Routledge Handbook of Counter-Narratives (Routledge International Handbooks)

Routledge Handbook of Counter-Narratives is a landmark volume providing students, university lecturers, and practitioners with a comprehensive and structured guide to the major topics and trends of research on counter-narratives. The concept of counter-narratives covers resistance and opposition as told and framed by individuals and social groups. Counter-narratives are stories impacting on social settings that stand opposed to (perceived) dominant and powerful master-narratives. In sum, the contributions in this handbook survey how counter-narratives unfold power to shape and change various fields. Fields investigated in this handbook are organizations and professional settings, issues of education, struggles and concepts of identity and belonging, the political field, as well as literature and ideology. The handbook is framed by a comprehensive introduction as well as a summarizing chapter providing an outlook on future research avenues. Its direct and clear appeal will support university learning and prompt both students and researchers to further investigate the arena of narrative research.-- Provided by publisher Cover......Page 1 Endorsement......Page 2 Half Title......Page 4 Series Information......Page 5 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright Page......Page 7 Table of contents......Page 8 Figures......Page 12 Tables......Page 13 Contributors......Page 14 Acknowledgements......Page 22 Introduction: What counter- narratives are: Dimensions and levels of a theory of middle range......Page 24 What narratives are......Page 25 On counter-narrative as a theory of middle-range......Page 27 Culture, organizing and sense making as macro, meso and micro observation categories......Page 29 Counter-narratives as a methodological perspective......Page 31 Counter-narratives in organization and profession......Page 32 Counter-narrative in education......Page 33 Counter-narratives and their relevance for belonging and identity......Page 34 References......Page 35 Part I Theoretical discussions and developments......Page 38 1 Toward a theory of counter-narratives: Narrative contestation, cultural canonicity, and tellability......Page 40 Metonymic confusion......Page 41 Jerome Bruner, canonicity, and the breach......Page 42 Narratives in contest......Page 44 Counter or alternative narrative?......Page 45 Beyond Bruner: contesting history......Page 46 A difficult case......Page 47 Counter, contested, hegemonic, or alternative narratives?......Page 50 References......Page 51 A dialogical approach to narrative......Page 53 Three levels of dialogical narrative subjectivity......Page 57 Ontology of counter-narratives......Page 59 Ethical evaluation of counter-narratives......Page 62 Conclusion......Page 63 References......Page 64 Introduction......Page 66 The middles of storytelling......Page 68 A dialectical perspective on narratives and counter-narratives......Page 69 The dialectical middle and its polarized space......Page 70 Case study of D1......Page 71 The dialogical middle and its open space......Page 73 Case Study of D2......Page 75 The antenarrative middle – creating a free space for multiplicity and polyphony......Page 77 References......Page 79 Introduction......Page 81 Third antenarrative inquiry: Bakhtinian architectonic dialogism......Page 85 References......Page 91 Introduction......Page 93 Narrative practices......Page 94 Counter narratives – a preliminary definition......Page 95 Frames, metaphor, claims-making, stance-taking, positioning, and membership categorization vis-à-vis narrative practices......Page 96 Positioning vis-à-vis: the interactional grounding of narrative practices......Page 97 Master-narratives, dominant discourses, ‘the background’ – specifying how ‘counter-narratives’ fit into them......Page 99 Counter-narratives and the narrative practice approach: a complementary methodology......Page 102 References......Page 103 Part II Methodological considerations......Page 106 The poststructuralist approach to narrative and counter-narrative......Page 108 Foucauldian theories: exploring the tool-box......Page 110 Master-narrative......Page 111 Counter-narrative......Page 112 Identity......Page 113 Analyzing discourses and counter-discourses in master-narratives and counter-narratives......Page 114 Analyzing new subjectivities made possible in counter-narratives......Page 115 Discussion and conclusion......Page 116 References......Page 118 Beyond the linguistic turn......Page 121 Sociology of knowledge, the interpretive paradigm, and discourse......Page 122 The sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD)......Page 127 References......Page 130 Introduction......Page 133 A brief review: The laws of thought and common sense......Page 134 A critique: Common sense coding as analytical strategy......Page 136 Counter-narratives as alternative analytical strategies......Page 137 Alternative to the law of non-contradiction: Multiple stories and ambiguity......Page 138 Alternative to the law of the excluded middle: Tensions, contradictions and paradoxes......Page 139 Conclusion......Page 141 References......Page 142 Introduction......Page 145 Accounting and accounts: a brief introduction......Page 146 Counter-accounts......Page 147 Counter-accounts as a research methodology......Page 149 Counter-accounts as a research topic......Page 150 References......Page 152 Introduction......Page 155 Narratives in family contexts......Page 156 Methodological approach......Page 157 Constructive design research: social games as research artifacts......Page 158 Research context......Page 159 Analysis......Page 162 The tattoo of dad’s best friend......Page 163 The Fun Family narrative......Page 164 Counter narratives of good parenting......Page 167 Discussion......Page 168 Concluding remarks......Page 169 References......Page 170 Part III Counter-narratives, organizations and professions......Page 172 Introduction......Page 174 Collective identity in the craft brewing movement......Page 175 The Danish craft brewing movement as counter-narrative......Page 176 Exploring the identity of Danish craft breweries......Page 178 Collective identity......Page 179 Organizational identity in the context of the collective......Page 182 Counter-narrativizing collective and organizational identity......Page 184 Conclusions......Page 186 References......Page 187 Introduction......Page 189 A case study in a Danish bank......Page 190 Dialogic organizational studies......Page 191 Narrative versus (living) story......Page 192 Antenarrative and antenarratology......Page 193 Small story analysis......Page 194 Analysis: positioning model and questioning methodology......Page 195 Level one: who are the characters, and how are they relationally positioned?......Page 196 Level three: how do narrators position themselves to themselves? Who am I in all this?......Page 198 Storytelling organization theory versus small story analysis......Page 199 Discussion and concluding remarks......Page 202 References......Page 203 Introduction......Page 205 The construction of organization identity......Page 206 (Counter)narratives and critical discourse analysis......Page 207 Data and methodology......Page 208 Analytical frame......Page 209 Richard......Page 210 Betty......Page 212 Discussion......Page 214 Notes......Page 215 References......Page 216 Introduction......Page 218 Narrative time and organizational change......Page 219 Bourdieu’s concepts and field temporalization......Page 220 Methods......Page 222 Creating the new department in time and space......Page 223 Phase one: ‘frontrunners’ winning new capital in the field, the story of the B&A nurses......Page 224 New professional opportunities......Page 225 Phase two: the history of the A&E nurses......Page 226 Narrative sideshadowing as a return to the past......Page 227 Sideshadowing the future as a joint space......Page 228 Conclusion......Page 229 References......Page 230 Introduction......Page 232 The concept of counter-narrative in our study......Page 233 Previous research: the master narrative of journalism......Page 234 The launching of VGRfokus......Page 235 The media landscape as a narrative jungle......Page 236 VGRfokus: a parallel narrative to the master narrative of journalism......Page 237 Positioning VGRfokus strategic as a counter-narrative to defend the master narrative of journalism......Page 239 Retelling the narratives in a discursive struggle......Page 241 Concluding discussion......Page 243 References......Page 244 Part IV Counter-narratives and education......Page 246 Introduction......Page 248 The master-narrative of “good parenting” in education......Page 249 Parental school choice as a matter of “good parenting”......Page 250 Methodology: reconstructing counter-narratives via text structure analysis......Page 251 Context, data and methods......Page 252 The starting sequence of the school choice narrative......Page 253 Conclusion......Page 257 References......Page 258 Twice-exceptionality......Page 261 Dominant narratives in twice-exceptional discourse......Page 262 Data collection......Page 263 Data analysis......Page 264 Diagnosis and identification counter-narrative......Page 265 Resiliency counter-narrative......Page 268 Parental agency counter-narrative......Page 271 Discussion......Page 274 References......Page 275 Critical Race Theory and counter-narratives in social work......Page 278 Narrative inquiry......Page 279 Educational context and course background......Page 280 Personal stories and the narrative self......Page 281 Creating space for counter-narratives......Page 283 Storytelling for transformational learning......Page 286 Conclusion......Page 287 References......Page 288 Introduction: an on-going field transformation in higher education......Page 290 Why a narrative perspective on this struggle for authority in the university?......Page 291 What is a hegemonic narrative?......Page 292 What is a counter-narrative?......Page 293 The Humboldtian university model – a hegemonic narrative?......Page 294 The managerial university: a counter-narrative?......Page 295 Discussion and conclusion: transitioning from counter- to ante- to hegemonic narrative?......Page 296 References......Page 298 Part V Counter-narratives, literature and ideology......Page 304 Introduction......Page 306 Counter-narratives in non-fiction and travelogues......Page 307 Counter-narratives as a part of the story......Page 309 Verbal counter-action of the official level......Page 310 Traveling to evaluate and contradict......Page 312 Traveling in the ‘grand time’......Page 314 References......Page 315 Introduction......Page 317 Contesting Mau Mau’s ethnic bend: Wimbo Mpya (2004)......Page 320 Contesting the Mau Mau heroic myth: Dust (2013)......Page 324 Conclusion......Page 327 References......Page 328 22 Australian speculative indigenous fiction as counter-narrative: Post-apocalyptic environments and indigenous ancestral .........Page 330 Ecocritical approaches and speculative indigenous narrative......Page 331 The virus......Page 334 The Swan Lake swamp and community......Page 336 Reclaiming wilderness......Page 340 References......Page 342 Introduction......Page 344 Manguso’s and Gerhardt’s narratives of illness......Page 345 The genre of illness narratives......Page 346 The prescriptive masterplot: coherence and triumph......Page 347 The challenges to the masterplot: critiques and calls for other representations......Page 348 Counter-narratives......Page 349 Form in Manguso......Page 350 Form in Gerhardt......Page 351 Manguso’s subversion of the triumph narrative......Page 352 Gerhardt’s space, time and conundrum of meaning......Page 353 Conclusion......Page 355 References......Page 356 Part VI Counter-narratives, belonging and identities......Page 358 24 After Charlottesville: Using counter-narrative to protect a white heritage discourse......Page 360 The Camp Chase heritage complex......Page 362 The African American counter-narrative......Page 366 Conclusion......Page 370 References......Page 371 Introduction......Page 374 The red pill: a metaphor and a masterplot for the antifeminist counter-narrative......Page 375 Positioning misogyny as tellable......Page 377 The three counter-narratives of “M”......Page 379 The Lost Macho Man counter-narrative......Page 380 The Middlebrow Renaissance Man counter-narrative......Page 381 The dark polyphony of generic happenings......Page 382 Conclusion......Page 383 Literature......Page 384 26 Othering and belonging in education: Master and counter-narratives of education and ethnicity......Page 386 The method – the narrative interview......Page 387 Master and counter-narratives......Page 388 Other, otherness and othering......Page 389 Abir, Faisal and Salma: the three student participants......Page 390 Abir and public school......Page 391 Abir – L2 in adult education......Page 392 Faisal’s narrative of education......Page 393 Salma – in and between L2......Page 394 Othering and the concept of master and counter-narratives......Page 395 References......Page 396 Biography and narrative......Page 398 Master and counter narratives in biographies......Page 399 Narratives of self-optimization in the context of migration......Page 401 Subject models in media representations......Page 402 Jamshed: affirmative appropriation......Page 404 Gisou: resistance and subversion......Page 406 Discussion......Page 407 Works cited......Page 408 Part VII Counter-narratives and the political sphere......Page 410 Introduction: a countering masterplot......Page 412 Popular understanding of master and counter-narratives in the Dangers of Narrative crowdsourcing project......Page 414 Popular and viral narratives countering the Nordic welfare system......Page 416 The personal counter-narrative’s virality and resistance in social media......Page 419 References......Page 423 Introduction......Page 425 Food security as a neoliberal concept......Page 427 A list of claims......Page 428 The meaning of “food” and “sovereignty” in food sovereignty......Page 429 Critique......Page 430 Archaeology of discourses: agriculture in development discourse......Page 431 Genealogy of practices: agriculture as biopolitics......Page 432 Resistance and subjugated knowledge......Page 433 Plot, space and time structures: characteristics of narratives......Page 434 Change the plot: farewell to the entrepreneur......Page 435 References......Page 436 Introduction......Page 439 Counter-narratives, narratives, discourse......Page 440 Progressive narratives of EU integration as the constitutive elements of a dominant discourse......Page 442 Anti-federalist narrative of the European superstate......Page 444 The narrative of the neoliberal project......Page 445 The narrative of the democratic deficit......Page 446 Conclusion: forget the bicycle – the EU can stand (and fall later)......Page 447 References......Page 448 31 Between convention and resistance: Counter-narrative strategies in political asylum claims......Page 453 Asylum, political opinion and the machinery of the state......Page 454 Law, counter-narrative and disjunctive realities......Page 455 Law and policy......Page 456 Culture......Page 457 The right side of history, the wrong side of the law......Page 458 Embodying “American” values......Page 459 Fighting Communism......Page 460 Discussion and conclusion......Page 462 Works cited......Page 463 Concluding remarks: Narrative processuality and future research avenues for counter-narrative studies......Page 465 Review of the last 16 years of counter-narrative studies......Page 466 Beyond a strict narrative/counter-narrative duality and towards narrative context sensitivity and processuality......Page 467 Counter-narratives are not positive, conflictual or straightforward phenomena per se......Page 468 Storytelling organisation theory......Page 469 The narrative practice approach: counter-narrative as multiple layers of (re)positioning......Page 470 Counter-narrative studies point towards “hegemonic” agendas and diverse narrative ecologies......Page 472 Methodological challenges and pitfalls within narrative studies......Page 473 Inspiration from discourse studies......Page 474 Multiple layers of narratives and discourses......Page 475 Methodological metaphors of zooming in-and out and a toolkit logic......Page 476 Avoidance of drawing out common sense analytical findings and performing (counter) narrative tautologic studies......Page 478 The emancipation paradox and the Achilles heel of narrative polyphony......Page 479 Summing up and outline of future counter-narrative research avenues......Page 480 Narrative and storytelling activism......Page 481 References......Page 482 Index......Page 485 Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: What counter- narratives are: Dimensions and levels of a theory of middle range -- What narratives are -- Why counter-narrative? -- On counter-narrative as a theory of middle-range -- Levels and areas of (counter-)narrative analysis -- Culture, organizing and sense making as macro, meso and micro observation categories -- Overview of chapters -- Counter-narratives as a theoretical concept -- Counter-narratives as a methodological perspective -- Counter-narratives in organization and profession -- Counter-narrative in education -- Counter-narratives, literature and ideology -- Counter-narratives and their relevance for belonging and identity -- Counter-narratives and the political sphere -- References -- Part I Theoretical discussions and developments -- 1 Toward a theory of counter-narratives: Narrative contestation, cultural canonicity, and tellability -- Metonymic confusion -- Jerome Bruner, canonicity, and the breach -- Narratives in contest -- Counter or alternative narrative? -- Beyond Bruner: contesting history -- A difficult case -- Counter, contested, hegemonic, or alternative narratives? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 A dialogics of counter-narratives -- A dialogical approach to narrative -- Three levels of dialogical narrative subjectivity -- Ontology of counter-narratives -- Ethical evaluation of counter-narratives -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Counter-narratives and counter-stories: The dynamics of dialectical dialogical storytelling -- Introduction -- The middles of storytelling -- A dialectical perspective on narratives and counter-narratives -- The dialectical middle and its polarized space -- The excluded middle and its closed space