کتابخانه روتلج: مارکسیسم: مارکسیسم، تحلیل طبقاتی و پلورالیسم سوسیالیستی (rle مارکسیسم): نقد نظری و سیاسی تصورات مارکسیستی از سیاست (جلد ۲۲)

This book, first published in 1986, presents a radical challenge to socialist orthodoxy, subjecting a key component of that orthodoxy – Marxism – to sustained criticism. Les Johnston argues that Marxism cannot provide the foundations for a rigorous socialist theory or an effective socialist politics. A fundamental element of this criticism is the suggestion that the problem of ‘reductionism’ which has preoccupied Marxists is a red herring. Marxism’s problem is not its reductionism but its theoretical incoherence. Marxism is not ‘deterministic’, for there is invariably an indeterminate relationship between the materialism it invokes and the forms of politics it adopts. However, materialism is an obstacle to socialist theory. The contradictions and failures of Marxist class analysis suggest that the class concept is inadequate to the demands that socialists continue to place on it. It is not merely class which is problematic, however, but the conception of political interests which is associated with it. Even recent Marxist ‘revisionists’ who dispense with class primacy are unwilling to come to terms with the question of how socialist political interests are constituted. Socialist theory has to recognise the varied forces and interests on ‘the left’, and an effective socialism will have to be a pluralistic one. This means there can be no general theory of socialism, since a pluralistic socialism has to be able to adjust to varying social conditions. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Original Title Page 6 Original Copyright Page 7 Acknowledgement 8 Preface 10 Table of Contents 12 1 Introduction: Marxism and the materialist conception of politics 74 Section One MARXISM, MANAGERIALISM AND CAPITALIST POSSESSION 24 2 Marxism and the problem of the managers 26 3 Marxism, managerialism and corporate capitalism 41 Section Two MARXISM, POLITICS AND THE STATE 60 4 Classical Marxism and the state 62 5 Contemporary debates on the capitalist state 78 Section Three CLASS ANALYSIS AND SOCIALIST POLITICAL CALCULATION 96 6 Marxism and the problem of the working class 98 7 Class and political ideology: a non-reductionist solution? 114 Section Four THEORETICAL AND POLITICAL CONCLUSIONS 132 8 Socialist theory and socialist pluralism 134 Bibliography 159 Index 166 In this book, first published in 1992, the author examines the polemic fought by German Social-Democratic Party leaders and intellectuals Karl Kautsky and Eduard Bernstein against what they perceived to be misunderstandings of Marxism propagated by members of the Social-Democratic Federation (SDF) in England and by the socialist leader Wilhelm Liebknecht in Germany. The debate raised basic questions of socialist theory, including whether the program of Marx and Engels called for scholarly study, parliamentary democracy, and gradual social evolution, or for Utopian speculation, economic collapse George Orwell wrote in Nineteen Eighty Four that 'If there is hope, it lies in the proles.' A century earlier Marx was unequivocal: the future belonged to the proletariat. Today such confidence might seem misplaced. The proletariat has not yet fulfilled Marx's expectations, and seems unlikely ever to do so. How could Marx have entertained the notion that the proletariat would emancipate humanity from capitalism and from class rule itself? This book, first published in 1988, attempts an explanation by examining the sources and development of Marx's concept of the proletariat. It contends that t Marx's Grundrisse is acknowledged as the vital link between Marx's early and late work. It is also a crucial text in elucidating Marx's debt to the idealist philosopher G.W.F. Hegel. This book, first published in 1988, is the first full-length study of that relationship, in a thorough textual analysis which makes the connections explicit and also the Grundrisse's relations to the works of Adam Smith and Aristotle. This book argues that Marx's critique of political economy, and his critique of Hegel, are double interrelated. Not only did Marx adapt Hegelian logic in order to analyse the economi Section 1. Marxism, managerialism and capitalist possession -- section 2. Marxism, politics and the state -- section 3. Class analysis and socialist political calculation -- section 4. Theoretical and political conclusions Discusses material in the exhaustive edition of the works of Marx and Engels, the Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe, 1927-1932