روش‌های ارزیابی ساختاری مبتنی بر ریسک: بهترین شیوه‌ها و توسعه استانداردها

Prepared by Technical Council on Life-Cycle Performance, Safety, Reliability, and Risk of Structural Systems of the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers Risk-Based Structural Evaluation Methods: Best Practices and Development of Standards provides a comprehensive summary of the findings from a survey of attitudes of researchers, structural engineers, and government agencies to risk-informed structural engineering practices and a follow-up workshop. Risk analysis principles are well established from a theoretical point of view; however, a number of barriers have hampered a wide-scale implementation of risk-based methods in decision-making processes. This book examines the progress made on the application of risk-based structural evaluation methods (RBsEM) and provides recommendations to help enhance their implementation in engineering practice. The issues addressed include: Risk evaluation for new and existing structural systems, Hazard assessment and statistical projection of expected extreme natural and human-made events, Probabilistic analysis of structural systems, Assessment of physical damage to structures and infrastructure systems and evaluation of consequences, Estimation of associated direct and indirect losses and risk quantification, Risk communication to different stakeholders including the general public, Establishment of optimum risk acceptance criteria that take into consideration public attitudes toward risk, and Prioritization of risk mitigation strategies. This report will be a valuable resource for engineers, owners, regulators, and policy makers working toward implementation of RBsEM as the basis for managing our structure and infrastructure systems. Contents Preface Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Risk Analysis for Civil Structures and Infrastructure 1.3 Report Objectives Chapter 2: Summary of Survey Findings 2.1 General Information 2.1.1 List of Respondents 2.1.2 Affiliations 2.1.3 Types of Structures/Infrastructure of Interest 2.1.4 Pertinent Codes / Standards / Specifications / Guidelines 2.1.5 General Approaches for Risk Assessment and Risk Management 2.1.6 Risk Analysis Team Structure 2.1.7 Role of Respondents 2.1.8 Risk Analysts Training Requirements 2.2 Risk Assessment 2.2.1 Definition of Risk 2.2.2 Risk Evaluation for New and Existing Structural Systems 2.2.3 Risk Acceptance Criteria for New and Existing Structural Systems 2.2.4 Design Life for New Structural Systems 2.2.5 Service Life for Existing Structural Systems 2.2.6 Frequency of Inspections, Structural Assessments, and Repair Actions 2.2.7 Most Pertinent Hazards 2.2.8 Likelihood/Probability of Hazard Occurrence 2.2.9 Hazard Occurrence Rates 2.2.10 Hazard Intensity Levels 2.2.11 Quantitative versus Qualitative Hazard Intensity 2.2.12 Structural Component/System Deterioration 2.2.13 Routine Inspection and Maintenance 2.2.14 Performance and Damage Levels 2.2.15 Performance and Damage Measures 2.2.16 Structural Analysis Approach 2.2.17 Probability of Structural Failure 2.2.18 Consequences of Structural Failure 2.2.19 Combination of Multiple Consequences of Structural Failure 2.2.20 Risk Quantification 2.2.21 Risk Estimation from Historical Damage and Cost Data 2.2.22 Risk Communication 2.2.23 Risk Acceptance Criteria 2.3 Risk Management 2.3.1 Risk Mitigation Strategies 2.3.2 Prioritization of Risk Mitigation Strategies 2.3.3 Flow of Risk Information 2.3.4 Risk Communication to the Public 2.4 Suggestions for Improvements 2.4.1 Overall Assessment 2.4.2 Weak Links 2.4.3 Short-Term Plans and Immediate Needs for Improvements 2.4.4 Priorities for Near-Term Improvements Chapter' 3: Summary of Workshop Discussions 3.1 Risk Assessment Methods 3.1.1 Structural Analysis Methods 3.1.2 Hazard Assessment 3.1.3 Structural Deterioration 3.1.4 Structural Performance 3.2 Evaluation of Consequences of Structural Failure 3.3 Risk Analysis Codification and Risk Communication 3.3.1 Risk Communication 3.3.2 Risk Acceptance Criteria 3.4 Risk Data 3.5 Obstacles Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations 4.1 Conclusions 4.2 Recommendations References and Further Reading Appendix A: Survey On Risk-Based Structural Evaluation Methods ASCE/SEI Technical Council on Life-Cycle Performance, Safety, Reliability, and Risk of Structural Systems ASCE/SEI Technical Council on Life-Cycle Performance, Safety, Reliability, and Risk of Structural Systems Appendix B: Answers to Section I of the Survey Appendix C: Answers to Section II of the Survey Appendix D: Answers to Section III of the Survey Appendix E: Answers to Section IV of the Survey Appendix F: Pertinent Standards and Guidelines References for Table F1-1 Index "This report examines the application of Risk-Based Structural Evaluation Methods and provides best practice recomendations on their implementation in engineering practice"-- Provided by publisher This report examines the application of risk-based structural evaluation methods and provides best practice recommendations on their implementation in engineering practice.