Rhetoric in Detail: Discourse analyses of rhetorical talk and text (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture)

The eleven studies in this volume illustrate and advance the synthesis of discourse analysis with rhetorical studies. Rhetoric in Detail shows how a variety of techniques from discourse analysis can be useful in studying such concerns as agency, legitimation, controversy, and style, and how concepts from rhetoric including genre and figuration can enrich the work of discourse analysts. The authors’ research sites range from government commissions, political speeches, newspaper reports and letters to interviews and conversations in beauty salons and online. Methodological overviews interspersed throughout survey critical discourse analysis, interactional sociolinguistics, grounded theory, computer-aided corpus analysis, narrative analysis, and participant observation and provide suggestions for further reading. Rhetoric in Detail is an invaluable source for rhetoricians looking for systematic, grounded ways of approaching new, more vernacular sites for rhetorical discourse and for discourse analysts interested in seeing what they can learn from the tradition and practice of rhetorical analysis. Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 31 Editorial page 3 Title page 4 LCC data 5 Dedication 6 Table of contents 8 Introduction 10 Discourse analysis and rhetorical studies 12 Overview 12 Methods and issues in North American rhetorical studies 13 Context and agency 14 Style and argument 16 What is discourse analysis? 17 A heuristic approach to discourse 19 Locating the heuristic in rhetorical theory 20 Discourse analysis in contemporary research in rhetoric 22 Chapter themes 23 The intellectual history of this book 25 References 27 Style and legitimation 32 Studying style and legitimation 34 References 39 Talking the (political) talk 42 Political legitimacy across disciplines: From rhetoric to critical discourse analysis 46 Case study 50 Historical context 50 Modality 51 Transitivity 58 Conclusion 62 References 64 Reporting Waco 66 The government report as genre 67 Entextualizing bureaucratic structure 70 Characters, actions, and responsibilities in the reports 72 Naming conventions and spatial relations 75 Eliding expertise and authorship 78 Distinct causal narratives: Institutional v. individual 79 Institutional authority, action, & responsibility in the Justice Report 79 Individual agency in the Treasury Report 84 Differences between the two reports 86 Conclusion 87 References 88 The rhetoric of temporality 90 Introduction 90 The future in discourse 91 The future in deliberative rhetoric 93 Analytic framework and data 95 Analysis 97 Global warming and human health: From distal future realities to proximal future action 97 Constructing a future fact, projecting future reality 99 Consequences of the future: Suppressing conditionality and contingency 103 Responding to the future: Transitioning from "will be" to "must" 105 National Security Strategy: Making the case for preemptive war 106 From the Cold War to the War on Terrorism: Construing the past, projecting the future 107 Construing imminence: Conflating present character with future action 112 Conclusion 116 References 117 The intertextual forging of epideictic discourse 122 Introduction 122 Epideictic discourse in transitional contexts 125 Contingency in the TRC amnesty accounts 127 Purpose as intertextual dynamic 129 Two amnesty applicants' initial statements 134 Intertextual shaping of talk about victims 137 Construals of victims and responsibility for human rights violations 141 Abbreviations 143 References 143 Identity and agency 148 Studying identity and agency 150 References 154 Muted voices 156 Introduction 156 Rhetorical agency and critical discourse analysis 157 Case study: The debate over cochlear implants 159 Agency in news articles about cochlear implants 162 Technological agency and the miracle cure 163 Sandwiching: Muting Deaf voices at the macro level 164 Speaking for the Deaf community 167 Representing sign language and reaffirming "common sense" 169 Representing the Deaf community as the oppressor 172 Resisting from the margins 173 Conclusion 175 References 176 "American humor" versus "Indian humor" 182 Introduction 182 Background 183 Methods 186 The participants and the setting 187 The group conversation 188 Reported speech, summary quotes, and the construction of a prototypical group member 190 Sense of humor, culture, and the crystallization of in-group allegiance and out-group distinction 192 What do the findings suggest? 194 The one-on-one conversations 195 Group conversation and one-on-one conversations: Identity and rhetorical situation 198 References 201 Ethos and narrative in online educational chat 204 Introduction 204 Dataset 210 General discourse patterns 211 Narratives 213 Narrative micro-level strategies 215 Narrative macro-level strategies 224 Discussion 232 References 233 Disciplinary rhetorics, rhetorical agency, and the construction of voice 236 Introduction 236 Identifying rhetorical agency 237 Context of the study 238 Methodology 239 Data collection 239 Coding 239 Rhetorical agency, problem analysis, and decision-making 241 Agency in analyzing decisions 241 Agency in manipulating knowledge 250 Recognizing expertise 251 Constructing and testing a support system 252 Extricating embedded knowledge 253 Conclusions 253 Appendix 254 Outline of What's Your Plan? 254 References 254 Entextualizing controversy 256 Studying entextualization and controversy 258 References 261 How a media controversy can influence a scientific publication 264 Reparative therapy and the Spitzer study 265 Articulating the rhetoric of science with Critical Discourse Analysis 266 Data and method 267 Interdiscursive influences in framing Spitzer's study in a scientific order of discourse 270 Editorial introduction 271 Spitzer's literature review 272 Argumentative responses to the 2001 media controversy 274 Deletions 274 Micro-rhetorical shifts 276 Macro-rhetorical argumentative strategies 277 Peer commentaries 281 Conclusion 285 References 285 Controversy as a media event category 288 Introduction 288 "Controversy" as an event category 289 Events in media texts 292 Terms for events in media texts 292 The sociology of media 293 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) 294 "Event categories" in the media 295 The generic level 296 The textual level 296 The lexicogrammatical level 297 Design and method 298 The corpus 299 Results and analysis 299 Quantitative results and analysis 299 Qualitative results and analysis 300 Discussion 308 Conclusion 309 References 310 Analyzing everyday talk about social issues 316 Introduction 316 Theorizing heuretric engagement 318 Design of the study 319 The observation 322 Findings: Contexts for heuretic engagement 325 Conclusion 330 Appendix 331 References 333 Index 336 Introduction. Discourse Analysis And Rhetorical Studies / Christopher Eisenhart And Barbara Johnstone. Style And Legitimation. Studying Style And Legitimation : Critical Linguistics And Critical Discourse Analysis / Sean Zdenek And Barbara Johnstone -- Talking The (political) Talk : Cold War Refugees And Their Political Legitimation Through Style / Andreea Deciu Ritivoi -- Reporting Waco : The Constitutive Work Of Bureaucratic Style / Christopher Eisenhart -- The Rhetoric Of Temporality : The Future As Linguistic Construct And Rhetorical Resource / Patricia L. Dunmire -- The Intertextual Forging Of Epideictic Discourse : Construals Of Victims In The South Africa Truth And Reconciliation Commission Amnesty Hearings / Susan Lawrence. Identity And Agency. Studying Identity And Agency : Cda, Interactional Sociolinguistics, Narrative Analysis, Grounded Theory / Barbara Johnstone -- Muted Voices : Cochlear Implants, News Discourse, And The Public Fascination With Curing Deafness / Sean Zdenek -- American Humor Versus Indian Humor : Identity, Ethos, And Rhetorical Situation / Neeta Bhasin -- Ethos And Narrative In Online Educational Chat / Martha S. Cheng -- Disciplinary Rhetorics, Rhetorical Agency, And The Construction Of Voice / Amanda Young. Entextualizing Controversy. Studying Entextualization And Controversy : Cda, Participant Observation, Computer-aided Corpus Analysis / Barbara Johnstone -- How A Media Controversy Can Influence A Scientific Publication : The Case Of Robert L. Spitzer's Reparative Therapy Study / Craig O. Stewart -- Controversy As A Media Event Category / Peter A. Cramer -- Analyzing Everyday Talk About Social Issues / Susan Gilpin. Edited By Barbara Johnstone, Christopher Eisenhart. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.