Saline and Alkaline Soils in Latin America : Natural Resources, Management and Productive Alternatives

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of saline and alkaline soils in Latin America, known for having one of the most extensive surface of salt-affected soils in the world. It is organized along two main axes: soils and vegetation. The book discusses the occurrence of such soils in the region, focusing mainly in management strategies for their sustainable use, and it presents accounts of natural vegetation and crops in the various environments of the region. Social impacts of such conditions and ongoing projects to overcome them are considered. Likewise, the book highlights physiological mechanisms that are responsible for the negative effects these soils exert on crops and forest resources and determine vegetation distribution in them. Plant breeding challenges and new perspectives for such environments are discussed. Technologies such as irrigation and drainage are included. The readership includes soil and plant scientists, as well as policy makers. Front Matter ....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Overview of Salt-Affected Areas in Latin America: Physical, Social and Economic Perspectives (Ildefonso Pla Sentís)....Pages 3-36 Environmental, Agricultural, and Socioeconomic Impacts of Salinization to Family-Based Irrigated Agriculture in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (Nildo da Silva Dias, Jucirema Ferreira da Silva, Maria Alejandra Moreno-Pizani, Matheus Cardim Ferreira Lima, Jorge Freire da Silva Ferreira, Edna Lúcia Rocha Linhares et al.)....Pages 37-48 Front Matter ....Pages 49-49 Salt Accumulation and Redistribution in the Dry Plains of Southern South America: Lessons from Land Use Changes (Esteban G. Jobbágy, Raúl Giménez, Victoria Marchesini, Yésica Diaz, Dushmantha H. Jayawickreme, Marcelo D. Nosetto)....Pages 51-70 Strategies for the Use of Brackish Water for Crop Production in Northeastern Brazil (Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda, Hans Raj Gheyi, José Francismar de Medeiros, Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa, Geocleber Gomes de Sousa, Geovani Soares de Lima)....Pages 71-99 Potential Agricultural Use of Reject Brine from Desalination Plants in Family Farming Areas (Nildo da Silva Dias, Cleyton dos Santos Fernandes, Osvaldo Nogueira de Sousa Neto, Cláudio Ricardo da Silva, Jorge Freire da Silva Ferreira, Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá et al.)....Pages 101-118 Salt Affected Soils in the Brazilian Semiarid and Phytoremediation as a Reclamation Alternative (Maria Betânia Galvão Santos Freire, Fernando José Freire, Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa, Edivan Rodrigues de Souza, Hans Raj Gheyi)....Pages 119-139 Salinization in Peruvian North Coast Soils: Case Study in San Pedro de Lloc (Nadia R. Gamboa, Adolfo B. Marchese, Carlos H. Tavares Corrêa)....Pages 141-159 Effects of Salinity on Vineyards and Wines from Mendoza, Argentina (Rosana C. Vallone, Laura E. Martínez, Federico G. Olmedo, Santiago E. Sari)....Pages 161-176 Causes, Effects, and Management of Salinity Problems in Pecan Production in North Mexico (Dámaris Ojeda-Barrios, Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza, Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez, Laura Raquel Orozco-Meléndez, Esteban Sanchez)....Pages 177-187 Front Matter ....Pages 189-189 Genesis, Properties and Management of Salt-Affected Soils in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina (Perla A. Imbellone, Miguel A. Taboada, Francisco Damiano, Raúl S. Lavado)....Pages 191-208 Origin, Management and Reclamation Technologies of Salt-Affected and Flooded Soils in the Inland Pampas of Argentina (Miguel A. Taboada, Francisco Damiano, José M. Cisneros, Raúl S. Lavado)....Pages 209-228 Salt-Affected Soils of Pantanal Wetland (Sheila A. C. Furquim, Thiago T. Vidoca)....Pages 229-254 Temperate Coastal Salt Marsh Soils—Effects of Grazing and Management Alternatives (Carla E. Di Bella, Adriana M. Rodríguez, Miguel A. Taboada, Agustín A. Grimoldi)....Pages 255-268 Limitations and Sustainable Management of Halohydromorphic Soils of the Santa Fe Province, Argentina (Silvia Imhoff, José Luis Panigatti)....Pages 269-283 Effects of Supplementary Irrigation on Soils and Crops in Humid and Sub-humid Areas in the Pampas Region of Argentina (Carina Rosa Alvarez, Helena Rimski Korsakov, Martín Torres Duggan)....Pages 285-294 Conceptual and Practical Framework to Address Gypsum Management in Salt-Affected Soils (Martín Torres Duggan, Mónica B. Rodríguez)....Pages 295-309 Front Matter ....Pages 311-311 Ecological Restoration and Productive Recovery of Saline Environments from the Argentine Monte Desert Using Native Plants (Pablo E. Villagra, Carlos B. Passera, Silvina Greco, Carmen E. Sartor, Pablo A. Meglioli, Juan A. Alvarez et al.)....Pages 313-338 Native and Naturalized Forage Plant Genetic Resources for Saline Environments of the Southernmost Portion of the American Chaco (José F. Pensiero, Juan M. Zabala, Lorena del R. Marinoni, Geraldina A. Richard)....Pages 339-380 Plant Tolerance Mechanisms to Soil Salinity Contribute to the Expansion of Agriculture and Livestock Production in Argentina (Edith Taleisnik, Andrés Alberto Rodríguez, Dolores A. Bustos, Darío Fernando Luna)....Pages 381-397 Genetic Improvement of Perennial Forage Plants for Salt Tolerance (Gustavo E. Schrauf, Flavia Alonso Nogara, Pablo Rush, Pablo Peralta Roa, Eduardo Musacchio, Sergio Ghio et al.)....Pages 399-414 Antioxidant Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Cowpea Root Growth Under Salinity (Josemir Moura Maia, Cristiane E. C. Macedo, Ivanice da Silva Santos, Yuri Lima Melo, Joaquim A. G. Silveira)....Pages 415-430 Lotus spp.: A Foreigner that Came to Stay Forever: Economic and Environmental Changes Caused by Its Naturalization in the Salado River Basin (Argentina) (Amira Susana Nieva, Oscar Adolfo Ruiz)....Pages 431-446 Front Matter ....Pages 447-447 Climate Change and Salinity-Vulnerable Ecosystems in Latin America (Ernesto F. Viglizzo, M. Florencia Ricard)....Pages 449-456 Back Matter ....Pages 457-463