Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics (Routledge International Handbooks)

From the United States to the Middle East, Asia and Africa, religion continues to be an important factor in political activity and organisation. The second edition of this successful handbook provides the definitive global survey of the interaction of religion and politics. Featuring contributions from an international team of experts, it examines the political aspects of all the world's major religions, including such crucial contemporary issues as religious fundamentalism, terrorism, the 'war on terror', the 'clash of civilizations', the Arab Spring, and science and religion. Each chapter has been updated to reflect the latest developments and thinking in the field, and new chapters such as ‘Postsecularism and international relations’ and ‘Securitization and Secularization: The two pillars of state regulation of European Islam’ have been added to ensure the book is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource. Four main themes addressed include: World religions and politics Religion and governance Religion and international relations Religion, security and development References at the end of each chapter have been overhauled to guide the reader towards the most up-to-date information on various topics. This book is an indispensable source of information for students, academics and the wider public interested in the dynamic relationship between politics and religion. COVER ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF RELIGION AND POLITICS TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT PAGE CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS Figures Tables Boxes CONTRIBUTORS INTRODUCTION: RELIGION, IDENTITY, SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE Security Governance and global order Conclusion Notes References PART I: WORLD RELIGIONS AND POLITICS CHAPTER 1: BUDDHISM AND POLITICS The past The present The future Notes References CHAPTER 2: CHRISTIANITY: PROTESTANTISM Why study global Protestant politics? Protestantism as heir to the Western Christian tradition The politics of early Protestantism Theocracy, nationalism, religious freedom and pacifism in early Protestantism Protestantism and democracy Protestantism and revolution Protestantism and imperialism Protestantism and human rights Protestantism in advanced societies in the age of mass politics The United States: civil rights and the religious right Protestantism, violence and peacemaking Protestantism in the global South The future of Protestant politics Notes References CHAPTER 3: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND CATHOLICISM IN GLOBAL POLITICS Theological and historical context Vatican diplomacy and Catholic global activism Europe: Christian roots and secularisation The United States: robust presence and emerging challenges Latin America: democracy and development Africa: Catholic leaven in struggles Asia: a quest for civil society Crisis for Christianity in the Middle East Conclusion: to the future Notes References CHAPTER 4: CONFUCIANISM: CLASSICAL, NEO- AND ‘NEW’ A religion? Political elites Scholars Social Confucianism Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 5: HINDUISM AND POLITICS Introduction: the pre-colonial period and the question of Hinduism The colonial period and the emergence of Hinduism as a term in politics Hinduism and politics in the twentieth-century independence movement Nehru and secularism in post-independence India Hinduism in Indian politics and the Bavari Mosque 1992 BJP governments led by Atal Behari Vajpayee (1996, 1998-2004) Narendra Modi (b. 1950) The BJP government under Narendra Modi (2014-) The Diaspora and the future Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 6: SUNNI ISLAM AND ISLAMISM Introduction Principles of Islam Early history and expansion Late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century political debates From peaceful reform to armed resistance in early-twentieth-century Egypt The radicalisation of Islamism in the Sunni world From armed struggle to elections: contemporary Islamism in Egypt before the Arab Spring Political Islam and the changing conditions of the Middle East Islam and revolution? Islam(ism) and democracy The Arab Uprisings Radicalisation and extremism after the Arab Spring Islamism in theory and in practice Islam, globalisation and the Internet Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 7: SHIISM AND POLITICS Islam’s sacred foundations and the rise of Shiism Shiism and political principles Between the state and the nation: autocratic versus democratic Shiism Anti-Islamic modernisation and the rise of theocratic Islam Democratic revolution and theocratic republic Between praetorian theocracy and secular democracy Concluding remarks Notes References CHAPTER 8: JUDAISM: STATE AND FOREIGN POLICY The Jews and the state Judaism and territoriality Jewish foreign policy and the state The Jewish state and world Jewry Conclusion Notes References PART II: RELIGION AND GOVERNANCE CHAPTER 9: RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM Introduction: a controversial concept The early scholarly works and the ‘Fundamentalism Project’ Other theoretical perspectives Concluding remarks Notes References CHAPTER 10: RELIGION AND THE STATE Religion and the state in modern Europe Beyond Europe: contemporary religion-state relations in the rest of the world Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 11: RELIGION AND THE ‘THIRD WAVE OF DEMOCRACY’ The third wave of democracy Explaining the shift from authoritarian to democratic rule Islam and democratisation in the Middle East Christian churches and democratisation in Sub-Saharan Africa Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 12: ORGANIZING POLITICS: RELIGION AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Religion and political parties: a theoretical overview A framework for the study of religion and political parties The Catholic Church and political parties in Europe Religion and political parties in the USA Islamic parties in the Middle East Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 13: RELIGION AND CIVIL SOCIETY Introduction Development of the concept Islam and civil society Looking to the future: civil society, the public sphere and ‘new’ media Notes References CHAPTER 14: SECURITIZATION AND SECULARIZATION: THE TWO PILLARS OF STATE REGULATION OF EUROPEAN ISLAM Securitization: the embodiment of Islam as an exception In search of the good Muslim: how European states are reshaping Islam Conclusion Notes References PART III: RELIGION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CHAPTER 15: POSTSECULARISM AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Introduction Habermas’ cognitive account of postsecularism An embodied understanding of postsecularism: the case of the 2011 Egyptian revolution Towards a cognitive and embodied postsecularism: the case of faith-based organisations and migration Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 16: INTEGRATING RELIGION INTO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY Classical realism and religion Legitimacy World-views Institutions Non-state religious actors and transnational religious movements Religious states Other transnational religious trends, issues, and phenomena Identity Conclusions Notes References CHAPTER 17: RELIGION AND FOREIGN POLICY Religion’s influence on individuals and foreign policy Domestic actors, politics, and foreign policy States, foreign policy, and religion Transnational actors and foreign policy Conclusion: prescriptions for an effective foreign policy Notes References CHAPTER 18: TRANSNATIONAL RELIGIOUS ACTORS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Beyond Westphalia? Globalization, transnational religious communities and international relations The Roman Catholic Church Sikh transnational religious actors: the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 19: RELIGIONS IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD Introduction and overview Cases: problems and issues From cases to theory: convergence and divergence Conclusions and prospects Notes References PART IV: RELIGION, SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 20: RELIGION, POLITICS AND GENDER Introduction Religion, secularization and gender politics Multiculturalism, feminism and religion Women and religious activism Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 21: FAITH-BASED ORGANISATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT Changing strategies to achieve improved development Faith-based organisations and development The World Bank, FBOs and development FBOs and the state: strategy for improved development Conclusion Notes References CHAPTER 22: RELIGIOUS TERRORISM IN GLOBAL POLITICS Religious terrorism around the world The global rise of religious terrorism Notes References CHAPTER 23: THE RISE OF RELIGIOUS PEACEBUILDING Introduction ‘Secular’ peacebuilding Religious peacebuilding The rise of religious peacebuilding Religious leaders and peacebuilding: opportunities Future development: religious peacebuilding Notes References INDEX