رسانه‌های تصویری: تحلیل فیلم و تلویزیون

Presenting a manner of thinking “on both sides of the screen,” this review offers screen enthusiasts the analytical and theoretical vocabulary required to articulate responses to film and television. It provides guidelines for developing the skills to understand and analyze how and why a screen text was shot, scored, and edited in a particular way, as well as for considering what impact those production choices might have on the audience. Production techniques and approaches to screen analysis are presented in a historical context. Other topics discussed include recent technological developments; the implications of increasing convergence of film and television technologies; and the aesthetics, narrative, realism, genre, celebrity, and cult media of global screen culture. Featuring extensive international examples, this is an ideal introduction to critical engagement with film and television. Part Title......Page 1 Title Page......Page 3 Contents......Page 5 Acknowledgments......Page 9 Introduction: Thinking on both sides of the screen......Page 11 Digital technology and convergence......Page 13 Organisation of the book......Page 16 Outline of the book......Page 17 1 By design: Art direction mise en scène......Page 23 Mise en scène......Page 24 Costume......Page 29 Setting......Page 32 Action......Page 39 Lighting......Page 45 Camera position, framing and composition......Page 48 Key skills......Page 50 2 Cinematography: Writing in light and movement......Page 53 Camera position......Page 56 Camera movement......Page 65 Lenses and focal properties......Page 69 Conclusion......Page 83 Key skills......Page 84 3 Soundscapes: The invisible magic of sound......Page 87 Distinctions between film and television sound......Page 88 Music......Page 93 Dialogue......Page 97 Sound effects......Page 102 Conclusion......Page 111 Key skills......Page 112 The role of the editor......Page 115 Editing for multiple camera shoots......Page 119 Television editing......Page 121 Editing and narrative structure......Page 123 Point of view......Page 124 Continuity editing......Page 125 Montage-style editing......Page 136 Sound transitions......Page 139 Editing action sequences......Page 141 Conclusion......Page 143 Key skills......Page 145 5 Plotting and planning: Storytelling and reviewing techniques......Page 147 Synopses and scene breakdowns......Page 148 Treatments......Page 152 Scripts......Page 154 Shooting scripts and storyboards......Page 161 Film reviewing......Page 168 Conclusions......Page 173 Key skills......Page 174 Contemporary film narratives......Page 177 Classical narration......Page 179 Story and plot......Page 182 Structuralism......Page 183 Complex narrative structures......Page 190 Television and narrative structure'......Page 194 Digital game narratives......Page 201 Narrative convergence......Page 202 Conclusion......Page 204 Key skills......Page 205 7 Reality and realism: Seeing is believing......Page 207 Realism and codes of representation in film and television......Page 209 Documentary......Page 212 Mockumentary film and television......Page 218 Realist film movements......Page 219 Reality television......Page 227 The ethics of style and the spectacle of the real......Page 232 Key skills......Page 235 8 Genre: 'Something new based on something familiar'......Page 239 What is 'genre'?......Page 240 Differences in medium: Genre in film and television......Page 250 Key approaches to studying genre......Page 252 Applying genre analysis: Grey's Anatomy......Page 261 Conclusion......Page 264 Key skills......Page 265 9 Star struck: Fandom and the discourse celebrity......Page 267 History......Page 269 What are 'stars' and 'celebrities'?......Page 271 Audiences, indentification and fandom......Page 278 Key approaches to studying stars and celebrity......Page 283 Conclusion......Page 290 Key skills......Page 293 10 Skating the edge: Cult media and the (inter)active audience......Page 295 Approaches to cult media: Texts, audiences, industry......Page 297 Cult film......Page 299 Cult television......Page 301 Theories of spectatorship......Page 308 Audience research......Page 312 Technological developments......Page 317 Industry and institutions......Page 318 Conclusion......Page 321 Key skills......Page 322 11 The crowded screen: Transcultural influences and new directions in visual culture......Page 325 Hybridity: Theorising generic combination and transformation......Page 326 Characterisation, ideology, and social change......Page 329 Postfeminism and action cinema heroines......Page 332 Postmodern characteristics of screen culture......Page 338 Globalisation and screen culture......Page 347 New directions in screen culture......Page 352 Conclusion......Page 353 Key skills......Page 354 Glossary......Page 355 Bibliography......Page 376 Film credits......Page 387 Television credits......Page 392 Index......Page 397 Analysing Film and Television Part Title 1 Title Page 3 Contents 5 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction: Thinking on both sides of the screen 11 Digital technology and convergence 13 Organisation of the book 16 Outline of the book 17 1 By design: Art direction mise en scène 23 Mise en scène 24 Costume 29 Setting 32 Action 39 Lighting 45 Camera position, framing and composition 48 Conclusion 50 Key skills 50 2 Cinematography: Writing in light and movement 53 Camera position 56 Camera movement 65 Lenses and focal properties 69 Conclusion 83 Key skills 84 3 Soundscapes: The invisible magic of sound 87 Distinctions between film and television sound 88 Ambience 93 Music 93 Dialogue 97 Sound effects 102 Conclusion 111 Key skills 112 4 At the dge of the cut: Editing from continuity to montage 115 The role of the editor 115 Editing for multiple camera shoots 119 Television editing 121 Editing and narrative structure 123 Point of view 124 Continuity editing 125 Montage-style editing 136 Sound transitions 139 Editing action sequences 141 Conclusion 143 Key skills 145 5 Plotting and planning: Storytelling and reviewing techniques 147 Synopses and scene breakdowns 148 Treatments 152 Scripts 154 Shooting scripts and storyboards 161 Film reviewing 168 Conclusions 173 Key skills 174 6 Screen narratives: Traditions and trends 177 Contemporary film narratives 177 Classical narration 179 Story and plot 182 Structuralism 183 Complex narrative structures 190 Television and narrative structure' 194 Digital game narratives 201 Narrative convergence 202 Conclusion 204 Key skills 205 7 Reality and realism: Seeing is believing 207 Realism and codes of representation in film and television 209 Documentary 212 Mockumentary film and television 218 Realist film movements 219 Reality television 227 The ethics of style and the spectacle of the real 232 Conclusion 235 Key skills 235 8 Genre: 'Something new based on something familiar' 239 What is 'genre'? 240 Differences in medium: Genre in film and television 250 Key approaches to studying genre 252 Applying genre analysis: Grey's Anatomy 261 Conclusion 264 Key skills 265 9 Star struck: Fandom and the discourse celebrity 267 History 269 What are 'stars' and 'celebrities'? 271 Audiences, indentification and fandom 278 Key approaches to studying stars and celebrity 283 Conclusion 290 Key skills 293 10 Skating the edge: Cult media and the (inter)active audience 295 Approaches to cult media: Texts, audiences, industry 297 Cult film 299 Cult television 301 Theories of spectatorship 308 Audience research 312 Technological developments 317 Industry and institutions 318 Conclusion 321 Key skills 322 11 The crowded screen: Transcultural influences and new directions in visual culture 325 Hybridity: Theorising generic combination and transformation 326 Characterisation, ideology, and social change 329 Postfeminism and action cinema heroines 332 Postmodern characteristics of screen culture 338 Globalisation and screen culture 347 New directions in screen culture 352 Conclusion 353 Key skills 354 Glossary 355 Bibliography 376 Film credits 387 Game credits 392 Television credits 392 Index 397 Traditionally Books On Film Or Media Studies Address Either Film Or Television, Rarely Treating Them Together. Screen Media Follows The Increasing Tendency In Tertiary Teaching To See Film And Television As Part Of A Broader Field Of Screen Studies. Using Wide Ranging International Examples, And By Making Clear The Links Between Screen Theory And Creative Practice, It Offers Undergraduate Students The Analytical And Theoretical Vocabulary They Need To Articulate Their Ideas About Film And Television. Topics Covered Include The Historical Emergence Of Screen Media And The Particularly Modern Idea Of Seeing As Believing', The Commodification Of Screen Media And Its Role In Mediating Between Individual And Society; Comparisons And Contrasts Between The Technical And Analytical Conventions Of Both Media Forms; Screenwriting, Narrative Structure, And Genre; And The Context Of Reception And The Nature Of Audience Responses To Various Screen Texts. Including Chapter Summaries, Discussion Questions, And Suggestions For Further Reading, Screen Media Is An Ideal Introduction For Undergraduate Students To Critical Engagement With Film And Television--publisher. Introduction. Thinking On Both Sides Of The Screen -- 1. By Design : Art Direction And Mise En Scène Construction -- 2. Cinematography : Writing In Light And Movement -- 3. Soundscapes : The Invisible Magic Of Sound -- 4. At The Edge Of The Cut : Editing From Continuity To Montage -- 5. Plotting And Planning : Storytelling And Reviewing Techniques -- 6. Screen Narratives : Traditions And Trends -- 7. Reality And Realism : Seeing Is Believing -- 8. Genre : 'someting New Based On Something Familiar' / Kelly Mcwilliam -- 9. Star Struck : Fandom And The Discourse Of Celebrity / Kelly Mcwilliam -- 10. Skating The Edge : Cult Media And The (inter)active Audience -- 11. The Crowded Screen : Transcultural Influences And New Directions In Visual Culture -- Glossary. Jane Stadler And Kelly Mcwilliam. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 354-370) And Index. Screen Media offers screen enthusiasts the analytical and theoretical vocabulary required to articulate responses to film and television. The authors emphasise the importance of'thinking on both sides of the screen'. They show how to develop the skills to understand and analyse how and why a screen text was shot, scored, and edited in a particular way, and then to consider what impact those production choices might have on the audience.Stadler and McWilliam set production techniques and approaches to screen analysis in historical context. They demystify technological developments and explain the implications of increasing convergence of film and television technologies. They also discuss aesthetics, narrative, realism, genre, celebrity, cult media and global screen culture. Throughout they highlight the links between screen theory and creative practice.With extensive international examples, Screen Media is an ideal introduction to critical engagement with film and television.'Screen Media offers a systematic approach to film and television analysis. The examples chosen by the authors are both appropriate and timely, and are presented in a very lively and readable form that will appeal to an international readership.'- Rebecca L. Abbott, Professor of Film, Video + Interactive Media, Quinnipiac University, USA An introduction to film and television analysis for students that shows how to hone their powers of observation and provides the vocabulary they need to articulate what they see. Screen Media offers screen enthusiasts the analytical and theoretical vocabulary required to articulate responses to film and television. The authors emphasise the importance of 'thinking on both sides of the screen'. They show how to develop the skills to understand and analyse how and why a screen text was shot, scored, and edited in a particular way, and then to consider what impact those production choices might have on the audience. Stadler and McWilliam set production techniques and approaches to screen analysis in historical context. They demystify technological developments and explain the implications of increasing convergence of film and television technologies. They also discuss aesthetics, narrative, realism, genre, celebrity, cult media and global screen culture. Throughout they highlight the links between screen theory and creative practice. With extensive international examples, Screen Media is an ideal introduction to critical engagement with film and television.