Rural Ethnic Minority Youth And Families In The United States: Theory, Research, And Applications (advancing Responsible Adolescent Development)

This book explores the risk and protective factors of rural life and minority status for youth and their families. It provides innovative perspectives on well-documented developmental challenges (e.g., poverty and lack of resources) as well as insights into the benefits of familial and cultural strengths. Coverage includes recent theories in child development, empirical studies of rural minority populations, and leading-edge interventions for urgent issues. The volume presents a spectrum of opportunities for understanding and providing services for youth in the United States through the lens of a diverse collection of ethnic minority experiences in rural settings. Topics featured in this volume include: * Theoretical models focused on the intersection of ethnicity and rural settings. * Family processes, child care, and early schooling in rural minority families. * Promising strategies for conducting research with rural minority families. * Strengths-based educational interventions in rural settings. * Promoting supportive contexts for minority youth in low-resource rural communities. __Rural Ethnic Minority Youth and Families in the United States__ is a valuable resource for researchers and professors, clinicians and related professionals and graduate students across such disciplines as clinical child, school and developmental psychology, family studies, social work and public health. Preface 6 Contents 10 Contributors 12 Chapter 1: Ethnic and Racial Minority Youth in the Rural United States: An Overview 17 Rurality, Ethnicity, and the Changing Ethnic/Racial Profile of Rural Places 18 Dispersion of Ethnic Minority Youth Across Rural America 22 Challenges Associated with Race/Ethnicity and Rural Places 24 Organization of the Book 25 Conclusions 27 References 27 Chapter 2: Racial–Ethnic Minority Youth in Rural America: Theoretical Perspectives, Conceptual Challenges, and Future Directions 29 A Changing Rural America 30 Defining Rural America 31 Theoretical Frameworks and Conceptual Challenges 33 Studying Racial–Ethnic Minority Youth: Why Race and Ethnicity Matter 33 Theoretical Perspectives 36 Social and Economic Contexts 39 Poverty and Economic Hardship 40 Transactional Relations and Processes 42 Addressing the Challenges 43 Conclusion and Future Directions 44 References 46 Chapter 3: Latinos in Rural, New Immigrant Destinations: A Modification of the Integrative Model of Child Development 53 Integrative Model of Ethnic Minority Child Development 54 Social Positional Factors 55 Social Stratification Mechanisms 60 Segregation 63 Promoting/Inhibiting Environments 64 Adaptive Culture 66 Child Characteristics 67 Family 67 Conclusions 68 References 68 Chapter 4: Theoretical Perspectives on African American Youth and Families in Rural Settings 73 Ecological Systems Theory 74 Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory 77 Similarities and Differences in the Ecological Models 79 Empirical Examples with Rural African American Adolescents 80 Example #1: Racial Identity as a Buffer of Depressive Symptoms 81 Example #2: Physical Activity as a Buffer for Anxiety 82 Conclusions 83 References 85 Chapter 5: Theoretical Perspectives on Asian American Youth and Families in Rural and New Immigrant Destinations 87 Demographic Shifts Toward Rural Communities and New Immigrant Destinations 89 Building a Theoretical Model of Asian Americans in Rural and New Immigrant Areas 90 Model Implications and Future Directions 100 References 101 Chapter 6: Development and Well-Being of Rural Latino Youth: Research Findings and Methodological Aspects 105 Demographic Overview: Latino Youth in Rural America 106 Development and Well-Being of Rural Latino Youth 107 Research on Indicators of Well-Being Among Rural Latino Youth 107 Developmental Contexts Experienced by Rural Latino Youth 110 Promoting the Well-Bring of Rural Latino Youth: Challenges and Opportunities 112 Methodological Issues in Research with Rural Latino Youth 113 Sampling Issues 114 Recruitment and Retention 115 Cultural Appropriateness in Research Methods with Latinos 116 Ethical Issues 117 Practical Considerations 118 Conclusions and Future Directions 119 References 121 Chapter 7: School, Community, and Cultural Connectedness as Predictors of Adjustment Among Rural American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Adolescents 125 Rurality and AI/ANs 126 Historical Trauma Model and Associated Risks 128 Theoretical Orientation 129 Research on Connectedness and Adjustment Outcomes 131 Conclusions 136 References 138 Chapter 8: African American Couples in Rural Contexts 143 The Family and Community Health Study 144 Study Goals 144 Participants 145 Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on Couples 145 Effects of Racial Discrimination and Financial Strain on Relationships 147 Resources That Promote Relationship Quality and Stability 149 Education and Religious Engagement as Protective Resources 149 Predictors of Relationship Quality 150 Predictors of Relationship Stability 151 Conclusions 152 Methodological Challenges in Studying Rural Families 154 Future Research Directions 155 References 155 Chapter 9: Minority Families in the Rural United States: Family Processes, Child Care, and Early Schooling 159 Theoretical Foundations for Studying Ethnic Minority Families 161 Transitioning to School for Ethnic Minority Children 162 Parenting 168 Improving Rural Students’ Trajectories 172 Methodological Challenges and Strategies 173 Conclusions 174 References 174 Chapter 10: Rural Latino/a Youth and Parents on the Northern Great Plains: Preliminary Findings from the Latino Youth Care Project (LYCP) 181 Theoretical Frameworks for the LYCP Study 182 The LYCP Study 189 Conclusions and Future Directions 194 References 195 Chapter 11: Suicide and Substance Use Disorder Prevention for Rural American Indian and Alaska Native Youth 200 Suicide and Substance Use among American Indian/Alaska Native Youth 201 Interpretation of Epidemiological Data with American Indian/Alaska Native Populations 202 Implications of Cultural Distinctiveness and Rurality 202 Implications of Contemporary Demographic Trends 203 Conclusions from the Epidemiology of American Indian and Alaska Native Youth Suicide and Substance Abuse Disorder Risk 204 Preventive Interventions for Substance Use Disorder and Suicide in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Types of Interventions and Key Findings 204 Prevention of Substance Use Disorder 205 Prevention of Suicide 206 Combined Substance Use Disorder and Suicide Prevention 207 Preventive Interventions for Substance Use Disorder and Suicide in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Process Descriptions 208 Collaboration and Community Engagement 209 Infusion of Culture 210 Limitations of the Current Literature 210 Conclusions 211 References 213 Chapter 12: Rural African American Adolescents’ Development: A Critical Review of Empirical Studies and Preventive Intervention Programs 217 Organization and Scope of Chapter 218 Why Focus on Rural African American Adolescents? 219 Academic-Related Outcomes 219 African American Adolescents’ Psychosocial Development 223 Conduct Problems 223 Sexual Risk and Substance and Drug Use 225 Alcohol and Substance Use 226 Protective Nature of Community, Family, and Peers 227 Conclusions 234 References 234 Chapter 13: Strengths-Based Educational Interventions in Rural Settings: Promoting Child Development Through Home–School Partnerships 240 Rural Context and Educational Interventions 241 Home–School Partnership: An Essential Feature of Educational Intervention 242 Review of Select Intervention Programs 245 The Getting Ready Intervention 245 Rural Language and Literacy Connections 247 Conjoint Behavioral Consultation 249 Methodological Challenges and Solutions in Intervention Research 250 Intervention Development 251 Research Design and Measure Selection 251 Recruitment of Sites 252 Recruitment and Retention of Participants 252 Intervention Implementation and Evaluation 254 Conclusions 255 References 255 Chapter 14: Promoting Supportive Contexts for Minority Youth in Low-Resource Rural Communities: The SEALS Model, Directed Consultation, and the Scouting Report Approach 260 The Educational and Developmental Context of Rural Minority Youth 261 Factors that Constrain Rural Minority Youths’ Educational Experiences, Achievement, and Outcomes 262 The Heterogeneity of Strengths and Risks in Rural Minority Populations 263 Constraints on Teaching and Professional Development Supports in Rural Communities 265 The SEALS Model, Directed Consultation, and the Scouting Report Approach 266 The Supporting Early Adolescent Learning and Social Success (SEALS) Model 266 Directed Consultation 267 The Scouting Report Approach 269 Preliminary Findings of the SEALS Model and Future Research Needs 270 Summary of Findings from Project REAL 270 Future Research Needs 272 Conclusion 274 References 274 Chapter 15: Future Prospects for Studying Ethnic and Racial Minority Youths and Families in Diverse Rural and Nonrural Contexts 279 Bioecological Theory: A General Framework 281 Three Phases of the Development of Bioecological Theory 281 A Bioecologically Based Analysis of the Volume 284 PPCT Models of Rural Minority Youths and Families 284 Culturally and Contextually Informed Theorizing in PPCT Models 286 Culturally Informed Theorizing 287 Contextually Informed Theorizing 289 Conclusions 295 References 296 Index 299 This book explores the risk and protective factors of rural life and minority status for youth and their families. It provides innovative perspectives on well-documented developmental challenges (e.g., poverty and lack of resources) as well as insights into the benefits of familial and cultural strengths. Coverage includes recent theories in child development, empirical studies of rural minority populations, and leading-edge interventions for urgent issues. The volume presents a spectrum of opportunities for understanding and providing services for youth in the United States through the lens of a diverse collection of ethnic minority experiences in rural settings. Topics featured in this volume include: Theoretical models focused on the intersection of ethnicity and rural settings. Family processes, child care, and early schooling in rural minority families. Promising strategies for conducting research with rural minority families. Strengths-based educational interventions in rural settings. Promoting supportive contexts for minority youth in low-resource rural communities. Rural Ethnic Minority Youth and Families in the United States is a valuable resource for researchers and professors, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students across such disciplines as clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, family studies, social work, and public health. ℗l-- ĺlBringing together cutting-edge scholarship in this watershed publication, Crockett and Carlo provide a singularly important foundation for future research seeking to describe, explain, and optimize the strengths of these still relatively understudied youth.ĺl Richard M. Lerner Bergstrom Chair in Applied Developmental Science Director, Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development Tufts University ℗lĺlThe authors integrate long-standing ideas about rural settings and contemporary knowledge about ethnic minority status to present a long overdue treatment of the development of ethnic minority youth in rural America. This volume sheds light on an understudied and neglected segment of the American population.ĺl Andrew J. Fuligni University of California, Los Angeles This book explores the risk and protective factors of rural life and minority status for youth and their families. It provides innovative perspectives on well-documented developmental challenges (e.g., poverty and lack of resources) as well as insights into the benefits of familial and cultural strengths. Coverage includes recent theories in child development, empirical studies of rural minority populations, and leading-edge interventions for urgent issues. The volume presents a spectrum of opportunities for understanding and providing services for youth in the United States through the lens of a diverse collection of ethnic minority experiences in rural settings. Topics featured in this volume include: Theoretical models focused on the intersection of ethnicity and rural settings. Family processes, child care, and early schooling in rural minority families. Promising strategies for conducting research with rural minority families. Strengths-based educational interventions in rural settings. Promoting supportive contexts for minority youth in low-resource rural communities. Rural Ethnic Minority Youth and Families in the United States is a valuable resource for researchers and professors, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students across such disciplines as clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, family studies, social work, and public health. -- "Bringing together cutting-edge scholarship in this watershed publication, Crockett and Carlo provide a singularly important foundation for future research seeking to describe, explain, and optimize the strengths of these still relatively understudied youth." Richard M. Lerner Bergstrom Chair in Applied Developmental Science Director, Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development Tufts University "The authors integrate long-standing ideas about rural settings and contemporary knowledge about ethnic minority status to present a long overdue treatment of the development of et hnic minority youth in rural America. This volume sheds light on an understudied and neglected segment of the American population." Andrew J. Fuligni University of California, Los Angeles Front Matter....Pages i-xv Ethnic and Racial Minority Youth in the Rural United States: An Overview....Pages 1-12 Racial–Ethnic Minority Youth in Rural America: Theoretical Perspectives, Conceptual Challenges, and Future Directions....Pages 13-36 Latinos in Rural, New Immigrant Destinations: A Modification of the Integrative Model of Child Development....Pages 37-56 Theoretical Perspectives on African American Youth and Families in Rural Settings....Pages 57-70 Theoretical Perspectives on Asian American Youth and Families in Rural and New Immigrant Destinations....Pages 71-88 Development and Well-Being of Rural Latino Youth: Research Findings and Methodological Aspects....Pages 89-108 School, Community, and Cultural Connectedness as Predictors of Adjustment Among Rural American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Adolescents....Pages 109-126 African American Couples in Rural Contexts....Pages 127-142 Minority Families in the Rural United States: Family Processes, Child Care, and Early Schooling....Pages 143-164 Rural Latino/a Youth and Parents on the Northern Great Plains: Preliminary Findings from the Latino Youth Care Project (LYCP)....Pages 165-183 Suicide and Substance Use Disorder Prevention for Rural American Indian and Alaska Native Youth....Pages 185-201 Rural African American Adolescents’ Development: A Critical Review of Empirical Studies and Preventive Intervention Programs....Pages 203-225 Strengths-Based Educational Interventions in Rural Settings: Promoting Child Development Through Home–School Partnerships....Pages 227-246 Promoting Supportive Contexts for Minority Youth in Low-Resource Rural Communities: The SEALS Model, Directed Consultation, and the Scouting Report Approach....Pages 247-265 Future Prospects for Studying Ethnic and Racial Minority Youths and Families in Diverse Rural and Nonrural Contexts....Pages 267-286 Back Matter....Pages 287-297 Annotation This book explores the risk and protective factors of rural life and minority status for youth and their families. It provides innovative perspectives on well-documented developmental challenges (e.g., poverty and lack of resources) as well as insights into the benefits of familial and cultural strengths. Coverage includes recent theories in child development, empirical studies of rural minority populations, and leading-edge interventions for urgent issues. The volume presents a spectrum of opportunities for understanding and providing services for youth in the United States through the lens of a diverse collection of ethnic minority experiences in rural settings. Topics featured in this volume include: Theoretical models focused on the intersection of ethnicity and rural settings. Family processes, child care, and early schooling in rural minority families. Promising strategies for conducting research with rural minority families. Strengths-based educational interventions in rural settings. Promoting supportive contexts for minority youth in low-resource rural communities."Rural Ethnic Minority Youth and Families in the United States "is a valuable resource for researchers and professors, clinicians and related professionals and graduate students across such disciplines as clinical child, school and developmental psychology, family studies, social work and public health "This book explores the risk and protective factors of rural life and minority status for youth and their families. It provides innovative perspectives on well-documented developmental challenges (e.g., poverty and lack of resources) as well as insights into the benefits of familial and cultural strengths. Coverage includes recent theories in child development, empirical studies of rural minority populations, and leading-edge interventions for urgent issues. This volume presents a spectrum of opportunities for understanding and providing services for youth in the United States through the lens of a diverse collection of ethnic minority experiences in rural settings"-- Back cover