Science for cultural heritage : technological innovation and case studies in marine and land archaeology in the Adriatic region and inland : VII International Conference on Science, Arts and Culture : August 28-31, 2007, Veli Lošinj, Croatia

The aim of the conference was to discuss the contribution of physics and other sciences in archaeological research and in the preservation of cultural heritage. Considering that the mission of ECSAC is to promote the interaction among the diverse cultures of the peoples from the lands on the Adriatic and Ionian seas, it is apt that the major themes were related to the rich history and pre-history of this region from Greek-Roman archaeology on the eastern Adriatic coasts to the palaeoanthropology of the Neanderthals of the Vindija caves in Croatia, from the Roman city of Aquileia to the pleistocenic cave of Homo heidelbergensis in the Karst of Visogliano (Trieste), from the Roman ship Julia Felix of the Grado lagoon to the ancient bronze Apoxyomenos of the Veli Lo inj waters. A variety of scientific disciplines provide tools and methods that are crucial in reconstructing humanity's past and in preserving material remains that witness the evolution of human culture. Geology reconstructs the history of terrestrial environments, critical for the evolution and dispersal of humans. Chemistry explains reactions that modify materials left by human activities, including the destructive effects of pollution. Biology has a critical role in archaeology, particularly with the recent advance in analysis of DNA in ancient organic materials. Introduction......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 10 Program......Page 14 Archaeological and Archaeometric Data in the Study of the Athlete of Croatia M. Michelucci......Page 20 1. Introduction......Page 34 2. Ion beam analysis at RBI......Page 36 3. Example: Analysis of pigments at the ion microprobe......Page 38 References......Page 41 Introduction......Page 42 1.1. In Field EDXRF spectrometer......Page 43 2.1. Alloys composition......Page 44 2.2. Results of the superficial mapping with a EDXRF spectrometer......Page 47 References......Page 48 1. IBA methods......Page 50 2. Analysis of glass and ceramic materials......Page 51 3. Metals......Page 53 5. Differential measurements......Page 56 References......Page 57 In Situ Chemical Composition Analysis of Cultural Heritage Objects Using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D. Wegrzynek, E. Chinea-Cano, A. Markowicz, S. Bamford, G. Buzanich , P. Wobrauschek, Ch. Streli, M. Griesser, K. Uhlir and A. Mendoza-Cuevas......Page 60 2. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 61 3.1. Qualitative Analysis......Page 65 3.2. Quantitative Analysis......Page 67 4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 72 LITERATURE......Page 73 1. Introduction......Page 74 2.1. Multi-fold ground-penetrating radar (mgpr)......Page 76 2.3. Seismic tomography......Page 77 3.1. Test site A – Medinet Madi......Page 78 3.2. Test site B – Aquileia......Page 79 3.3. Test site C – Udine......Page 80 4. Results......Page 81 5. Conclusions......Page 84 References......Page 85 Thermoluminescence......Page 88 Detection of TL signal......Page 89 Thermoluminescence dating......Page 90 Dating applications......Page 91 Excavation archaeology......Page 92 Historical buildings......Page 93 Burnt flints......Page 94 Archaeological glasses......Page 95 Clay-cores......Page 96 Conclusions......Page 97 References......Page 98 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 104 2. FAN BEAM SYSTEM......Page 105 4. Micro-CT system......Page 107 5. Intensified tomographic system for medium-size objects.......Page 109 Transportable CT system for large objects.......Page 111 6. Conclusions......Page 116 7. REFERENCES......Page 117 1.1. Cosmic Rays from Galactic Space to Earth......Page 119 1.2. The Cosmic Rays detector......Page 120 1.3. Underground Radiography......Page 121 2.1. Underground Radiography in Aquileia......Page 122 References......Page 126 1. Why science & technology for cultural heritage?......Page 127 2. Some preliminary remarks......Page 128 3. Examination, characterisation, analysis of cultural heritage artefacts......Page 130 5. Conclusion......Page 131 References......Page 132 Presentation of DEMGOL: Online Etymological Dictionary of Greek Mythology E. Pellizer......Page 144 1. Foreword......Page 150 2. The point......Page 151 3.1.1. Archaeological Research nowadays: the example of the Etruscan Sanctuary of Poggio Colla-Vicchio (Firenze).......Page 153 3.1.2. Il Cantiere della Navi di Pisa e Centro di Restauro del Legno Bagnato (“Pisa Ancient Ships Yard and Restoration Centre of Waterlogged Wood”).......Page 154 3.2. The Restoration Laboratory at Aquileia.......Page 155 3.4. The Restoration System.......Page 156 1. Introduction......Page 158 2. Geodynamic setting......Page 160 4. Materials and Methods......Page 161 5.1. Geomorphological markers......Page 164 5.2.1. Stramare (Muggia, Trieste)......Page 165 5.2.3. Jernejeva Draga/San Bartolomeo (Ankaran, Slovenia)......Page 166 5.2.5. Savudrija/Salvore (Croatia)......Page 167 6. Data......Page 168 7. Discussion......Page 170 References......Page 172 1. Introduction......Page 183 3. Multispectral non-destructive analyses......Page 184 3.1. History of the painting......Page 185 3.2. Results of the multispectral analysis......Page 186 4. The multimedia database system......Page 187 References......Page 190 1. Introduction......Page 191 2. Taxonomic definition......Page 192 3. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations......Page 194 4. How to become a palaeoclimatologist?......Page 196 6. Final considerations......Page 197 References......Page 198 Acknowledgments......Page 199 1. Introduction and motivation......Page 206 2. Development of an operational scheme......Page 207 2.1. ROV and sensory apparatus......Page 208 2.2. Data acquisition......Page 209 2.3. Data association and processing......Page 210 3. Conclusions......Page 211 References......Page 212 2. Characterisation of cultural heritage materials......Page 214 3. Dating......Page 215 4. Accelerator microanalysis......Page 216 4.1. Ion beam analysis......Page 217 4.2. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry......Page 218 5. X-ray analysis......Page 219 6. Neutron analysis......Page 220 7.1. Works of art......Page 221 7.2.2 The Iron Crown......Page 223 7.2.3 Donatello’s glue......Page 224 7.2.4 The conquest of Peru......Page 225 7.3. Prehistory and human evolution......Page 226 References......Page 227 The 14C Contribution to the Protohistory of Friuli (North-Eastern Italy) P. Càssola Guida......Page 230 REFERENCES......Page 237 1. Introduction......Page 245 2. Basic archaeological and archaeometrical data on shaft-holed axes......Page 246 3. Serpentinite shaft-holed axes in the Eastern Alps: materials and methods......Page 248 4. Preliminary test by X-ray computed microtomography......Page 250 References......Page 254 CAT Scanning......Page 257 The Results......Page 258 References......Page 265 ANGLE Software for Semiconductor Detector Gamma-Efficiency Calculations and Possibilities for Its Applications to Cultural Heritage Objects Characterization S. Jovanovic and A. Dlabac......Page 266 Introduction......Page 267 References......Page 276 1. Raymond Dart and Taung......Page 277 2. Thomas Dreyer and Florisbad......Page 279 3. Sergio Sergi and the Italian Neandertals......Page 280 4. Ralph Koenigswald and “Java man”......Page 281 5. Franz Weidenreich and "Peking Man"......Page 285 6. The attitude towards ownership today......Page 286 8.1. Java, Indonesia.......Page 287 9.2. East Africa......Page 289 9.3. North Africa......Page 290 10. Loss during repatriation......Page 291 11. Le Moustier and Combe Capelle skeletons, problematical european repatriations......Page 292 12. Conclusions......Page 294 References......Page 296 Archaeological and archaeometric data in the study of the athlete of Croatia / M. Michelucci -- Ion beam techniques for analysis of cultural heritage objects : collaboration between the Ruder Bos̮ković Institute and the Croatian Conservation Institute / S. Fazinić [und weitere] -- Study by mobile non-destructive testing of the bronze statue of the "Satiro" of Marsala / G. Guida [und weitere] -- Archaeometric Measurements with PIXE in Slovenia / Z̮. S̮mit -- In situ chemical composition analysis of cultural heritage objects using portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry / D. Wegrzynek [und weitere] -- Integrated geophysical techniques for the high-resolution study of archaeological sites / M. Pipan and E. Forte -- Thermoluminescence dating and cultural heritage / M. Martini and E. Sibilia -- New x-ray digital radiography and computed tomography for cultural heritage / F. Casali [und weitere] -- Cosmic rays for archaeology / G. Giannini -- Some examples of examination, characterisation, analysis & conservation techniques dedicated to archaeological artefacts / J.L. Boutaine -- Presentation of DEMGOL : online etymological dictionary of Greek mythology / E. Pellizer -- Building up an archaeological restoration & conservation department in Friuli-Venezia Giulia / F. Lo Schiavo -- Relative sea level changes by using archaeological markers : the INTERREG Italia-Slovenia Project "Alto Adriatico" / S. Furlani, F. Antonioli and R. Auriemma -- Digitization and multispectral analysis of artistic objects : exemplary cases and web documentation / G. Maino and S. Massari -- Actuopalaeontology : a polyfunctional tool for archaeology / G. Bressan [und weitere] -- Robotics tools for underwater archaeology / G. Conte [und weitere] -- Accelerators and radiation for art and archaeology / C. Tuniz -- The [symbol]C contribution to the protohistory of Friuli (North-Eastern Italy) / P. Càssola Guida -- Serpentinite shaft-holed axes in the Caput Adriae : preliminary results and perspectives based on x-ray computerized microtomography / F. Bernardini [und weitere] -- Mummies - a special report results of CAT scan analyses of Egyptian mummies in the Civico Museo di Storia ed Arte of Trieste / M.V. Torlo -- ANGLE software for semiconductor detector gamma-efficiency calculations and possibilities for its applications to cultural heritage objects characterization / S. Jovanovic and A. Dlabac -- Hominid fossils as universal and national cultural heritage : an essay on past and present attitudes towards the ownership of hominid fossils and the question of repatriation / P.V. Tobias The Aim Of The Conference Was To Discuss The Contribution Of Physics And Other Sciences In Archaeological Research And In The Preservation Of Cultural Heritage. Considering That The Mission Of Ecsac Is To Promote The Interaction Among The Diverse Cultures Of The Peoples From The Lands On The Adriatic And Ionian Seas, It Is Apt That The Major Themes Were Related To The Rich History And Pre-history Of This Region - From Greek-roman Archaeology On The Eastern Adriatic Coasts To The Palaeoanthropology Of The Neanderthals Of The Vindija Caves In Croatia, From The Roman City Of Aquileia To The Pleistocenic Cave Of Homo Heidelbergensis In The Karst Of Visogliano (trieste), From The Roman Ship Julia Felix Of The Grado Lagoon To The Ancient Bronze Apoxyomenos Of The Veli Loscaron;inj Waters. A Variety Of Scientific Disciplines Provide Tools And Methods That Are Crucial In Reconstructing Humanity's Past And In Preserving Material Remains That Witness The Evolution Of Human Culture. Geology Reconstructs The History Of Terrestrial Environments, Critical For The Evolution And Dispersal Of Humans. Chemistry Explains Reactions That Modify Materials Left By Human Activities, Including The Destructive Effects Of Pollution. Biology Has A Critical Role In Archaeology, Particularly With The Recent Advance In Analysis Of Dna In Ancient Organic Materials. The aim of the conference was to discuss the contribution of physics and other sciences in archaeological research and in the preservation of cultural heritage. Considering that the mission of ECSAC is to promote the interaction among the diverse cultures of the peoples from the lands on the Adriatic and Ionian seas, it is apt that the major themes were related to the rich history and pre-history of this region — from Greek-Roman archaeology on the eastern Adriatic coasts to the palaeoanthropology of the Neanderthals of the Vindija caves in Croatia, from the Roman city of Aquileia to the pleistocenic cave of Homo heidelbergensis in the Karst of Visogliano (Trieste), from the Roman ship Julia Felix of the Grado lagoon to the ancient bronze Apoxyomenos of the Veli Lošinj waters.A variety of scientific disciplines provide tools and methods that are crucial in reconstructing humanity's past and in preserving material remains that witness the evolution of human culture. Geology reconstructs the history of terrestrial environments, critical for the evolution and dispersal of humans. Chemistry explains reactions that modify materials left by human activities, including the destructive effects of pollution. Biology has a critical role in archaeology, particularly with the recent advance in analysis of DNA in ancient organic materials. Geology reconstructs the history of terrestrial environments, critical for the evolution and dispersal of humans. The aim of the conference was to discuss the contribution of physics and other sciences in archaeological research and in the preservation of cultural heritage.