Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century (Cass Series: Naval Policy and History)

This is the fourth, revised and updated, edition of Geoffrey Till's Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-first Century . The rise of the Chinese and other Asian navies, worsening quarrels over maritime jurisdiction and the United States’ maritime pivot towards the Asia-Pacific region reminds us that the sea has always been central to human development as a source of resources, and as a means of transportation, information-exchange and strategic dominion. It has provided the basis for mankind's prosperity and security, and this is even more true in the early twenty-first century, with the emergence of an increasingly globalised world trading system. Navies have always provided a way of policing, and sometimes exploiting, the system. In contemporary conditions, navies, and other forms of maritime power, are having to adapt, in order to exert the maximum power ashore in the company of others and to expand the range of their interests, activities and responsibilities. While these new tasks are developing fast, traditional ones still predominate. Deterrence remains the first duty of today’s navies, backed up by the need to ‘fight and win’ if necessary. How navies and their states balance these two imperatives will tell us a great deal about our future in this increasingly maritime century. This book investigates the consequences of all this for the developing nature, composition and functions of all the world's significant navies, and provides a guide for anyone interested in the changing and crucial role of seapower in the twenty-first century. Seapower is essential reading for all students of naval power, maritime security and naval history, and highly recommended for students of strategic studies, international security and international relations. Cover 1 Title 6 Copyright 7 Contents 8 List of illustrations 12 Preface 14 Abbreviations 16 1 In search of seapower 20 1.1 Introduction: the maritime case 20 1.2 Explaining success: the four attributes of the sea 24 1.3 Defining seapower 43 1.4 Shifting attitudes towards the sea 46 2 Seapower in a globalising world: alternative futures 55 2.1 Introduction: seapower and globalisation 56 2.2 The modern competitive navy 64 2.3 The post-modern collaborative navy 67 2.4 Enablers and choices 73 2.5 Modern/post-modern compromises 75 3 Who said what and why it matters 80 3.1 The value of theory in maritime operations 80 3.2 On types of theory 82 3.3 The early development of theory 88 3.4 Mahan and the bluewater tendency 92 3.5 Corbett and the maritime tradition 98 3.6 Alternative visions in maritime strategy 110 3.7 Operational art and modern maritime theory 115 3.8 Present and future challenges 121 4 The constituents of seapower 129 4.1 Introduction 129 4.2 Identifying the constituents of seapower 130 4.3 Maritime people, society and government 130 4.4 Maritime geography 134 4.5 Resources 141 4.6 A maritime economy 145 4.7 Seapower via other domains 151 4.8 Doctrine and understanding 162 5 Navies and technology 166 5.1 Introduction 166 5.2 Classifying navies 166 5.3 Estimating relative effectiveness 169 5.4 Navies and technology: introduction 173 5.5 Platforms 173 5.6 Systems, weapons and sensors 181 5.7 An information revolution? 183 5.8 The challenge of transformational technology 189 5.9 A strategy for innovation 190 5.10 Navies and technology: summary and conclusions 196 6 Command of the sea and sea control 202 6.1 Introduction 202 6.2 The traditional concept 203 6.3 Limits and qualifications 204 6.4 A concept subject to interpretation 208 6.5 Sea denial 212 6.6 Notional responses 215 6.7 Conclusions 216 7 Securing sea control 219 7.1 Introduction 219 7.2 Securing sea control by other means 219 7.3 Securing sea control: the operational approach 220 7.4 Decisive battle 221 7.5 Forms and styles of decisive battle 226 7.6 How to achieve a decisive victory 230 7.7 Contemporary forms and concepts of battle 233 7.8 The fleet-in-being/naval-defensive approach 237 7.9 The fleet blockade 243 8 Exploiting command of the sea: the control of maritime communications 251 8.1 Maritime communications: the need for a bigger map 251 8.2 Attacking maritime communications 255 8.3 Defending maritime communications 260 8.4 Contemporary relevance? 264 9 Exploiting command of the sea: operations from the sea 269 9.1 Introduction: operations from the sea 269 9.2 Maritime power projection: definitions 269 9.3 Maritime power projection: aims 271 9.4 Amphibious operations 274 9.5 Operational manoeuvre from the sea 281 9.6 Sea-based strategic missile attack of the shore 287 9.7 Defence against maritime power projection 288 9.8 Maritime power projection: conclusions 295 10 Expeditionary operations 297 10.1 Introduction and characteristics 297 10.2 Expeditionary operations: the maritime dimension 300 10.3 Staging a sea-based expedition: the maritime requirements 304 10.4 Maritime capacity building 318 10.5 Humanitarian assistance and disaster response 319 11 Maintaining good order at sea: maritime security at home and away, challenges 325 11.1 Introduction: a re-naming of parts? 325 11.2 Good order at sea and maritime security 326 11.3 Navies and coastguards in defence of the sea as a stock resource 328 11.4 Navies and coastguards in defence of the sea as a means of transportation – a flow resource 334 11.5 Navies and coastguards in defence of the sea as a physical environment 343 11.6 Navies and coastguards in defence of the sea as an area of sovereignty and dominion 346 12 Maintaining good order at sea: maritime security at home and away, responses 355 12.1 Scaling the threat 355 12.2 Generic enforcement problems 357 12.3 Good order at sea: general requirements 359 12.4 Good order at sea: implications for navies 374 13 Naval diplomacy 379 13.1 Coverage of naval diplomacy in the literature: who said what? 379 13.2 The diplomatic value of naval power 382 13.3 The range and extent of naval diplomacy 384 13.4 Naval presence 387 13.5 Naval picture-building 393 13.6 Naval coercion 394 13.7 Collaborative naval diplomacy and coalition-building 404 13.8 Naval diplomacy: implications for strategy-makers and planners 409 14 Generating maritime power 417 14.1 Making maritime policy: tier 1 421 14.2 Deciding resources and setting maritime strategy: tier 2 423 14.3 Deciding military support: tier 3 427 14.4 Deciding and delivering naval support: tier 4 432 14.5 Conclusions 437 Bibliography 444 Index 465 This Is The Fourth, Revised And Updated, Edition Of Geoffrey Till's Seapower: A Guide For The 21st Century. The Rise Of The Chinese And Other Asian Navies, Worsening Quarrels Over Maritime Jurisdiction And The United States' Maritime Pivot Towards The Asia-pacific Region Reminds Us That The Sea Has Always Been Central To Human Development As A Source Of Resources, And As A Means Of Transportation, Information-exchange And Strategic Dominion. It Has Provided The Basis For Mankind's Prosperity And Security, And This Is Even More True In The Early 21st Century, With The Emergence Of An Increasingly Globalized World Trading System. Navies Have Always Provided A Way Of Policing, And Sometimes Exploiting, The System. In Contemporary Conditions, Navies, And Other Forms Of Maritime Power, Are Having To Adapt, In Order To Exert The Maximum Power Ashore In The Company Of Others And To Expand The Range Of Their Interests, Activities And Responsibilities. While These New Tasks Are Developing Fast, Traditional Ones Still Predominate. Deterrence Remains The First Duty Of Today's Navies, Backed Up By The Need To 'fight And Win' If Necessary. How Navies And Their States Balance These Two Imperatives Will Tell Us A Great Deal About Our Future In This Increasingly Maritime Century. This Book Investigates The Consequences Of All This For The Developing Nature, Composition And Functions Of All The World's Significant Navies, And Provides A Guide For Anyone Interested In The Changing And Crucial Role Of Seapower In The 21st Century. Seapower Is Essential Reading For All Students Of Naval Power, Maritime Security And Naval History, And Highly Recommended For Students Of Strategic Studies, International Security And International Relations.--provided By Publisher. In Search Of Seapower -- Seapower In A Globalising World: Alternative Futures -- Who Said What And Why It Matters -- The Constituents Of Maritime Power -- Navies And Technology -- Command Of The Sea And Sea Control -- Securing Sea Control -- Exploiting Command Of The Sea: The Defence And Attack Of Trade -- Exploiting Command Of The Sea: Operations From The Sea -- Expeditionary Operations -- Maintaining Good Order At Sea: Maritime Security At Home And Away, Challenges -- Maintaining Good Order At Sea: Maritime Security At Home And Away, Responses -- Naval Diplomacy -- Generating Maritime Power. Geoffrey Till. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 425-445) And Index.