Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems : Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research, Held 14–18 July 1996 at Madren Conference Center, Clemson University, C

The International Society of Root Research sponsored the Symposium "Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, GrassLands and Forest Ecosystems," July 14-18, 1996, at the Madren Conference Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. The conference was a continuation of a series of international symposiums on root research held every three to four years. Symposiums have also been held twice in Vienna, Austria, and once in Uppsala, Sweden, and Almaty, Kazahkstan prior to the meeting at Clemson University. The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to include root scientists from the former Soviet Union because of the importance of exchanging information on a worldwide basis. This symposium continued and promoted that effort by providing travel grants to several scientists from that region; however, funds for that purpose were limited. Therefore, in compiling these proceedings, a number of papers from scientists from the former Soviet Union and former Warsaw Pack countries have been included even though the scientists were not actually present for the SymPOSIum. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Influence of CO 2 enrichment and nitrogen fertilization on tissue chemistry and carbon allocation in longleaf pine seedlings....Pages 3-18 Root distribution and production in native and introduced pastures in the South American savannas....Pages 19-41 Role of plant root exudates in soil carbon and nitrogen transformation....Pages 43-54 Biomass of underground organs in Transbaikalian steppe phytocenoses....Pages 55-60 Effect of reclaimation on the dynamics of aboveground and underground phytomass of cultured meadow communities in different ecotypes of Lithuania....Pages 61-73 Front Matter....Pages 75-75 Root growth in Siberian larch ( Larix Sibirica Ledeb.) seedlings seasonal variations and effects of various growing regimes, prolonged cold storage and soil temperatures....Pages 77-88 Nutrient composition of Douglas-fir rhizosphere and bulk soil solutions....Pages 89-103 Seasonal development of loblolly pine lateral roots in response to stand density and fertilisation....Pages 105-113 Inhibition of fungal colonization on the rhizoplane of the CS 2 -producing plant, Mimosa pudica L.....Pages 115-126 Production of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) from L-djenkolic acid in the roots of Mimosa pudica L.....Pages 127-137 Root biomass of the root-herb layer in coniferous ecosystems of Slovakia....Pages 139-145 Root-shoot relationships in plant adaptation to nitrogen deficiency....Pages 147-154 Morphological intraspecific diversity of below-ground organs in herbs and dwarf shrubs inhabiting the Urals....Pages 155-163 The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and mycorrhizal infection on root and shoot growth of two contrasting genotypes of Betula pendula Roth....Pages 165-175 Turfgrass rooting characteristics of ‘Palmetto’, ‘FX-10’, and ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrasses and ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass....Pages 177-187 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Eastern gamagrass ( Tripsacum dactyloides ) root penetration into and chemical properties of claypan soils....Pages 191-211 Effect of submergence on the growth and development of aerenchyma in the roots of maize seedlings....Pages 213-221 Seasonal variation in root growth of three grass species under varying cutting treatments....Pages 223-235 Some aspects of the root system of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)....Pages 237-246 Dynamics of below-ground plant organs in grasslands....Pages 247-263 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Effects of water supply in the upper and lower soil profiles of deep soil on root characteristics and dry matter production of winter wheat....Pages 265-273 Wheat root systems and water utilization in a semi-arid region....Pages 275-283 Common root rot of pea ( Pisum sativum L.): Oat pre-crop and traffic compaction effects in fine-textured mollisols....Pages 285-294 Soil compaction and soybean root growth....Pages 295-304 Fibrous carrot root responses to irrigation and compaction of sandy and organic soils....Pages 305-321 Tillage and phosphorus effects on silage corn....Pages 323-330 Root activity and acquisition of soil phosphorus and potassium....Pages 331-344 A study of the root systems of main crops in Northern China....Pages 345-356 Metabolic characteristics of growing and dormant Scotch pine roots in the course of tree development....Pages 357-367 Variation in fine-root biomass and net primary productivity due to conversion of tropical forests into plantation crops and agroecosystems....Pages 369-382 Managing VAM in a semi-arid agroecosystem....Pages 383-392 The role of endomycorrhizae in fine-root litter degradation....Pages 393-401 Evaluation of N 2 fixing capability of Acacia saligna under field conditions....Pages 403-416 Front Matter....Pages 417-417 Impact of roots on ground water quality....Pages 419-432 Fine-root response to nitrogen addition and removal at Gårdsjön — results from ingrowth cores....Pages 433-443 Root growth responses to lead in young maize seedlings....Pages 445-456 Nitrogen status and growth responses of wheat, and separation of osmotic from ion-specific effects of salinity by control of soil matric potential....Pages 457-469 Root response to rates of banded nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers....Pages 471-482 Salt effect on K influx by two rice cultivars differing in salinity tolerance....Pages 483-491 Effect of NaCl salinity and nitrogen form on fatty acid composition of wheat roots....Pages 493-498 Front Matter....Pages 417-417 Atrazine suppression of fine root growth in corn....Pages 499-505 Front Matter....Pages 507-507 The root meristem and its relationship to root system architecture....Pages 509-521 Developmental models to describe the relationships between shoot and root growth in rice....Pages 523-531 Potassium uptake of Bothriochloa ....Pages 533-540 Cytokinin content in roots and shoots of wheat seedlings as affected by transpiration rate....Pages 541-544 Potassium circulation in plant axial organs as a complementary motive force for water absorption by the root....Pages 545-554 Selective inhibition of root branching in cucumber seedlings by compounds with gametocidic activity....Pages 555-564 Change in lipid composition of wheat roots on early phase of mechanical stress....Pages 565-571 Adapative abilities of wheat root cells under calcium load....Pages 573-582 Organic substances in the rooting medium....Pages 583-592 Hormonal response of wheat seedlings to polyethylene glycol-induced water deficiency....Pages 593-597 Changes in ABA and IAA content in the roots and shoots of wheat seedlings under nitrogen deficiency....Pages 599-605 Cytological studies of root apical meristem cells of Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad....Pages 607-614 Immunoassay of cytokinins produced by rhizosphere microorganisms....Pages 615-621 Oppositely-directed water flows in roots with respect to the plant integral hydrodynamic system....Pages 623-630 Auxin-induced changes in ABA and cytokinin concentration in wheat seedlings....Pages 631-635 St. Augustinegrass root growth response following plant growth retardant application....Pages 637-650 Genetic control of adaptive root characteristics in white clover....Pages 651-662 Effect of aluminium, and selection for aluminium tolerance, on root hair length in white clover....Pages 663-671 The Importance of Root-Cap Mucilage for Plant And Soil....Pages 673-683 Front Matter....Pages 685-685 Analysis of some direct and indirect methods for estimating root biomass and production of forests at an ecosystem level....Pages 687-720 Root architecture and root/shoot-ratios of Norway spruce as affected by thinning intensity and soil type in Denmark....Pages 721-735 Automated Image Analysis for Separating Plant Roots from Soil Debris Elutriated from Soil Cores....Pages 737-744 Portable rhizotron and color scanner system for monitoring root development....Pages 745-756 Soil temperature effects from minirhizotron lighting systems....Pages 757-766 Water state and intercellular transport in roots: Characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance....Pages 767-775 Duration of lateral root formation in maize seedlings as affected by diverse factors....Pages 777-787 How deep should we measure root length to find a varietal difference of root distribution in wheat?....Pages 789-793 The chapters in this Proceedings are divided into six areas of interest, reflecting the six sessions of the symposium: (1) Global patterns of carbon allocation and partitioning; (2) Managed and unmanaged ecosystems; (3) Sustainable agroecosystems; (4) Groundwater quality; (5) Genetics, physiology, and molecular biology; and (6) Contemporary methods for measuring root dynamics. The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to include root scientists from the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries. Therefore, when combined with manuscripts from the U.S.A., western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, P.R. China and Asia, a good sampling of world root research is presented in the sixty-seven chapters. This volume should prove valuable as a reference and source of communication for root scientists