سامیزدات، تامیزدات و فراتر: رسانه‌های فراملی در دوران و پس از سوسیالیسم

In many ways what is identified today as “cultural globalization” in Eastern Europe has its roots in the Cold War phenomena of __samizdat__ (“do-it-yourself” underground publishing) and __tamizdat__ (publishing abroad). This volume offers a new understanding of how information flowed between East and West during the Cold War, as well as the much broader circulation of cultural products instigated and sustained by these practices. By expanding the definitions of __samizdat__ and __tamizdat__ from explicitly political print publications to include other forms and genres, this volume investigates the wider cultural sphere of alternative and semi-official texts, broadcast media, reproductions of visual art and music, and, in the post-1989 period, new media. The underground circulation of uncensored texts in the Cold War era serves as a useful foundation for comparison when looking at current examples of censorship, independent media, and the use of new media in countries like China, Iran, and the former Yugoslavia. CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOREWORD Introduction: SAMIZDAT AND TAMIZDAT Entangled Phenomena? SECTION I Producing and Circulating Samizdat/Tamizdat Before 1989 Chapter 1 ARDIS FACSIMILE AND REPRINT EDITIONS Giving Back Russian Literature Chapter 2 THE BALTIC CONNECTION Transnational Samizdat Networks between Émigrés in Sweden and the Democratic Opposition in Poland Chapter 3 RADIO FREE EUROPE AND RADIO LIBERTY AS THE “ECHO CHAMBER” OF TAMIZDAT Chapter 4 CONTACT BEYOND BORDERS AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMS Kultura, Russian Emigration, and the Polish Opposition Section II DIFFUSING NONCONFORMIST IDEAS THROUGH SAMIZDAT/TAMIZDAT BEFORE 1989 Chapter 5 “FREE CONVERSATIONS IN AN OCCUPIED COUNTRY” Cultural Transfer, Social Networking, and Political Dissent in Romanian Tamizdat Chapter 6 THE DANGER OF OVER-INTERPRETING DISSIDENT WRITING IN THE WEST Communist Terror in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1968 Chapter 7 RENAISSANCE OR RECONSTRUCTION? Intellectual Transfer of Civil Society Discourses Between Eastern and Western Europe Section III TRANSFORMING MODES AND PRACTICES OF ALTERNATIVE CULTURE Chapter 8 THE BARDS OF MAGNITIZDAT An Aesthetic Political History of Russian Underground Recordings Chapter 9 WRITING ABOUT APPARENTLY NONEXISTENT ART The Tamizdat Journal A-Ja and Russian Unofficial Arts in the 1970s and 1980s Chapter 10 “VIDEO KNOWS NO BORDERS” Samizdat Television and the Unofficial Public Sphere in “Normalized” Czechoslovakia Section IV MOVING FROM SAMIZDAT/TAMIZDAT TO ALTERNATIVE MEDIA TODAY Chapter 11 POSTPRINTIUM? Digital Literary Samizdat on the Russian Internet Chapter 12 INDEPENDENT MEDIA, TRANSNATIONAL BORDERS, AND NETWORKS OF RESISTANCE Collaborative Art Radio between Belgrade (Radio B92) and Vienna (ORF) Chapter 13 “FROM WALLPAPERS TO BLOGS” Samizdat and Internet in China Chapter 14 REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTIONS IN EUROPE Lessons for the Middle East and the Arab Spring Afterword THE LEGACIES OF DISSENT Charter 77, the Helsinki Effect, and the Emergence of a European Public Space Appendix: Ardis Facsimile and Reprint Editions SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS INDEX Introduction -- Producing and circulating samizdat/tamizdat before 1989. Ardis facsimile and reprint editions: giving back Russian literature / Ann Komaromi -- The Baltic connection: transnational networks of resistance after 1976 / Fredrik Lars Stöcker -- Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty as the "echo chamber" of tamizdat / Friederike Kind-Kovács -- Contact beyond borders and historical problems: kultura, Russian emigration and the Polish opposition / Karolina Ziolo-Puzuk -- Diffusing non-conformist ideas through samizdat/tamizdat before 1989. "Free conversations in an occupied country": cultural transfer, social networking and political dissent in Romanian tamizdat / Cristina Petrescu -- The danger of over-interpreting dissident writing in the West: Communist terror in Czechoslovakia, 1948-1968 / Muriel Blaive -- Renaissance or reconstruction? intellectual transfer of civil society discourses between Eastern and Western Europe / Agnes Arndt -- Transforming modes and practices of alternative culture. The bards of Magnitizdat: an aesthetic political history of Russian underground recordings / Bian A. Horne -- Writing about apparently non-existent art: the tamizdat journal A-Ja and Russian unofficial arts in the 1970s-1980s / Valentina Parisi -- "Video knows no borders": samizdat television and the unofficial public sphere in "normalized" Czechoslovakia / Alice Lovejoy -- Moving from samizdat/tamizdat to alternative media today. Postprintium? digital literary samizdat on the Russian Internet / Henrike Schmidt -- Independent media, transnational borders, and networks of resistance: collaborative art radio between Belgrade (Radio B92) and Vienna (ORF) / Daniel Gilfillan -- "From wallpapers to blogs": samizdat and Internet in China / Martin Hala -- Reflections on the revolutions in Europe: lessons for the Middle East and the Arab Spring / Barbara J. Falk