Rocket Propulsion Elements (7th Edition)

Aerospace Engineering/mechanical Engineering The Definitive Text On Rocket Propulsion-now Completely Revised To Reflect Rapid Advancements In The Field For More Than Fifty Years, This Seminal Text Has Been Regarded As The Single Most Authoritative Sourcebook On Rocket Propulsion Technology. More Comprehensive And Coherently Organized Than Any Other Book On The Subject, Rocket Propulsion Elements Guides Readers Evenhandedly Through The Complex Factors That Shape Propulsion, With Both Theory And Practical Design Considerations. With More Than A Third Of The Text And Illustrations Either Completely New Or Extensively Revised, This Latest Edition Includes Current Information On Engine Structures, Nozzle Theory, Gas Properties, Thrust Chambers, Launch Vehicles, And More. With A Detailed Table Of Contents Breaking Down Each Chapter Into Subsections-as Well As An Expanded Index Of Key Words-the Seventh Edition Efficiently Steers Readers Quickly To The Information They Need. Other Highlights Include: * Separate Chapters On Liquid, Solid, And Hybrid Propulsion Systems And A New Chapter On Thrust Chambers Including The New Aerospike Nozzle * Comprehensive Coverage Of Rocket Propulsion Technology, With Applications To Space Flight, Satellite Flight, And Guided And Unguided Missiles * Problem-solving Examples And Exercises Relevant To Actual Design Situations * More Than 340 Illustrations, Including Photographs, Tables, And Graphs * Coherent, Up-to-date Chapter On Electrical Propulsion Balancing Fundamentals With Practical Aspects And Applications For Professional Engineers In The Aerospace And Defense Industries As Well As Undergraduate And Graduate Students In Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, This Time-honored Resource Is Indispensable For Its Scope Of Coverage And Utility. Front Matter......Page 1 Preface......Page 3 Table of Contents......Page 8 1. Classification......Page 14 1.1. Duct Jet Propulsion......Page 15 1.2. Rocket Propulsion......Page 17 1.3. Applications of Rocket Propulsion......Page 28 References......Page 38 2.1. Definitions......Page 40 2.2. Thrust......Page 45 2.3. Exhaust Velocity......Page 47 2.4. Energy and Efficiencies......Page 49 2.5. Typical Performance Values......Page 52 Problems......Page 54 Symbols......Page 56 References......Page 57 3. Nozzle Theory and Thermodynamic Relations......Page 58 3.1. Ideal Rocket......Page 59 3.2. Summary of Thermodynamic Relations......Page 60 3.3. Isentropic Flow through Nozzles......Page 65 3.4. Nozzle Configurations......Page 88 3.5. Real Nozzles......Page 98 3.6. Four Performance Parameters......Page 105 3.7. Nozzle Alignment......Page 107 3.8. Variable Thrust......Page 109 Problems......Page 110 Symbols......Page 112 References......Page 113 4.1. Gravity-Free Drag-Free Space Flight......Page 115 4.2. Forces Acting on a Vehicle in the Atmosphere......Page 119 4.3. Basic Relations of Motion......Page 121 4.4. Effect of Propulsion System on Vehicle Performance......Page 128 4.5. Space Flight......Page 130 4.6. Flight Maneuvers......Page 145 4.7. Flight Vehicles......Page 152 4.8. Military Missiles......Page 162 4.9. Aerodynamic Effect of Exhaust Plumes......Page 165 4.10. Flight Stability......Page 166 Problems......Page 167 Symbols......Page 170 References......Page 172 5. Chemical Rocket Propellant Performance Analysis......Page 173 5.1. Background and Fundamentals......Page 174 5.2. Analysis of Chamber or Motor Case Conditions......Page 182 5.3. Analysis of Nozzle Expansion Processes......Page 185 5.4. Computer Analysis......Page 192 5.5. Results of Thermochemical Calculations......Page 193 Problems......Page 206 Symbols......Page 207 References......Page 208 6. Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Fundamentals......Page 210 6.1. Propellants......Page 214 6.2. Propellant Feed Systems......Page 216 6.3. Gas Pressure Feed Systems......Page 218 6.4. Propellant Tanks......Page 224 6.5. Tank Pressurization......Page 231 6.6. Turbopump Feed Systems and Engine Cycles......Page 234 6.7. Flow and Pressure Balance......Page 240 6.8. Rocket Engines for Maneuvering, Orbit Adjustments, or Attitude Control......Page 241 6.9. Valves and Pipe Lines......Page 245 6.10. Engine Support Structure......Page 248 Problems......Page 249 Symbols......Page 251 References......Page 252 7. Liquid Propellants......Page 254 7.1. Propellant Properties......Page 255 7.2. Liquid Oxidizers......Page 264 7.3. Liquid Fuels......Page 268 7.4. Liquid Monopropellants......Page 272 7.5. Gelled Propellants......Page 274 7.6. Gaseous Propellants......Page 276 7.7. Safety and Environmental Concerns......Page 277 Problems......Page 278 References......Page 279 8. Thrust Chambers......Page 281 8.1. Injectors......Page 284 8.2. Combustion Chamber and Nozzle......Page 295 8.3. Heat Transfer Analysis......Page 321 8.4. Starting and Ignition......Page 333 8.5. Variable Thrust......Page 336 8.6. Sample Thrust Chamber Design Analysis......Page 337 Problems......Page 348 Symbols......Page 351 References......Page 353 9. Combustion of Liquid Propellants......Page 355 9.1. Combustion Process......Page 356 9.2. Analysis and Simulation......Page 359 9.3. Combustion Instability......Page 361 References......Page 373 10.1. Turbopumps......Page 375 10.2. Performance of Complete or Multiple Rocket Propulsion Systems......Page 397 10.3. Propellant Budget......Page 400 10.4. Engine Design......Page 402 10.5. Engine Controls......Page 409 10.6. Engine System Calibration......Page 418 10.7. System Integration and Engine Optimization......Page 424 Symbols......Page 426 References......Page 428 11. Solid Propellant Rocket Fundamentals......Page 430 11.1. Propellant Burning Rate......Page 432 11.2. Basic Performance Relations......Page 450 11.3. Propellant Grain and Grain Configuration......Page 457 11.4. Propellant Grain Stress and Strain......Page 466 11.5. Attitude Control and Side Maneuvers with Solid Propellant Rocket Motors......Page 479 Problems......Page 480 Symbols......Page 483 References......Page 484 12.1. Classification......Page 487 12.2. Propellant Characteristics......Page 493 12.3. Hazards......Page 500 12.4. Propellant Ingredients......Page 507 12.5. Other Propellant Categories......Page 518 12.6. Liners, Insulators, and Inhibitors......Page 522 12.7. Propellant Processing and Manufacture......Page 524 Problems......Page 528 References......Page 531 13.1. Physical and Chemical Processes......Page 533 13.2. Ignition Process......Page 537 13.3. Extinction or Thrust Termination......Page 539 13.4. Combustion Instability......Page 541 References......Page 550 14.1. Motor Case......Page 553 14.2. Nozzle......Page 563 14.3. Igniter Hardware......Page 576 14.4. Rocket Motor Design Approach......Page 581 Problems......Page 588 References......Page 590 15. Hybrid Propellant Rockets......Page 592 15.1. Applications and Propellants......Page 593 15.2. Performance Analysis and Grain Configuration......Page 598 15.3. Design Example......Page 606 15.4. Combustion Instability......Page 612 Symbols......Page 617 References......Page 619 16. Thrust Vector Control......Page 621 16.1. TVC Mechanisms with a Single Nozzle......Page 622 16.2. TVC with Multiple Thrust Chambers or Nozzles......Page 633 16.4. Integration with Vehicle......Page 634 References......Page 636 17. Selection of Rocket Propulsion Systems......Page 637 17.1. Selection Process......Page 638 17.2. Criteria for Selection......Page 643 17.3. Interfaces......Page 647 References......Page 651 18. Rocket Exhaust Plumes......Page 652 18.1 Plume Appearance and Flow Behavior......Page 654 18.2. Plume Effects......Page 665 18.3. Analysis and Mathematical Simulation......Page 670 References......Page 671 19. Electric Propulsion......Page 673 19.1. Ideal Flight Performance......Page 679 19.2. Electrothermal Thrusters......Page 683 19.3. Non-Thermal Electric Thrusters......Page 690 19.4. Optimum Flight Performance......Page 709 19.5. Mission Applications......Page 713 19.6. Electric Space-Power Supplies and Power-Conditioning Systems......Page 714 Problems......Page 719 Symbols......Page 720 References......Page 722 20.1. Types of Tests......Page 724 20.2. Test Facilities and Safeguards......Page 726 20.3. Instrumentation and Data Management......Page 733 20.4. Flight Testing......Page 737 20.5. Postaccident Procedures......Page 738 References......Page 739 Appendix 1: Conversion Factors and Constants......Page 740 Appendix 2: Properties of the Earth's Standard Atmosphere......Page 743 Appendix 3: Summary of Key Equations for Ideal Chemical Rockets......Page 744 Appendix 4: Derivation of Hybrid Fuel Regression Rate Equation in Chapter 15......Page 746 Appendix 5: Alternative Interpretations of Boundary Layer Blowing Coefficient in Chapter 15......Page 750 A......Page 752 C......Page 753 E......Page 754 F......Page 755 H......Page 756 I......Page 757 M......Page 758 O......Page 759 R......Page 760 S......Page 761 T......Page 763 Y......Page 764 "With more than a third of the text and illustrations either completely new or extensively revised, this latest edition includes current information on engine structures, nozzle theory, gas properties, thrust chambers, launch vehicles, and more. With a detailed table of contents breaking down each chapter into subsections - as well as an expanded index of key words - the Seventh Edition efficiently steers readers quickly to the information they need." "For professional engineers in the aerospace and defense industries as well as undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical and aerospace engineering, this time-honored resource is indispensable for its scope of coverage and utility."--Jacket This thorough introduction to basic principles provides a clear and comprehensive description of physical mechanisms and designs, and an understanding of how rocket propulsion is applied to flying vehicles. It delivers both theory and practical applications covering rocket propulsion for guided missiles, space flight, or satellite flight.