Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus (Translated Documents of Greece and Rome, Series Number 4)

This is a collection in English translation of Greek and Latin sources for the study of Greek and Roman history, sources which are mainly inscriptions and papyri. They do not include the major authors such as Polybius and Livy. Where those authors have provided us with the broad outline of the Roman presence in the Greek world, this collection allows the student and reader to penetrate beneath what they have to tell us and to see details otherwise unreported. Much of this documentary material having never before been translated into English, it has been all too often neglected in colleges and universities at all levels. The theme of the present collection is the Roman presence in the Greek East, the nature of the Roman hegemony, the diplomatic moves on both sides, and the reaction of the Greeks, during the period from the last decades of the third century BC to the death of Augustus in AD 14. It includes such materials as treaties of alliance and friendship, honorary decrees, official letters of Roman governors, decrees of the Roman senate, dedications of statues, Roman laws, reports of embassies, religious cults, legal decisions, loyalty oaths to Rome, athletic contests, calendars, and minutes of an audience in Rome given by the emperor. Brief commentary and notes accompany the translations, making this book a collection to be welcomed by students and teachers of ancient history. CONTENTS 10 VOLUME EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION 14 ABBREVIATIONS 16 SYMBOLS 19 1 Roman mercenary commander of the Ptolemaic garrison on Crete. Between 217 and 209 BC. 20 2 Treaty between Rome and the Aetolian League. 212 or 211 BC. 20 3 M. Aemilius Lepidus and his alleged guardianship of the Boy King Ptolemaios V Epiphanes. 201/200 BC. 21 4 Letter of T. Quinctius Flamininus to Chyretiai. Between 197 and 194 BC. 23 5 Lampsakos honors its citizen Hegesias. 196/195 BC. 23 6 Statues and other honors for T. Quinctius Flamininus in the East. After the declaration of Greek freedom at the Isthmian Games of 96BC 26 7 King Eumenes of Pergamum and the war against King Nabis. 195 BC. 27 8 Letter of the praetor M. Valerius Messalla to the city of Teos. 193 BC. 28 9 The Delians honor P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus. About 193 BC. 29 10 Delos seeks to renew friendship with Rome. About 192 BC 30 11 Troops of the Achaian League aid the Romans against the Gauls. 192 BC or 122 BC. 30 12 Letter of Manius Acilius Glabrio to the Delphians. Early 190 BC. 30 13 Participation of the Achaians in the battle of Magnesia. 190 BC. 31 14 Letter of L. Cornelius Scipio and his brother to Herakleia in Karia. 190 BC. 32 15 Two letters from the praetor Spurius Postumius and a decree of the senate. 189 BC for the two letters; the date of the decree is unknown 33 16 Letter of a consul (C. Livius Salinator?) to the Delphians. 189/188 BC. 34 17 Decree of Elateia honoring the Stymphalians. * About 189 BC. 35 18 The Lycian League and its celebration of the festival of the goddess Roma. About 180 BC. 36 19 Letter to the Delphian Amphictiones about King Perseus. 171/ 170 BC. 37 20 Decree of the senate concerning Koroneia. 171 or 170 BC. 39 21 Two decrees of the senate on affairs at Thisbai. 170 BC. 39 22 Argos honors Gnaeus Octavius. 170 BC. 41 23 An Athenian with the Roman army at the battle of Pydna. 168 BC. 42 24 Statue of L. Aemilius Paullus placed on a pillar erected previously for King Perseus. 168/167 BC. 43 25 Treaty between Rome and Kibyra. First half of second century BC. 43 26 Envoys from Teos to Rome oppose the encroachment of King Kotys on territory of Abdera. About 166 BC. 44 27 Romans admitted to the Samothracian Mysteries. Second and first centuries. 45 28 Decree of the senate concerning the Sarapieion at Delos. About 164 BC. 46 29 A letter of King Attalus II of Pergamum to the priest in Pessinus. In or soon after 159 BC. 47 30 Treaty between King Pharnakes I of Pontos and the city of Chersonesos. 155 BC. 48 31 Testament of Ptolemaios VIII Euergetes II, leaving his kingdom of Cyrene to the Romans. 155 BC. 49 32 Decree of the senate concerning Ariarathes and the city of Priene. About 155-154 BC or soon afterwards. 50 33 Treaty between Rome and Methymna. Perhaps as early as 154 BC 51 34 A letter of the praetor Marcus Aemilius and a decree of the senate concerning Magnesia and Priene. Middle of second century o 52 35 Destruction of Corinth and new Roman regulations for Greece. 146 BC. 53 36 The builder of the Via Egnatia in Macedonia. About 146-143 BC. 55 37 Conclusion of a letter by a Roman magistrate to the Dionysiac Artists. After 146 BC. 55 38 Decree of the senate concerning Narthakion and Melitaia. 140 BC or earlier. 56 39 Decree of Pergamum on citizenship after the death of Attalus III. 133 BC. 58 40 Decree of the senate concerning the death of King Attalus III. Probably 133 BC,1 late in the year 59 41 The cult of the goddess Roma in Miletus. About 130 BC. 60 42 Manius Aquillius constructs the first Roman roads in Asia. 129-126 BC. 62 43 The city of Bargylia supplies troops in the war against Aristonicus. 129 BC. 62 44 Decree of Pergamum to celebrate its friendship and alliance with Rome. Probably about 129 BC. 64 45 Decree of the senate concerning Pergamene land. Probably 129 BC. 66 46 Samos honors Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus. 129—126 BC. 67 47 Roman negotiatores (businessmen) in the Greek East. Secondand first centuries 68 48 Lete honors M. Annius, quaestor. 119 BC. 70 49 Decree of the senate concerning Phrygia. Either 119 or 116 BC. 72 50 Letter of Q. Fabius Maximus to the city of Dyme. 115 BC? 73 51 Epidauros honors one of its prominent citizens. 112/111 BC. 74 52 M. Minucius Rufus honored by Delphi. Between 110 and 106 BC. 75 53 Decree of the senate and a treaty with Astypalaia. 105 BC. 75 54 Marcus Antonius transports his fleet across the Isthmus of Corinth. Poem in elegiac couplets (Latin). Each line contains one 77 55 Piracy law(s) from Delphi and Knidos. 101 or 100 BC. 78 56 The rise of Mithridates and his war against the Romans. About 100-87 BC. 85 57 Letter of Q. Mucius Scaevola to Ephesus. 98/97 or 94/93 BC. 87 58 The Organization of Peoples and Tribes in Asia. Early decades of the first century BC. 88 59 Exemption of sacred territory from the revenue contracts of the publicans. 89-87 BC. 89 59a Plarasa-Aphrodisias decides to aid the Romans against Mithridates. 88 BC. 89 59b Letter of Q. Oppius to Plarasa-Aphrodisias after the war against Mithridates. Very late in 85 or early in 84 BC. 90 60 Chaeremon of Nysa, friend of the Romans, enemy of Mithridates. 88/87 BC. 91 61 Ephesus declares war against Mithridates. End of 86 or beginning of 85 BC. 92 62 Two letters of Sulla concerning the Dionysiac Artists. About 84 and 81 BC. 93 63 A letter of Sulla to Stratonikeia, followed by a second letter introducing a decree of the senate concerning that city. 81 BC 94 64 A letter of Cn. Cornelius Dolabella to Thasos. 80 BC. 97 65 Decree of the Koinon of Asia. Between 80 and 48 BC. 99 66 Decree of the senate concerning three Greek naval captains. 78 BC. 100 67 P. Servilius Vatia in Cilicia and Isauria. 78-75 BC. 102 68 Murder of publicans in Herakleia in Pontos. 74 BC. 103 69 C. Salluvius Naso honored for his actions against Mithridates. 74-73 BC. 103 70 Oropos and the publicans. 73 BC. 104 71 Roman naval actions during the Third Mithridatic War. 72— 69 BC. 106 72 Antonian law concerning Termessus Maior in Pisidia. 72 or 68 BC. 108 73 Greek city of Mesambria in Thrace placed under a Roman officer. 71 BC. 111 74 Roman businessmen, Roman officials and the debts of a Greek city. 71 BC. 112 75 The Greek East honors Pompey the Great. Between 67 and 62 BC. 114 76 Envoys from Tragurion in Dalmatia meet Julius Caesar in Aquileia. March 3, 56 BC. 115 77 Letter of a Roman official to the conventus (judiciary centers) of the province of Asia. 51/50 BC (?) or c. 29 BC (?). 115 78 The city of Dionysopolis, King Burebista, and the Romans. 49 or 48 BC. 117 79 Statues of Julius Caesar dedicated in the Greek East after Pharsalus. Fall of 48 BC or soon afterwards. 118 80 Julius Caesar makes concessions to Pergamum. After Pharsalus,48-17 BC 120 81 P. Servilius Isauricus restores to Pergamum its ancestral laws and its democracy. 46-44 BC. 121 82 Envoy from the city of Chersonesos to Julius Caesar and the senate in Rome. 46 BC. 121 83 A letter of Caesar with a copy of a decree of the senate concerning Mytilene. Between April 46 and January/February 45 BC. 122 84 Greek cities honor Brutus the Tyrannicide. 44-43 BC. 123 85 Letter of Marcus Antonius to the Koinon of Asia concerning the Association of Victorious Athletes. 42-11 or 33-32 BC. 124 86 Letters of Octavian concerning Seleukos of Rhosos. Between 42 and 30 BC. 125 87 Letter of Octavian to Plarasa-Aphrodisias concerning documents relevant to the city's status. Fall of 39 BC or 38 BC. 128 88 Marcus Antonius gives foreign territory to Cleopatra, who commemorates the event by adopting a second era. 37—36 BC. 129 89 Coinage of Antonius and Cleopatra. 34-33 BC 130 90 Worship of Isis by a Roman officer, his son and friends. March 28,32 BC. 131 91 Letter of Octavian to the city of Mylasa. 31 BC. 131 92 Octavian dedicates his camp overlooking the promontory of Actium. 29 BC. 132 93 Dedication of C. Cornelius Gallus, first Roman prefect of Egypt. April 15, 29 BC. 133 94 Preparations in Egypt for a military expedition. A few years after the death of Cleopatra (30 BC). 133 95 Legal decision by Augustus and Agrippa, and a governor's letter to Kyme. 27 BC (for the legal decision). 134 96 An earthquake at Tralles in Asia, and help from Augustus. 26 BC. 136 97 Two decrees of the senate and a treaty with Mytilene. 25 BC. 137 98 M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia in the Greek East. 16-13 BC. 139 99 Greek translation of funeral oration given by Augustus for Agrippa. 12 BC. 141 100 Letter of Augustus to the Alexandrians and the proceedings of an embassy. 10 or 9 BC. 142 101 A new calendar for the province of Asia in honor of Augustus. 9BC. 143 102 Five edicts of Augustus and a decree of the senate. 7/6 and 4BC. 146 103 Letter of Augustus to Knidos. Last half of 6 BC. 152 104 Gaius, son of Augustus, is honored at Sardis. 5 BC. 153 105 Oath of loyalty sworn in Paphlagonia to Augustus and his descendants. March 6, 3 BC. 154 106 Roman legionaries guard the government grain during its transportation down the Nile to Alexandria. 2 BC. 155 107 Restoration of sacred writings to the archives of Nysa. 1 BC. 156 108 Letter of a governor of Asia concerning a point of law. About AD 4/5 or soon afterwards. 157 109 Greek athletic contests named in honor of Augustus and his family. About AD 158 110 Early Roman organization of mines and quarries in Egypt. AD 11. 159 111 Minutes of an audience in Rome given by Augustus with his Advisory Board to envoys from Alexandria. First half of AD 13. 160 112 Augustus sets up the final report of his accomplishments in the Greek East. Composed AD 12-14. 161 GLOSSARY 164 APPENDIX I Roman names 173 APPENDIX II Roman consuls 174 Appendix III. Greek and Roman chronology 180 INDEXES 183 978-0-521-24995-9,Hardback,9780521271233,Paperback Cambridge University Press CONTENTS......Page 10 VOLUME EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION......Page 14 ABBREVIATIONS......Page 16 SYMBOLS......Page 19 2 Treaty between Rome and the Aetolian League. 212 or 211 BC.......Page 20 3 M. Aemilius Lepidus and his alleged guardianship of the Boy King Ptolemaios V Epiphanes. 201/200 BC.......Page 21 5 Lampsakos honors its citizen Hegesias. 196/195 BC.......Page 23 6 Statues and other honors for T. Quinctius Flamininus in the East. After the declaration of Greek freedom at the Isthmian Games of 96BC......Page 26 7 King Eumenes of Pergamum and the war against King Nabis. 195 BC.......Page 27 8 Letter of the praetor M. Valerius Messalla to the city of Teos. 193 BC.......Page 28 9 The Delians honor P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus. About 193 BC.......Page 29 12 Letter of Manius Acilius Glabrio to the Delphians. Early 190 BC.......Page 30 13 Participation of the Achaians in the battle of Magnesia. 190 BC.......Page 31 14 Letter of L. Cornelius Scipio and his brother to Herakleia in Karia. 190 BC.......Page 32 15 Two letters from the praetor Spurius Postumius and a decree of the senate. 189 BC for the two letters; the date of the decree is unknown......Page 33 16 Letter of a consul (C. Livius Salinator?) to the Delphians. 189/188 BC.......Page 34 17 Decree of Elateia honoring the Stymphalians. * About 189 BC.......Page 35 18 The Lycian League and its celebration of the festival of the goddess Roma. About 180 BC.......Page 36 19 Letter to the Delphian Amphictiones about King Perseus. 171/ 170 BC.......Page 37 21 Two decrees of the senate on affairs at Thisbai. 170 BC.......Page 39 22 Argos honors Gnaeus Octavius. 170 BC.......Page 41 23 An Athenian with the Roman army at the battle of Pydna. 168 BC.......Page 42 25 Treaty between Rome and Kibyra. First half of second century BC.......Page 43 26 Envoys from Teos to Rome oppose the encroachment of King Kotys on territory of Abdera. About 166 BC.......Page 44 27 Romans admitted to the Samothracian Mysteries. Second and first centuries.......Page 45 28 Decree of the senate concerning the Sarapieion at Delos. About 164 BC.......Page 46 29 A letter of King Attalus II of Pergamum to the priest in Pessinus. In or soon after 159 BC.......Page 47 30 Treaty between King Pharnakes I of Pontos and the city of Chersonesos. 155 BC.......Page 48 31 Testament of Ptolemaios VIII Euergetes II, leaving his kingdom of Cyrene to the Romans. 155 BC.......Page 49 32 Decree of the senate concerning Ariarathes and the city of Priene. About 155-154 BC or soon afterwards.......Page 50 33 Treaty between Rome and Methymna. Perhaps as early as 154 BC......Page 51 34 A letter of the praetor Marcus Aemilius and a decree of the senate concerning Magnesia and Priene. Middle of second century o......Page 52 35 Destruction of Corinth and new Roman regulations for Greece. 146 BC.......Page 53 37 Conclusion of a letter by a Roman magistrate to the Dionysiac Artists. After 146 BC.......Page 55 38 Decree of the senate concerning Narthakion and Melitaia. 140 BC or earlier.......Page 56 39 Decree of Pergamum on citizenship after the death of Attalus III. 133 BC.......Page 58 40 Decree of the senate concerning the death of King Attalus III. Probably 133 BC,1 late in the year......Page 59 41 The cult of the goddess Roma in Miletus. About 130 BC.......Page 60 43 The city of Bargylia supplies troops in the war against Aristonicus. 129 BC.......Page 62 44 Decree of Pergamum to celebrate its friendship and alliance with Rome. Probably about 129 BC.......Page 64 45 Decree of the senate concerning Pergamene land. Probably 129 BC.......Page 66 46 Samos honors Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus. 129—126 BC.......Page 67 47 Roman negotiatores (businessmen) in the Greek East. Secondand first centuries......Page 68 48 Lete honors M. Annius, quaestor. 119 BC.......Page 70 49 Decree of the senate concerning Phrygia. Either 119 or 116 BC.......Page 72 50 Letter of Q. Fabius Maximus to the city of Dyme. 115 BC?......Page 73 51 Epidauros honors one of its prominent citizens. 112/111 BC.......Page 74 53 Decree of the senate and a treaty with Astypalaia. 105 BC.......Page 75 54 Marcus Antonius transports his fleet across the Isthmus of Corinth. Poem in elegiac couplets (Latin). Each line contains one......Page 77 55 Piracy law(s) from Delphi and Knidos. 101 or 100 BC.......Page 78 56 The rise of Mithridates and his war against the Romans. About 100-87 BC.......Page 85 57 Letter of Q. Mucius Scaevola to Ephesus. 98/97 or 94/93 BC.......Page 87 58 The Organization of Peoples and Tribes in Asia. Early decades of the first century BC.......Page 88 59a Plarasa-Aphrodisias decides to aid the Romans against Mithridates. 88 BC.......Page 89 59b Letter of Q. Oppius to Plarasa-Aphrodisias after the war against Mithridates. Very late in 85 or early in 84 BC.......Page 90 60 Chaeremon of Nysa, friend of the Romans, enemy of Mithridates. 88/87 BC.......Page 91 61 Ephesus declares war against Mithridates. End of 86 or beginning of 85 BC.......Page 92 62 Two letters of Sulla concerning the Dionysiac Artists. About 84 and 81 BC.......Page 93 63 A letter of Sulla to Stratonikeia, followed by a second letter introducing a decree of the senate concerning that city. 81 BC......Page 94 64 A letter of Cn. Cornelius Dolabella to Thasos. 80 BC.......Page 97 65 Decree of the Koinon of Asia. Between 80 and 48 BC.......Page 99 66 Decree of the senate concerning three Greek naval captains. 78 BC.......Page 100 67 P. Servilius Vatia in Cilicia and Isauria. 78-75 BC.......Page 102 69 C. Salluvius Naso honored for his actions against Mithridates. 74-73 BC.......Page 103 70 Oropos and the publicans. 73 BC.......Page 104 71 Roman naval actions during the Third Mithridatic War. 72— 69 BC.......Page 106 72 Antonian law concerning Termessus Maior in Pisidia. 72 or 68 BC.......Page 108 73 Greek city of Mesambria in Thrace placed under a Roman officer. 71 BC.......Page 111 74 Roman businessmen, Roman officials and the debts of a Greek city. 71 BC.......Page 112 75 The Greek East honors Pompey the Great. Between 67 and 62 BC.......Page 114 77 Letter of a Roman official to the conventus (judiciary centers) of the province of Asia. 51/50 BC (?) or c. 29 BC (?).......Page 115 78 The city of Dionysopolis, King Burebista, and the Romans. 49 or 48 BC.......Page 117 79 Statues of Julius Caesar dedicated in the Greek East after Pharsalus. Fall of 48 BC or soon afterwards.......Page 118 80 Julius Caesar makes concessions to Pergamum. After Pharsalus,48-17 BC......Page 120 82 Envoy from the city of Chersonesos to Julius Caesar and the senate in Rome. 46 BC.......Page 121 83 A letter of Caesar with a copy of a decree of the senate concerning Mytilene. Between April 46 and January/February 45 BC.......Page 122 84 Greek cities honor Brutus the Tyrannicide. 44-43 BC.......Page 123 85 Letter of Marcus Antonius to the Koinon of Asia concerning the Association of Victorious Athletes. 42-11 or 33-32 BC.......Page 124 86 Letters of Octavian concerning Seleukos of Rhosos. Between 42 and 30 BC.......Page 125 87 Letter of Octavian to Plarasa-Aphrodisias concerning documents relevant to the city's status. Fall of 39 BC or 38 BC.......Page 128 88 Marcus Antonius gives foreign territory to Cleopatra, who commemorates the event by adopting a second era. 37—36 BC.......Page 129 89 Coinage of Antonius and Cleopatra. 34-33 BC......Page 130 91 Letter of Octavian to the city of Mylasa. 31 BC.......Page 131 92 Octavian dedicates his camp overlooking the promontory of Actium. 29 BC.......Page 132 94 Preparations in Egypt for a military expedition. A few years after the death of Cleopatra (30 BC).......Page 133 95 Legal decision by Augustus and Agrippa, and a governor's letter to Kyme. 27 BC (for the legal decision).......Page 134 96 An earthquake at Tralles in Asia, and help from Augustus. 26 BC.......Page 136 97 Two decrees of the senate and a treaty with Mytilene. 25 BC.......Page 137 98 M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia in the Greek East. 16-13 BC.......Page 139 99 Greek translation of funeral oration given by Augustus for Agrippa. 12 BC.......Page 141 100 Letter of Augustus to the Alexandrians and the proceedings of an embassy. 10 or 9 BC.......Page 142 101 A new calendar for the province of Asia in honor of Augustus. 9BC.......Page 143 102 Five edicts of Augustus and a decree of the senate. 7/6 and 4BC.......Page 146 103 Letter of Augustus to Knidos. Last half of 6 BC.......Page 152 104 Gaius, son of Augustus, is honored at Sardis. 5 BC.......Page 153 105 Oath of loyalty sworn in Paphlagonia to Augustus and his descendants. March 6, 3 BC.......Page 154 106 Roman legionaries guard the government grain during its transportation down the Nile to Alexandria. 2 BC.......Page 155 107 Restoration of sacred writings to the archives of Nysa. 1 BC.......Page 156 108 Letter of a governor of Asia concerning a point of law. About AD 4/5 or soon afterwards.......Page 157 109 Greek athletic contests named in honor of Augustus and his family. About AD......Page 158 110 Early Roman organization of mines and quarries in Egypt. AD 11.......Page 159 111 Minutes of an audience in Rome given by Augustus with his Advisory Board to envoys from Alexandria. First half of AD 13.......Page 160 112 Augustus sets up the final report of his accomplishments in the Greek East. Composed AD 12-14.......Page 161 GLOSSARY......Page 164 APPENDIX I Roman names......Page 173 APPENDIX II Roman consuls......Page 174 Appendix III. Greek and Roman chronology......Page 180 INDEXES......Page 183 This Is A Collection In English Translation Of Greek And Latin Sources For The Study Of Greek And Roman History, Sources Which Are Mainly Inscriptions And Papyri. They Do Not Include The Major Authors Such As Polybius And Livy. Where Those Authors Have Provided Us With The Broad Outline Of The Roman Presence In The Greek World, This Collection Allows The Student And Reader To Penetrate Beneath What They Have To Tell Us And To See Details Otherwise Unreported. Much Of This Documentary Material Having Never Before Been Translated Into English, It Has Been All Too Often Neglected In Colleges And Universities At All Levels. The Theme Of The Present Collection Is The Roman Presence In The Greek East, The Nature Of The Roman Hegemony, The Diplomatic Moves On Both Sides, And The Reaction Of The Greeks, During The Period From The Last Decades Of The Third Century Bc To The Death Of Augustus In Ad 14. It Includes Such Materials As Treaties Of Alliance And Friendship, Honorary Decrees, Official Letters Of Roman Governors, Decrees Of The Roman Senate, Dedications Of Statues, Roman Laws, Reports Of Embassies, Religious Cults, Legal Decisions, Loyalty Oaths To Rome, Athletic Contests, Calendars, And Minutes Of An Audience In Rome Given By The Emperor. -- Publisher's Description. Edited And Translated By Robert K. Sherk. Translated From Greek Or Latin. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes.