Royal Heirs and the Uses of Soft Power in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Palgrave Studies in Modern Monarchy)

This volume brings together a fascinating selection of studies exploring the soft power tools used by heirs to the throne in order to enhance the communication of monarchies with their audiences during the nineteenth-century. How we perceive royals and their dynasties today – as families, as celebrities, as charitable figureheads of society or as superfluous relics of a bygone age – has deep roots in the monarchical cultures of nineteenth-century Europe. By focusing on the role played by heirs to the throne, this volume offers an original perspective on the ability of monarchies to persuade sceptical audiences, nourish positive emotions and thereby strengthen the position of each dynasty within its respective nation. Using examples from Britain, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Greece, Sweden, Norway and Prussia, an international team of experts analyzes and explains the development of the very soft power tools which are still being used by Ruling Houses today. Acknowledgements 6 Contents 8 List of Illustrations 12 Notes on Contributors 14 Chapter 1: ‘Winning their Trust and Affection’: Royal Heirs and the Uses of Soft Power in Nineteenth-Century Europe 18 Notes 33 Part I: Conduits of Communication 37 Chapter 2: The Royal Shop Window: Royal Heirs and the Monarchy in Post-Risorgimento Italy, 1860–1878 38 Notes 54 Chapter 3: A Visible Presence: Royal Events, Media Images and Popular Spectatorship in Oscarian Sweden 60 The Public Gaze 61 King Oscar and the Media 62 Material and Points of Departure 64 1881: Living Walls and Implicit Rules of Conduct 64 1905: A Sea of Handkerchiefs, and Walking Reporters 69 Press Photography and Royal Reporting 72 The Public Gaze Revisited 73 Notes 74 Chapter 4: Royal Ambassadors: Monarchical Public Diplomacy and the United States 77 Notes 91 Chapter 5: Ocular Sovereignty, Acclamatory Rulership and Political Communication: Visits of Princes of Wales to Bengal 95 Acclamatory and Affective Rulership: British Perspectives 96 Vernacularizing Princely Rulership: The Princes of Wales in Bengali Political Imagination 102 Conclusion 109 Notes 110 Part II: Persuading Sceptical Audiences 115 Chapter 6: The Power of Presence: Crafting a Norwegian Identity for the Bernadotte Heirs 116 A Greater Honour: The Heir as Viceroy 117 A Norwegian Education: Oscar I and His Sons 119 ‘A More Complete Personal Knowledge of Our Country Than Any King Before Him’ 122 A Time of Crises: Oscar II and His Sons 124 The Last Heir: Prince Gustaf Adolf 126 ‘A Kingless Country’: The Heir Departs 128 Notes 130 Chapter 7: Bertie Prince of Wales: Prince Hal and the Widow of Windsor 135 Queen Victoria: Mourning as Smart Power 136 The Crisis of 1871: Princess Alexandra and the Narrative of Atonement 138 Family Life and Soft Power 141 Bertie the Playboy Prince: Masculinity as Smart Power 143 Prince Hal versus Edward the Caresser: Edward VII’s Narrative as King 146 Notes 148 Chapter 8: Archduke Franz Ferdinand: An Uncharming Prince? 151 Franz Ferdinand’s Power 152 Franz Ferdinand and the Press 154 The Image of Franz Ferdinand in the Habsburg Monarchy 157 Franz Ferdinand—‘The Big Mystery’56 160 Conclusion 165 Notes 167 Part III: Emotional Appeals 173 Chapter 9: Dynastic Heritage and Bourgeois Morals: Monarchy and Family in the Nineteenth Century 174 Familiarity 177 Domesticity 181 Respectability 186 Notes 188 Chapter 10: The Importance of Looking the Part: Heirs and Male Aesthetics in Nineteenth-Century Spain 191 Theoretical Approaches to Masculinity 193 Representations of the Male Heir: Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII 194 Functions of Masculinity 198 Conclusion 203 Notes 207 Chapter 11: How to Fashion the Popularity of the British Monarchy: Alexandra, Princess of Wales and the Attractions of Attire 211 Agency and the Power of Appearance 215 The Arrival of the ‘Virgin Bride’: The Princess of Wales’s First Fashion Strategy? 216 Making the Right Choices for Ceremonial Attire: Wedding Dress and Coronation Gown 220 The Paradox of the Fashionable Princess 221 Royals as Celebrities: New Fashion Strategies in the Changing Media Environment 223 Notes 227 Chapter 12: Love, Duty and Diplomacy: The Mixed Response to the 1947 Engagement of Princess Elizabeth 232 Notes 246 Part IV: Dynastic Identities 250 Chapter 13: A ‘Sporting Hermes’: Crown Prince Constantine and the Ancient Heritage of Modern Greece 251 The First International Archaeological Congress, 25–30 March 1905 254 The Modern Olympic Games in Athens, 25 March–3 April 1896 and 9–19 April 1906 258 ‘Sporting Hermes’ Versus ‘Son of the Eagle’ 261 Notes 265 Chapter 14: The King as Father, Orangism and the Uses of a Hero: King William I of the Netherlands and the Prince of Orange, 1815–1840 270 A Double Problem 270 The Return of the Orange Family? 271 The Problem of Legitimacy: Some Examples of Soft Power Politics 274 Orangism, North and South 277 Waterloo and the Royal Heir 279 Dynastic Claustrophobia 282 Conclusion 283 Notes 284 Chapter 15: Narrating Prince Wilhelm of Prussia: Commemorative Biography as Monarchical Politics of Memory 288 Commemorative Biographies as Instruments of Monarchical Politics of Memory 290 Setting a Precedent: Schneider’s 1856 Article 293 Defending Prerogatives and Forging Memory: Schneider’s Later Biographies 300 Conclusion 303 Notes 304 Chapter 16: How European was Nineteenth-Century Royal Soft Power? 309 Notes 314 Index 315 "Acknowledgements"--"Contents" -- "List of Illustrations" -- "Notes on Contributors" -- "Chapter 1: â#x80;#x98;Winning their Trust and Affectionâ#x80;#x99;: Royal Heirs and the Uses of Soft Power in Nineteenth-Century Europe" -- "Notes" -- "Part I: Conduits of Communication" -- "Chapter 2: The Royal Shop Window: Royal Heirs and the Monarchy in Post-Risorgimento Italy, 1860â#x80;#x93;1878" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 3: A Visible Presence: Royal Events, Media Images and Popular Spectatorship in Oscarian Sweden" -- "The Public Gaze" -- "King Oscar and the Media" -- "Material and Points of Departure" -- "1881: Living Walls and Implicit Rules of Conduct" -- "1905: A Sea of Handkerchiefs, and Walking Reporters" -- "Press Photography and Royal Reporting" -- "The Public Gaze Revisited" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 4: Royal Ambassadors: Monarchical Public Diplomacy and the United States" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 5: Ocular Sovereignty, Acclamatory Rulership and Political Communication: Visits of Princes of Wales to Bengal" -- "Acclamatory and Affective Rulership: British Perspectives" -- "Vernacularizing Princely Rulership: The Princes of Wales in Bengali Political Imagination" -- "Conclusion" -- "Notes" -- "Part II: Persuading Sceptical Audiences" -- "Chapter 6: The Power of Presence: Crafting a Norwegian Identity for the Bernadotte Heirs" -- "A Greater Honour: The Heir as Viceroy" -- "A Norwegian Education: Oscar I and His Sons" -- "â#x80;#x98;A More Complete Personal Knowledge of Our Country Than Any King Before Himâ#x80;#x99;" -- "A Time of Crises: Oscar II and His Sons" -- "The Last Heir: Prince Gustaf Adolf" -- "â#x80;#x98;A Kingless Countryâ#x80;#x99;: The Heir Departs" -- "Notes" -- "Chapter 7: Bertie Prince of Wales: Prince Hal and the Widow of Windsor" -- "Queen Victoria: Mourning as Smart Power." Winning Their Trust And Affection : Royal Heirs And The Uses Of Soft Power In Nineteenth-century Europe / Frank Lorenz Müller -- The Royal Shop Window : Royal Heirs And The Monarchy In Post-risorgimento Italy, 1860-1878 / Maria-christina Marchi -- A Visible Presence : Royal Events, Media Images And Popular Spectatorship In Oscarian Sweden / Kristina Widestedt -- Royal Ambassadors : Monarchical Public Diplomacy And The United States / Erik Goldstein -- Ocular Sovereignty, Acclamatory Rulership And Political Communication : Visits Of Princes Of Wales To Bengal / Milinda Banerjee -- The Power Of Presence : Crafting A Norwegian Identity For The Bernadotte Heirs / Trond Norén Isaksen -- Bertie Prince Of Wales : Prince Hal And The Widow Of Windsor / Jane Ridley -- Archduke Franz Ferdinand : An Uncharming Prince? / Alma Hannig -- Dynastic Heritage And Bourgeois Morals : Monarchy And Family In The Nineteenth Century / Monika Wienfort -- The Importance Of Looking The Part : Heirs And Male Aesthetics In Nineteenth-century Spain / Richard Meyer Forsting -- How To Fashion The Popularity Of The British Monarchy : Alexandra, Princess Of Wales And The Attractions Of Attire / Imke Polland -- Love, Duty And Diplomacy : The Mixed Response To The 1947 Engagement Of Princess Elizabeth / Edward Owens -- A Sporting Hermes : Crown Prince Constantine And The Ancient Heritage Of Modern Greece / Miriam Schneider -- The King As Father, Orangism And The Uses Of A Hero : King William I Of The Netherlands And The Prince Of Orange, 1815-1840 / Jeroen Koch -- Narrating Prince Wilhelm Of Prussia : Commemorative Biography As Monarchical Politics Of Memory / Frederik Frank Sterkenburgh -- How European Was Nineteenth-century Royal Soft Power? / Heidi Mehrkens. Frank Lorenz Müller, Heidi Mehrkens, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xvi ‘Winning their Trust and Affection’: Royal Heirs and the Uses of Soft Power in Nineteenth-Century Europe....Pages 1-19 Front Matter....Pages 21-21 The Royal Shop Window: Royal Heirs and the Monarchy in Post-Risorgimento Italy, 1860–1878....Pages 23-44 A Visible Presence: Royal Events, Media Images and Popular Spectatorship in Oscarian Sweden....Pages 45-61 Royal Ambassadors: Monarchical Public Diplomacy and the United States....Pages 63-80 Ocular Sovereignty, Acclamatory Rulership and Political Communication: Visits of Princes of Wales to Bengal....Pages 81-100 Front Matter....Pages 101-101 The Power of Presence: Crafting a Norwegian Identity for the Bernadotte Heirs....Pages 103-121 Bertie Prince of Wales: Prince Hal and the Widow of Windsor....Pages 123-138 Archduke Franz Ferdinand: An Uncharming Prince?....Pages 139-160 Front Matter....Pages 161-161 Dynastic Heritage and Bourgeois Morals: Monarchy and Family in the Nineteenth Century....Pages 163-179 The Importance of Looking the Part: Heirs and Male Aesthetics in Nineteenth-Century Spain....Pages 181-200 How to Fashion the Popularity of the British Monarchy: Alexandra, Princess of Wales and the Attractions of Attire....Pages 201-221 Love, Duty and Diplomacy: The Mixed Response to the 1947 Engagement of Princess Elizabeth....Pages 223-240 Front Matter....Pages 241-241 A ‘Sporting Hermes’: Crown Prince Constantine and the Ancient Heritage of Modern Greece....Pages 243-261 The King as Father, Orangism and the Uses of a Hero: King William I of the Netherlands and the Prince of Orange, 1815–1840....Pages 263-280 Narrating Prince Wilhelm of Prussia: Commemorative Biography as Monarchical Politics of Memory....Pages 281-301 How European was Nineteenth-Century Royal Soft Power?....Pages 303-308 Back Matter....Pages 309-319