Science with Large Millimetre Arrays: Proceedings of the ESO-IRAM-NFRA-Onsala Workshop, Held at Garching, Germany 11–13 December 1995 (ESO Astrophysics Symposia)

The next major step in millimetre astronomy, and one of the highest-priority items in radio astronomy today, is a very large millimetre array. It will be the millimetre counterpart of the Hubble Space telescope and the new optical telescopes currently under construction, such as ESOs Very Large Telescope. As such it will produce a wide range of important scientific results in all areas of modern astrophysics, particularly cosmology and the origins of galaxies, stars, and planets. This book summarizes the exciting science that will become possible, ranging from the most distant and earliest galaxies to the chemistry and physics of star and planet formation. There are also a number of papers on the European concept and project for a large millimetre array in the southern hemisphere. Front Matter....Pages I-XVII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Millimetre Astronomy in the 21st Century....Pages 3-15 A 10000m 2 Southern MM Array....Pages 16-29 Front Matter....Pages 31-31 The nature and observability of protogalaxies....Pages 33-42 Observability of Early Evolutionary Phases of Galaxies at mm Wavelengths....Pages 43-50 Studying High Redshift Starburst Galaxies with a Large (Sub)millimetre Array....Pages 51-60 Deep Surveys with a Large Submillimetre Array....Pages 61-69 The LSA and Galaxy Surveys....Pages 70-73 The LSA and Gravitational Lensing....Pages 74-77 Primordial Molecules....Pages 78-81 1.3 mm Detection and Mapping of Radioquiet QSOs at Very High z....Pages 82-85 Molecular Lines in Absorption (and Emission) From Distant Galaxies and Quasars....Pages 86-94 Millimeter-VLBI with a Large Millimeter-Array: Future Possibilities....Pages 95-102 The variable microwave continuum of radio-loud AGN....Pages 103-107 Millimeter Radiation from Normal Galaxies and AGN....Pages 108-113 Submillimetre Observations of Low Ionization BAL Quasars....Pages 114-116 Dynamical Studies of Spiral Galaxies....Pages 117-124 Kinematics and Distribution of Molecular Gas in Galaxy Nuclei....Pages 125-132 Star Formation and Molecular-Gas Dynamics in Galaxies with the Nobeyama Array and LSA....Pages 133-136 Radio Recombination Lines from External Galaxies....Pages 137-143 Molecular gas in early-type galaxies....Pages 144-153 Front Matter....Pages 31-31 Magellanic Cloud Studies with Large mm Arrays....Pages 154-163 Will the LSA detect continuum or line emission from AGB stars in the LMC ?....Pages 164-167 High-resolution Submm and MIR imaging of the central parsec of the Milky Way....Pages 168-172 New evidence for interaction of a molecular cloud/HII region with the G359.54+0.18 nonthermal filaments....Pages 173-176 Galactic Molecular Clouds....Pages 177-184 Millimeter-wave absorption spectroscopy of molecular clouds....Pages 185-192 Astrochemistry....Pages 193-201 Abundance and Origin of Galactic Water....Pages 202-205 Interferometric Observations of Sagittarius B2: Evidence for Grain Chemistry....Pages 206-209 A hot ring in the Sgr B2 molecular cloud....Pages 210-213 High-density filaments in the photodissociation region (PDR) associated with NGC 7023....Pages 214-217 Searching for Star Formation Regions....Pages 218-221 Infrared and mm Data for class I candidates....Pages 222-225 Observations of Young Stellar Objects with Large Millimeter-wave Arrays....Pages 226-234 Protoplanetary Disks....Pages 235-242 Observations of bipolar molecular outflows with large millimeter arrays....Pages 243-250 Accretion and outflow in a protostellar system in Corona Australis....Pages 251-255 Masers at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths....Pages 256-263 Millimeter Recombination Lines from Dense Envelopes Around Young Stars....Pages 264-267 Millimeter Continuum Observations of Stars....Pages 268-275 Front Matter....Pages 31-31 AGB star envelopes as probes of stellar evolution and time-dependent chemistry....Pages 276-285 CO observations of short period Miras....Pages 286-289 Planetary Nebulae....Pages 290-297 Supernovae with the Large Southern Array....Pages 298-307 Study of planetary atmospheres....Pages 308-315 Asteroids and Comets: The Prospect for Observations with a Large Millimetre Array....Pages 316-325 An extension of the European Millimetre VLBI Network: Plans for a mm radiotelescope in Greece....Pages 326-329 Science with Large Millimetre Telescopes....Pages 330-333 Front Matter....Pages 335-335 The Synergy Between a Large Southern Array and the Very Large Telescope of ESO....Pages 337-339 A European Study Project for a Southern Millimetre Array....Pages 340-344 Large Southern Array: Feasibility....Pages 345-352 On the Imaging Efficiency, Speed, and Sensitivity of Millimetre Arrays....Pages 353-357 Site Survey for a Large Southern Array....Pages 358-364 Correction of Atmospheric Phase Fluctuations....Pages 365-370 Atmospheric Phase Correction Based on Sky Emission in the 210–248 GHz Band....Pages 371-374 Phase Correction Strategies for the Australia Telescope Compact Array at Short Wavelengths....Pages 375-379 Innovative Telescope Designs....Pages 380-386 Millimetre Receiver Technology for a Large Array....Pages 387-394 Correlator Developments for (sub)Millimeter Telescopes....Pages 395-401 Front Matter....Pages 403-403 Concluding Remarks....Pages 405-408 Back Matter....Pages 409-412 The next major step in millimetre astronomy, and one of the highest-priority items in radio astronomy today, is a large millimetre array with a collecting area 2 of up to 10 000 m. A project of this scale will almost certainly require inter­ national collaboration, at least within Europe, and possibly with other major partners elsewhere. In order to establish a focal point for this project within Europe, a study has been undertaken by the Institut de Radio Astronomie Mil­ Ii met rique (IRAM), the European Southern Observatory (ESO), The Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), and The Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy (NFRA). In the context of this project, a workshop attended by some 100 participants was held at ESO Garching on December 11-13, 1995 to discuss the scientific advances such an array will make possible. Throughout the three days of the workshop the strong enthusiasm for the concept of a large millimetre array in the southern hemisphere (the Large South­ ern Array, or LSA) was obvious, and it became clear that such a facility would have a profound impact on almost all areas of observational astrophysics. It was particularly clear that, since their main science drivers (cosmology, and the origins of galaxies, stars and planets) are the same, and their angular resolutions and sensitivities similar, the LSA and the VLT would strongly complement each other.