ایمنی مواد شیمیایی واکنشی و آتش‌بازی

Accidents involving reactive chemicals can often be prevented, or their effects alleviated, if those handling them have a sound knowledge both of their hazardous properties and of appropriate handling methods. This book addresses this need. It opens with a definition of the key technical terms and evaluation methods for hazardous materials are outlined. Chapter 2 covers accidents involving self-reactive substances, accidents occurring during chemical reactions, and accidents involving hazardous products in the event of an earthquake. In the next three chapters, methods for evaluating fire and explosion hazards of reactive substances are covered. The test methods described include DSC test using a sealed cell, impact sensitivity tests, the ignitability test, burning tests, the pyrolytic severity test, and shock sensitivity tests. Recently, the Japanese Fire Services Law was amended, requiring hazardous materials to be evaluated and classified by appropriate tests. These test methods, described in chapter 4, are related to oxidising solids, combustible solids, spontaneous ignition substances, and water-reactive substances. The final chapter gives examples of the safety assessment of various pyrotechnics. There are few books available on this subject and none so comprehensive. Each of the methods described is practical, effective and of low cost; and many of the application results are from the author's own laboratory. The book will be invaluable to those in public and industrial safety laboratories, R & D chemical laboratories, Fire Departments, explosives manufacturers, and those responsible for the transportation of hazardous materials. Accidents Involving Reactive Chemicals Can Often Be Prevented, Or Their Effects Alleviated, If Those Handling Them Have A Sound Knowledge Both Of Their Hazardous Properties And Of Appropriate Handling Methods. This Book Addresses This Need. It Opens With A Definition Of The Key Technical Terms And Evaluation Methods For Hazardous Materials Are Outlined. Chapter 2 Covers Accidents Involving Self-reactive Substances, Accidents Occurring During Chemical Reactions, And Accidents Involving Hazardous Products In The Event Of An Earthquake. In The Next Three Chapters, Methods For Evaluating Fire And Explosion Hazards Of Reactive Substances Are Covered. The Test Methods Described Include Dsc Test Using A Sealed Cell, Impact Sensitivity Tests, The Ignitability Test, Burning Tests, The Pyrolytic Severity Test, And Shock Sensitivity Tests. Recently, The Japanese Fire Services Law Was Amended, Requiring Hazardous Materials To Be Evaluated And Classified By Appropriate Tests. These Test Methods, Described In Chapter 4, Are Related To Oxidising Solids, Combustible Solids, Spontaneous Ignition Substances, And Water-reactive Substances. The Final Chapter Gives Examples Of The Safety Assessment Of Various Pyrotechnics. There Are Few Books Available On This Subject And None So Comprehensive. Each Of The Methods Described Is Practical, Effective And Of Low Cost; And Many Of The Application Results Are From The Author's Own Laboratory. The Book Will Be Invaluable To Those In Public And Industrial Safety Laboratories, R & D Chemical Laboratories, Fire Departments, Explosives Manufacturers, And Those Responsible For The Transportation Of Hazardous Materials. Front Cover......Page 1 Safety of Reactive Chemicals and Pyrotechnics......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 CONTENT......Page 10 Preface......Page 8 1.1 Introduction......Page 16 1.2 Chemical Substances, Hazardous Materials, Reactive Chemicals and Pyrotechnics......Page 18 1.3 Definition of Hazardous Materials and Their Evaluation Methods......Page 25 1.4 Reactive Chemicals and the Evaluation of Their Hazards......Page 31 References......Page 43 2.2 Accidents Involving Self–Reactive Substances......Page 49 2.3 Accidents During Chemical Reactions......Page 55 2.4 Accidents Involving Reactions with Other Substances......Page 56 2.5 Accidents Involving Hazardous Goods in Earthquakes......Page 59 2.6 Accidents Involving Pyrotechnics......Page 80 References......Page 86 3.2 DSC or DTA Using a Sealed Cell (A)......Page 90 3.3 Impact Sensitivity Tests......Page 101 3.4 The Ignitability Test......Page 134 3.5 Burning Test......Page 140 3.6 Pyrolytic Severity Test......Page 195 3.7 Shock Sensitivity Test......Page 206 3.8 Detonation–Propagation Tests......Page 239 References......Page 263 4.1 Oxidizing Solids......Page 269 4.3 Spontaneous Ignition Substances and Water–reactive Substances......Page 286 References......Page 289 5.2 Safe Package of Sporting Paper Caps......Page 291 5.3 How to Build a Safety Storage Shed for Small Amounts of Explosives......Page 304 5.4 Safety Evaluation of Gas Generators for Seatbelt Tensioners......Page 325 5.5 Safety Evaluation of HMX Added Composite Propellant......Page 332 References......Page 342 SUBJECT INDEX......Page 344 This book is a general review of the hazard associated with the manipulation of reactive chemicals. It was one of my first readings on the subject and was very instructive, very general and not too theoretical. The book gives the classical basic criteria for suspecting a substance to be hazardous, describes the energy release mechanisms, then explains clearly the different theoretical and experimental methods for hazard screening and assessment. Case histories illustrate the possible consequences. Prevention is treated through various checklists and an entire chapter is about emergency response. It also describes the most important organisations devoted to chemical safety, their activities and the hazard classifications they use. Finally, it studies a very japanese concern: earthquaques. This is a fine book, clear and instructive.