of NSATEMPESTSize and BudgetThe Liberty and the PuebloChurch Committee InvestigationsPost Cold War DownsizingSome Speculation2000 and BeyondInterviewing with NSABRUSA, UKUSA, and EchelonData Encryption StandardHow DES WorksReactions to and Cryptanalysis of DESEFF vs. DESSecond ChanceInteresting FeatureModes of EncryptionBirth of Public Key CryptographyRevolutionary CryptologistDiffie-Hellman Key ExchangeRSA: Solution from MITGovernment Control of Cryptologic ResearchRSA Patented, Alice and Bob Born FreeAttacking RSAEleven Non-Factoring AttacksFactoring ChallengeTrial Division and the Sieve of Eratosthenes (ca. 284-204 BCE)Fermat's Factorization MethodEuler's Factorization MethodPollard's p - 1 AlgorithmDixon's AlgorithmPollard's Number Field SievePrimality Testing and Complexity TheorySome Facts about PrimesFermat Test (1640)Miller-Rabin TestDeterministic Tests for PrimalityComplexity Classes, P vs. NP, Probabilistic vs. DeterministicRalph Merkle's Public Key SystemsKnapsack EncryptionElGamal EncryptionAuthenticityProblem from World War IIDigital Signatures (and Some Attacks)Hash Functions: Speeding Things UpDigital Signature AlgorithmPretty Good PrivacyBest of Both WorldsBirth of PGPIn Zimmermann's Own WordsImpact of PGPImplementation IssuesStream CiphersCongruential GeneratorsLinear Feedback Shift RegistersLFSR AttackThe Cellphone Stream Cipher A5/1RC4Suite B All-StarsElliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)Personalities behind ECCAdvanced Encryption Standard (AES)AES AttacksPossible FuturesQuantum Cryptography: How It WorksQuantum Cryptography: Historical BackgroundDNA ComputingIndexReferences and Further Reading appear at the end of each chapter. Annotation Winner of an Outstanding Academic Title Award from CHOICE Magazine Most available cryptology books primarily focus on either mathematics or history. Breaking this mold, Secret History: The Story of Cryptology gives a thorough yet accessible treatment of both the mathematics and history of cryptology. Requiring minimal mathematical prerequisites, the book presents the mathematics in sufficient detail and weaves the history throughout the chapters. In addition to the fascinating historical and political sides of cryptology, the author--a former Scholar-in-Residence at the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) Center for Cryptologic History--includes interesting instances of codes and ciphers in crime, literature, music, and art. Following a mainly chronological development of concepts, the book focuses on classical cryptology in the first part. It covers Greek and Viking cryptography, the Vigenère cipher, the one-time pad, transposition ciphers, Jefferson's cipher wheel, the Playfair cipher, ADFGX, matrix encryption, World War II cipher systems (including a detailed examination of Enigma), and many other classical methods introduced before World War II. The second part of the book examines modern cryptology. The author looks at the work of Claude Shannon and the origin and current status of the NSA, including some of its Suite B algorithms such as elliptic curve cryptography and the Advanced Encryption Standard. He also details the controversy that surrounded the Data Encryption Standard and the early years of public key cryptography. The book not only provides the how-to of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and RSA algorithm, but also covers many attacks on the latter. Additionally, it discusses Elgamal, digital signatures, PGP, and stream ciphers and explores future directions such as quantum cryptography and DNA computing. With numerous real-world examples and extensive references, this book skillfully balances the historical aspects of cryptology with its mathematical details. It provides readers with a sound foundation in this dynamic field ""Secret History is a highly recommended purchase to be considered by those with a serious interest in both the history and the 'nuts and bolts' of modem-day codes and ciphers. lt is both a work of pedagogy, along with its various exercises linked to individual chapters accessible via a linked website, and an interesting and exciting 'read' for anyone with a serious interest in the subject of today's cryptology and its history.""-The Cryptogram, 2014""The book presents a wonderful story of the development of this field. It is written more like a novel than like your traditional textbook, but i Front Cover; Contents; Note to the Reader; Introduction; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1 - Ancient Roots; Chapter 2 - Monalphabetic Substitution Ciphers, or MASCs: Disguises for Messages; Chapter 3 - Simple Progression to an Unbreakable Cipher; Chapter 4 - Transposition Ciphers; Chapter 5 - Shakespeare, Jefferson, and JFK; Chapter 6 - World War I and Herbert O. Yardley; Chapter 7 - Matrix Encryption; Chapter 8 - World War II: The Enigma of Germany; Chapter 9 - Cryptologic War against Japan; Chapter 10 - Claude Shannon; Chapter 11 - National Security Agency; Chapter 12 - Data Encryption Standard Chapter 13 - Birth of Public Key CryptographyChapter 14 - Attacking RSA; Chapter 15 - Primality Testing and Complexity Theory; Chapter 16 - Authenticity; Chapter 17 - Pretty Good Privacy; Chapter 18 - Stream Ciphers; Chapter 19 - Suite B All-Stars; Chapter 20 - Possible Futures; Back Cover