Science and conservation in African forests : the benefits of long-term research

Forests need apes as much as the apes need the forests. They are the gardeners of the forest - keystone species in the ecology of African and Southeast Asian forests, dispersing seeds, creating light gaps and pruning branch-tips whilst feeding. Their habitat comprises two of the planet's three major tropical forest blocks that are essential for global climate regulation. But the economic pressures that are destroying ape habitats are much greater than current available conservation finance. This unique case study from the Kibale national park illustrates how biological research has had diverse consequences for conservation. It examines effects on habitat management, community relations, ecotourism and training. Lessons learned from this project over the last 20 years will inspire researchers and conservationists to work together to promote biodiversity through field projects. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 11 Foreword......Page 15 Preface......Page 21 Acknowledgments......Page 23 1 Why the link between long-term research and conservation is a case worth making......Page 25 AIMS......Page 26 THREATS TO THE TROPICAL FORESTS......Page 29 THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF FIELD STATIONS......Page 31 REFERENCES......Page 32 INTRODUCTION......Page 33 RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT IN THE PROTECTED AREAS......Page 34 HOW HAVE WE USED RESEARCH INFORMATION WITHIN OUR PLANNING EFFORTS?......Page 36 SUMMARY......Page 38 INTRODUCTION......Page 39 RESEARCH IN SAVANNAS......Page 41 RESEARCH IN FORESTS......Page 43 WHERE RESEARCH HAS CHANGED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES......Page 44 Savanna research......Page 45 Forest research......Page 46 SUMMARY......Page 47 REFERENCES......Page 48 INTRODUCTION......Page 51 KIBALE NATIONAL PARK (KNP)......Page 52 CONSERVATION FROM RESEARCH......Page 53 Duikers and elephants in Kibale......Page 55 CONSERVATION LESSONS: AIDS TO EFFECTIVE PARK CONSERVATION......Page 57 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 60 REFERENCES......Page 61 INTRODUCTION......Page 62 The Kibale National Park......Page 63 Historic land use and land management policies......Page 64 Land cover change analysis......Page 65 Burned area change analysis......Page 67 RESULTS......Page 68 DISCUSSION......Page 71 SUMMARY......Page 72 REFERENCES......Page 73 INTRODUCTION......Page 75 DETERMINANTS OF RED COLOBUS ABUNDANCE......Page 77 RESTORATION OF A PLANT COMMUNITY CONDUCIVE TO PROMOTING RED COLOBUS ABUNDANCE......Page 79 DISCUSSION......Page 82 SUMMARY......Page 84 REFERENCES......Page 85 7 Long-term perspectives on forest conservation: lessons from research in Kibale National Park......Page 87 Response of primates to selective logging and forest fragmentation......Page 88 Response of birds to selective logging......Page 89 Response of small mammals to selective logging......Page 90 Response of other ungulates to selective logging......Page 91 Influence of selective logging on forest structure and composition......Page 92 EFFECTS OF FOREST FRAGMENTATION ON PLANT AND ANIMAL COMMUNITIES......Page 93 FOREST SUCCESSION IN KIBALE GRASSLANDS......Page 94 CROP-RAIDING......Page 95 SUMMARY......Page 96 REFERENCES......Page 97 8 Health and disease in the people, primates, and domestic animals of Kibale National Park: implications for conservation......Page 99 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 109 REFERENCES......Page 110 9 The importance of training national and international scientists for conservation research......Page 112 INCREASING THE SKILLS OF AFRICAN SCIENTISTS IN PUBLISHING AND PROPOSAL WRITING......Page 116 FOLLOW-UP SUPPORT: LIFE BEYOND THE FIELD STATION......Page 117 MEASURING IMPACT......Page 118 Long-term impact......Page 119 THE WAY FORWARD: HOW CAN LONG-TERM RESEARCH AND TRAINING CONTRIBUTE TO GREATER RESEARCH CAPACITY IN UGANDA?......Page 121 REFERENCES......Page 122 10 Community benefits from long-term research programs: a case study from Kibale National Park, Uganda......Page 123 BENEFITS TO INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COMMUNITY......Page 124 BENEFITS FOR THE NATIONAL/UGANDAN COMMUNITY......Page 125 General economic benefits......Page 126 Benefits from specific research projects......Page 127 Expatriate-funded community projects......Page 128 The Kasiisi Project......Page 130 The Kibale Student Support Program......Page 132 LESSONS FROM THE KNP EXPERIENCE......Page 133 Long-term commitment pays off......Page 134 SUMMARY......Page 135 REFERENCES......Page 137 INTRODUCTION......Page 139 RESEARCH IN KIBALE......Page 140 THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING THE ECOTOURISM INDUSTRY IN KIBALE NATIONAL PARK......Page 142 ECOTOURISM IN KIBALE NATIONAL PARK......Page 143 Chimpanzee sightings......Page 147 Relations between long-term researchers and natural resources managers......Page 149 Threat of disease transmission between humans and primates......Page 150 SUMMARY......Page 151 REFERENCES......Page 152 12 The human landscape around the Island Park: impacts and responses to Kibale National Park......Page 153 PROJECT DESCRIPTION......Page 154 PARKS AND DEMOGRAPHY IN FOREST AND SAVANNA AREAS......Page 156 IMPACTS AND RESPONSES TO KIBALE NATIONAL PARK......Page 158 Hazards......Page 159 Attitudes to the park......Page 162 CONCLUSIONS: DEMOGRAPHY AND CONSERVATION......Page 164 SUMMARY......Page 165 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 166 REFERENCES......Page 167 ENDNOTE......Page 168 HISTORY OF CONSERVATION EFFORTS AT BUDONGO......Page 169 Snare removal......Page 172 Sustainable vermin control......Page 174 ONGOING AND FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 175 Cognitive studies......Page 176 CONCLUSION......Page 179 REFERENCES......Page 180 ORIGIN AND HISTORY......Page 182 Population changes, and threats to chimpanzees......Page 183 Protection from poaching......Page 184 Support for conservation......Page 185 Conservation within the research program at Gombe......Page 186 Community-centered conservation on a landscape scale: the TACARE model......Page 187 Agriculture......Page 188 Youth programs......Page 189 The TACARE model of community-centered conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo......Page 190 Youth Program: Roots & Shoots......Page 191 Giving knowledge, rather than equipment and technologies......Page 192 Emphasis on conservation from the start of the research......Page 193 SUMMARY......Page 194 REFERENCES......Page 195 CONSERVATION......Page 197 INTRODUCTION OF ECOTOURISM......Page 199 PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE......Page 200 RESTORING ECOTOURISM......Page 202 STATUS OF UNHABITUATED CHIMPANZEES IN AND AROUND MAHALE......Page 203 MAHALE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY......Page 204 REFERENCES......Page 206 INTRODUCTION......Page 208 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 209 HUMAN POACHING PRESSURE......Page 211 CONSERVATION THROUGH THE WILD CHIMPANZEE FOUNDATION......Page 213 The theater play......Page 214 Traditional knowledge and perception of the chimpanzees......Page 216 CHANGES BY THE THEATER PLAY IN THE REACTION TOWARDS THE CHIMPANZEES......Page 217 SUMMARY......Page 220 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 222 REFERENCES......Page 223 THE CHIMPANZEES OF BOSSOU......Page 225 GREEN CORRIDOR PROJECT......Page 228 Transplanting into the savanna......Page 230 ASSESSMENT OF PLANTING ACTIVITY......Page 231 HEXATUBES: A NEW WAY TO PROTECT THE YOUNG TREES......Page 233 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 234 REFERENCES......Page 235 BACKGROUND......Page 237 ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF MOUNTAIN GORILLAS......Page 239 TOURISM......Page 241 LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE VIRUNGA GORILLAS......Page 244 SURVEILLANCE OF ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES......Page 245 ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE VIRUNGAS......Page 247 CAPACITY BUILDING......Page 248 SOCIOECONOMIC RESEARCH......Page 249 SUMMARY......Page 250 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 251 REFERENCES......Page 252 INTRODUCTION......Page 254 International cooperation in science, conservation, and the environment......Page 255 History and significance......Page 257 Relationship to research......Page 258 UNESCO’s relationship to GRASP......Page 260 World Heritage sites for great apes?......Page 261 World Heritage species?......Page 263 SUMMARY......Page 264 REFERENCES......Page 265 THE CONSERVATION IMPACTS OF LONG-TERM RESEARCH......Page 266 LONG-TERM RESEARCH AND THE FUTURE OF CONSERVATION......Page 268 Index......Page 270 This Unique Case Study From The Kibale National Park Illustrates How Biological Research Has Had Diverse Consequences For Conservation. It Examines Effects On Habitat Management, Community Relations, Ecotourism And Training. Lessons Learned From This Project Over The Last 20 Years Will Inspire Researchers And Conservationists To Work Together To Promote Biodiversity Through Field Projects.--book Jacket. Why The Link Between Long-term Research And Conservation Is A Case Worth Making / Richard Wrangham -- Links Between Research And Protected Area Management In Uganda / Moses Mapesa -- The Use Of Research : How Science In Uganda's National Parks Has Been Applied / William Olupot And Andrew J. Plumptre -- Long-term Research And Conservation In Kibale National Park / Thomas Struhsaker -- Monitoring Forest-savannah Dynamics In Kibale National Park With Satellite Imagery (1989-2003) : Implications For The Management Of Wildlife Habitat / Nadine Laporte [and Others] -- Long-term Studies Reveal The Conservation Potential For Integrating Habit Restoration And Animal Nutrition / Colin A. Chapman [and Others] -- Long-term Perspectives On Forest Conservation : Lessons From Research In Kibale National Park / Jeremiah S. Lwanga And G. Isabirye-basuta --^ Health And Disease In The People, Primates, And Domestic Animals Of Kibale National Park : Implications For Conservation / Tony L. Goldberg, Thomas R. Gillespie, And Innocent B. Rwego -- The Importance Of Training National And International Scientists For Conservation Research / Rosie Trevelyan And Clive Nuttman -- Community Benefits From Long-term Research Programs : A Case Study From Kibale National Park, Uganda / John M. Kasenene And Elizabeth A. Ross -- Potential Interactions Of Research With The Development And Management Of Eco-tourism / Arthur Mugisha -- The Human Landscape Around The Island Park : Impacts And Responses To Kibale National Park / Abe Goldman [and Others] -- Conservation And Research In The Budongo Forest Reserve, Masindi District, Western Uganda / Fred Babweteera, Vernon Reynolds, And Klaus Zuberbühler -- Long-term Research And Conservation In Gombe National Park, Tanzania / Anthony Collins And Jane Goodall --^ Long-term Research And Conservation In The Mahale Mountains, Tanzania / Toshisada Nishida And Michio Nakamura -- The Contribution Of Long-term Research By The Taï Chimpanzee Project To Conservation / Christophe Boesch [and Others] -- The Green Corridor Project : Long-term Research And Conservation In Bossou, Guinea / Tetsuro Matsuzawa And Makan Kourouma -- Long-term Research And Conservation Of The Virunga Mountain Gorillas / Elizabeth A. Williamson And Katie A. Fawcett -- Long-term Research And Conservation Of Great Apes : A Global Future / Natarajan Ishwaran -- Long-term Research And Conservation : The Way Forward / Richard Wrangham And Elizabeth Ross. Edited By Richard Wrangham, Elizabeth Ross. This Book Is A Result Of A Workshop On Long-term Research And Conservation Held To Celebrate The Twentieth Anniversary Of The Kibale Chimpanzee Project And The Tenth Anniversary Of The Kasiisi Project At Makerere University Biological Field Station, Kibale National Park, Uganda, June 15-17 2007. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

Unique case study, inspiring researchers and conservationists to work together to promote biodiversity through field projects.