Routledge Companion to Cycling (Routledge International Handbooks)

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of figures List of tables About the contributors An introduction to the companion to cycling Cycling and its discontents Non-conformist uses of the bicycle References Part I: Cycling and society: An introduction References Chapter 1: Theorizing cycling Why theorize? Knowledge and theory Varieties of thinking and theorizing Cycling as a sociotechnology Cycling as a cyborg activity Cycling as a social practice Automobility and vélomobility Conclusions References Chapter 2: Cycling and gender: Past, present and paths ahead Introduction From gender to gendering Recovering cycling histories Gendering cycling today Challenges to cycling Enabling participation Conclusion References Chapter 3: The precarious work of platform cycle delivery workers Introduction: from cycle work to gig work. A brief history Conceptualizing precarity from an intersectional perspective. From the right to a livelihood to the right to the road Gender Ethnicity and migrant status Concluding reflections Acknowledgement Bibliography Chapter 4: The sociality of cycling Introduction The bikespace and the importance of demand for cycling Examples of enhanced sociality Community bike workshops Critical mass/vélorution and bike events Conclusion References Vignette A: Black cyclists matter: Major Taylor – Au Parc des Princes 1901 Bibliography Chapter 5: Programs for cycling inclusion Why cycling inclusion matters The cycling participation ladder Examples of initiatives and programs working toward cycling inclusion Access Competence Embrace Conclusion References Chapter 6: The potential of “bike-like” vehicles to provide big wins for climate change, safety and justice Urban living and car travel Design factors Safety and speed Human-scaled vehicles Energy efficiency Bicycles are the template Toward a solution Beginnings of a research and policy agenda References Chapter 7: Mobility, freedom and self-determination: The benefits (and barriers) to disabled people cycling Introduction Cycling, mobility & health Cycling as mobility Cycling and health Barriers to cycling Health professionals Social attitudes – and their impact Conclusion Notes References Part II: Cycle technology: An introduction Why is cycle technology important? Evolution of cycle technology Technological dead ends The influence of fashion Technology push versus market pull Chapters in this part Chapter 8: Configuration of cycles Defining a cycle Cycling as machine sports The bicycle sector Gender Cycling science Friction Inertia Tire friction Air drag How many wheels? How many operators? Unicycles Dicycles Bicycles Tandem Sociable Triplet Tricycle Quadricycles Recumbents Aerodynamics: streamliners, velomobiles and fairings Future city cycles References Chapter 9: Frames and materials Structural principles Resisting compression and tension Resisting bending The effect of cross-sectional shape Resisting torsion Resisting shear forces Coping with multiple loads Fatigue Types of frames Accommodating steering and suspension Separable and folding frames Multi-rider cycles Frame geometry Recumbents Standard cycles Factors affecting steering behavior Trail Wheel flop Optimizing steering behavior Materials Assembly of frames Future developments Additional reading Chapter 10: Wheels and shock absorption Hubs Hub shells Hub gears, dynamos and brakes Axles Rims Spokes Tires Pneumatic tires The problem of punctures Single-tube tires Sew-ups Wired-on tires Tubeless tires Valves Tread patterns Suspension Mountain bikes, hybrids and e-bikes Road bikes Small-wheelers Source list Chapter 11: Transmission and brakes Transmission Single gear transmission Belts and shafts Variable gears Derailleur gears Hub gears Hybrid gears Shifting Continuously variable gears and non-circular chainrings Brakes Spoon or plunger brakes Rim brakes Coaster or back-pedal brakes Rim brake problems Hub brake problems Caliper brakes Cantilever brakes, U-brakes and roller cam brakes Direct pull brakes Disc brakes Drum brakes, roller brakes and band brakes The future of cycle braking References Further Reading Chapter 12: Passenger carrying Carrying children Early child seats Trailers and side-cars Child seats in recent decades Trailer-bikes Child trailers Cargo bicycles and tricycles Lights Tires and suspension Power-assistance Carrying adult passengers – rickshaws Conclusion Source list Vignette B: Micromobility in Rwanda Sources Chapter 13: Cycling technologies and disability Cycles, bodies and minds Mobility Stress and anxiety Cardiovascular problems Visually impaired Autoimmune diseases Balance and equilibrium Types of cycles for PWD Manumotive machines (a.k.a. handcycles/hand-cranked) Pedomotive machines (pedal cranked/non-adapted) Sociables Tandems Power-assisted cycles Chair transporters Stability machines Reflections on the makers Conclusion Bibliography Part III: The cycling economy: An introduction References Chapter 14: The global bicycle industry Background The rise of China as the world’s major bicycle maker Trends in the world’s cycle industry today: an overview Recent trends 1: bicycle assembly Recent trends 2: industrial clustering Recent trends 3: automation Recent trends 4: designing bicycles Recent trends 5: consolidation of makers and brands Recent trends 6: off-shoring vs re-shoring Summary and conclusions Acknowledgement Bibliography Chapter 15: The value chains and production clusters of Taiwan’s bicycle industry Taiwan bicycle industry development background Industry budding and import substitution (1949–1970) Export-oriented development (1970–1980) Need for relocation, transformation, and upgrading of production (1980–1990) International low-price competition (1991–2002) Research and development (R&D) to increase value-added (2003–2016) Competitive advantages of high value-added products (2017~) Development of bicycle clusters A-Team development and the value chain Consumers’ role and branding Conclusion References Chapter 16: Bicycle trade shows as transactional spaces In the beginning Three types of cycle trade shows Manufacturers’ shows Distributor shows Consumer shows Trade shows and the information economy Trade shows versus digital communication Conclusion References Chapter 17: Retailing bicycles Logistics of bicycle supply chains Advertising and sponsorships Mass vs specialty Bikes vs accessories High-end custom bikes American bike shops become specialty bicycle retailers How many bike shops are there in America? Five types of American bike shops Multi-store chain Brand Specialty Independent (IBD) New-wave (including mobile) bike shops Online Estimated annual retail sales of specialty bicycle retailers What will the bike shop of the future look like? 3D printing A closing word about electric bicycles References Chapter 18: On the shoulders of Giant: Cluster innovation and entrepreneurship in the Taiwanese bicycle industry Introduction A brief history of Giant The crises and cross-national linkages of Taiwan’s bicycle industry Development, crises and the state Outward investment and the formation of a cross-national production network Local evolution and global upgrading: role of the A-Team Development of the A-Team Recent developments Conclusions and policy implications Bibliography Chapter 19: Street trades and work cycles Introduction Cycling economies Work cycle technologies Work cycle purposes in Mexico City Passenger transport Goods delivery Street vending Work cycle imaginaries Conclusion References Vignette C: Mobile cycle repairing in Beijing Source Part IV: Urban cycling: An introduction Chapter summaries Conclusion References Chapter 20: Cycling infrastructure: Planning cycle networks Introduction Planning cycle networks Design principles Routes with other traffic Cycleways Junctions and crossings Priority junctions Signal control Roundabouts Crossings Cycle parking Concluding summary References Vignette D: Cycling infrastructure in Lund, Sweden References Chapter 21: Situating the mobility fix of contemporary urban cycling policy Introduction Manifestations of cycling policy: behavior change, infrastructure and public bikes Behavior change Cycle infrastructure Public Bike Sharing Schemes Theorizing cycling policy: biopolitics and mobility fixing Questions raised by current directions in cycling policy References Chapter 22: Making space for cycling Introduction Bicycle space: beyond infrastructure Temporary spaces Policy spaces Activist spaces Conclusion References Vignette E: B2W Indonesia and the re-cycling of Jakarta Further reading Chapter 23: Shared micromobility: Policy, practices, and emerging futures Brief history, growth, and evolution of shared micromobility User demographics and shared micromobility impacts Shared micromobility policies and practices Future of shared micromobility References Further Reading Chapter 24: E-bikes: Expanding the practice of cycling? Defining e-bikes Historical perspective E-cycling: main findings of the literature E-cycling: expanding the practice of cycling? Outlook: the future of (e-)cycling? References Chapter 25: Cycling safety as mobility justice Safety concerns: a top barrier to cycling Approaches to studying cycling safety Objective safety Perceived safety Who is safe? Who feels safe? Cycling as mobility justice Centering power in cycling safety Considering intersectionality Conclusion References Part V: Sport, health and lifestyle: An introduction Reference Chapter 26: Amateur sport cycling: The rise of the MAMIL Introduction The rise of the MAMIL British cycling success and the ‘Wiggo Effect’ The changing face of amateur road cycling Delving inside the lifeworld of the MAMIL Motivation Becoming Materials and technology Experience Gender roles Impact on everyday practical cycling Summary Bibliography Chapter 27: Professional road cycling Introduction The peculiar context of road cycling A team sport won by individuals A sport with heterogeneous competitions A sport practiced on public roads by teams without a home base Professional road cycling today Institutional setting League structure Economic value The challenges for professional road cycling The fragile business model ASO’s dominance The relatively small and aged TV audience The doping legacy References Vignette F: In the peloton References Chapter 28: Off-road cycling History of the sport Types of off-road biking Mountain biking competitions and events Who mountain bikes? Environmental impacts Conclusion References Chapter 29: Track cycling Track bicycles Velodromes Olympic track events Sprint events Endurance events Physiology and training of track cyclists Madison square garden, six days of new york The hour record Bibliography Vignette G: Keirin culture Origins of keirin Keirin racing Koichi Nakano Women’s Keirin Uniform Keirin bicycles A Keirin race Betting: line and tactics Wager and odds Keirin in the world Further reading Chapter 30: Health benefits of cycling Introduction and framework Physical health benefits of cycling in adults Recent systematic reviews Summary of most recent intervention and cohort studies Cycling and physical health benefits among children and adolescents Cycling and mental health Physical activity and mental health in children and adults Cycling-specific studies of mental health Health risks of cycling Conclusion References Chapter 31: Doping in cycling: Past, present and future trends Introduction and overview Doping for strength and endurance The need for doping in cycling The prevalence of doping Doping amateurs Doping in the Tour de France The Festina Affair and Operation Puerto Anti-doping policies and detection methods The biological passport and the athlete whereabouts reporting system Legal definitions of doping and grey zones Sanctions for doping Hiding and evading doping Confessing doping The Lance Armstrong saga: “Pursuing the American dream” “Clean cycling” and doping in the future Mechanical doping Genetic therapy/engineering Conclusion References Further resources Part VI: Places of cycling: An introduction Vignette H: Early cycling in the Bois De Boulogne, Paris Notes Chapter 32: Cycling’s symphony of place Awheel: our senses of place, time, distance, memory, and now Cycling’s illustrators Cycling’s geographers Landseeërs in a digital age References Further Reading Vignette I: Constructing peaceful places through bicycles References Chapter 33: In quest of adventures The adventure of cycling The culture of cycle venturing Urban cycle journeys From imperialistic chauvinism to accepting cultural differences Introspective journeying Two journeys past and present Bibliography Vignette J: Winter cycling: Montreal’s four-season bicycle network Year-round bicycle use Towards a four-season cycling network Evolving perceptions and discourse References Chapter 34: The Africanized bicycle Introduction Early traces and evaluations Economic relevance of cycling during colonial times Current uses and cultural appropriation Conclusion: bicycles between appreciation and pragmatism Notes References Vignette K: Wheels of Fire: Women cycling in the Middle East Bibliography Chapter 35: Cycling in Indian cities: Between everyday cyclists and affluent cyclists Introduction Who cycles in the Indian city? Evolution of cycling in Indian cities Cycling in transport policies and programs Planning for cycling at city level – Pune bicycle plan 2017 Making cycling mainstream – Cycle4Change program Making cycling available & affordable – public bicycle sharing system Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 36: The rise of the Kingdom of Bicycles The early years From the Imperial entourage to the general public (late 19th century–1949) Extreme scarcity to full saturation (1950–1990s) E-vehicles, the internet, and globalization: 2000 to the present The emergence of electric bicycles Bicycle sharing Made in China and sold all over the world References Chapter 37: Copenhagen is a good place to bike: But it could be better… Infrastructure and planning matters Focusing on the stories that have an impact Concluding remarks References Vignette L: Beach Road, Melbourne Bibliography Chapter 38: Bogotá: Perspectives on the “World Bike Capital” Note References Part VII: The visual culture of cycling Chapter 39: The machine aesthetic: The visual identity of the bicycle and its representation in advertising and artefacts References Chapter 40: Dressed to ride Sporting men Sporting women The dress problem The problem with the dress problem The new dandies References Chapter 41: Cycle posters of the Belle Époque The poster artists Symbols and emblems of the cycle makes Illustrators delineate the thematic preferences of makers Appropriate cycle themes Social life opening to cycling Further Reading Chapter 42: Art and the cycle Bibliography Vignette M: The space between Ai Weiwei’s “Forever Bicycles” Bibliography Further Reading Chapter 43: Cycling and cinema: Revolutionary films Comedy Work Sport Gender Children References Further Reading Part VIII: Cycling in literature: An introduction Bibliography and Further reading Chapter 44: The bicycle and the creative pursuit in French literature References Chapter 45: The liberating bicycle in literature Adolescents, bikes, and liberation Gender nonconformists, bikes, and liberation The working class, bikes, and liberation Conclusion References Chapter 46: Cycling humor in turn-of-the-century literature Bibliography Chapter 47: On bards on bicycles: The art of cycling poetry Poetry on wheels Why poetry? The language of cycling A brief history of rhyme That freewheeling feeling The first mover All work and all play References Further reading Chapter 48: “The stutter of the world beneath you”: The literature of cycle travel Pilgrims Ramblers Adventurers References Index "Routledge Companion to Cycling presents a comprehensive overview of an artefact that throughout the modern era has been a bellwether indicator of the major social, economic and environmental trends that have permeated society. The volume synthesizes a rapidly growing body of research on the bicycle, its past and present uses, its technological evolution, its use in diverse geographical settings, its aesthetics and its deployment in art and literature. From its origins in early modern carriage technology in Germany, it has generated what is now a vast, multi-disciplinary literature encompassing a wide range of issues in countries throughout the world"-- Provided by publisher