Revolution in Nepal : an anthropological and historical approach to the People's War

Revolution in Nepal is a comprehensive study of the People's War in Nepal that was waged by the Maoist party. The chapters are based on extensive fieldwork conducted at the grass-roots level, covering the country's rural areas from Khotang to Jumla, before, during, and after the revolutionary movement. They focus on village life and its micro history under Maoist control. The volume also examines the War's antecedents, such as the anti-Rana and anti-Panchayat movements, and the various ways in which the Maoist revolution developed in the country's rural areas. Thus, with an anthropological and historical approach, it presents an account of the impact of the People's War in the country. By doing so, it reflects the revolution brought about in the conception of Nepalese history, which is now commonly presented as a series of uprisings. Title Pages Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Title Pages (p.i) Revolution in Nepal (p.ii) (p.iii) Revolution in Nepal Title Pages (p.vii) Tables and Figures Marie Lecomte-Tilouine (p.vii) Tables and Figures Tables Figures (p.ix) Abbreviations Marie Lecomte-Tilouine (p.ix) Abbreviations (p.ix) Abbreviations (p.ix) Abbreviations (p.ix) Abbreviations Introduction Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Introduction Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Abstract and Keywords Introduction Introduction Introduction The Thinkable and the Feasible Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Between Micro-history and Long-term Anthropology Introduction Introduction Introduction Volume Guidelines Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Chronological Landmarks in the People’s War and Its Aftermath Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Notes: Introduction Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I The Background to ‘People’s War’ John Whelpton Abstract and Keywords Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I A Typology of Nepalese Political Violence Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Initial Conquest and Pre-1814 Revolts Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I War with the East India Company Intra-elite Conflict 1777–1934 Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Resistance from Below after 1816 Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I The Democratic Movement Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I The First Parliamentary Experiment: 1951–60 Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I The Panchayat Years Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I From 1979 to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Notes: Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Political Violence in Nepal from Unification to Janandolan I Ramraja Prasad Singh Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Ramraja Prasad Singh The Warrior Revolutionary* C.K. Lal Abstract and Keywords Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Rajput Ancestory Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Revolutionary Childhood Ramraja Prasad Singh (p.83) Youth Romanticism Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Popular Professional Ramraja Prasad Singh Fiery Politico Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Votary of Violence Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Nationalist Identity Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Notes: Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Ramraja Prasad Singh Resisting the State in East Nepal † Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Resisting the State in East Nepal † The ‘Chintang Incident’ of 1979 and the Politics of Commemoration Martin Gaenszle Ichchha Purna Rai Judith Pettigrew Manoj Rai Balthasar Bickel Goma Banjade Toya Nath Bhatta Elena Lieven Netra Prasad Paudyal Sabine Stoll Abstract and Keywords Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Background and Chronology of the Conflict Resisting the State in East Nepal † Chronology Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Personal Memories Resisting the State in East Nepal † Life-story Bhakta Bahadur B.15 Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Analysis of the Events Resisting the State in East Nepal † Legacy in the Maoist Movement: History Repeating Itself? Resisting the State in East Nepal † Resisting the State in East Nepal † Notes: Resisting the State in East Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † Marie Lecomte-Tilouine The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Example of Khotang Pustak Ghimire Abstract and Keywords The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Situation Was Nothing Like a Revolution The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † Yet, Village Society Was Fragile The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † A ‘Dirty War’ from Elsewhere: Khotang 2001–5 The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † How Khotang Was Taken By the Maoists The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Basis of Maoist Power: Mobility, Trickery, and Intimidation The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † Between Cultural Revolution and Social Status Quo The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists’ Electoral Victory: One Part Heart One Part Reason The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † Notes: The Maoists in Eastern Nepal † The CPN (Masal) Bastion Marie Lecomte-Tilouine The CPN (Masal) Bastion A History of Communist Militancy in Pyuthan District and Its Influence on the People’s War Benoît Cailmail Abstract and Keywords The CPN (Masal) Bastion Mohan Bikram Singh and the First Communist Rebellions in Pyuthan The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The First Activists in Pyuthan The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion Political Activity under the Panchayat Regime The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion Masal’s Stronghold: A No Man’s Land for the Maoists? The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion Notes: The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion The CPN (Masal) Bastion Thabang Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Thabang The Crucible of Revolution Anne de Sales Abstract and Keywords Thabang Thabang A Hill Population and the Rise of Communism An Ethnic Enclave Thabang A Subsistence Economy Depending on Illegal Business and Remittances Thabang (p.168) A Community at the Periphery The Special Status of Thabang Thabang Oral Accounts of Resistance Thabang Thabang Thabang (1950–80): Village Factions and the Rise of Communism Thabang Conflicts Between Barman and Krishna Mukhiya Thabang Conflicts Between Barman and Ram Kumar Thabang Local Interests and National Politics Thabang Peasant Rebellions Thabang Towards the People’s War: 1981–96 The Kartik Operation (2038 VS): State Repression and Tejman’s Frustration Thabang Thabang Thabang, the Crucible of Revolution Thabang Thabang The Growing of an Exception during the Panchayat Thabang First General Elections: ‘One Form of Preparation for the People’s War’ Thabang Propaganda and Military Training Thabang Sija Campaign and Romeo Operation Thabang The Question of State Repression and Political Consciousness Thabang Thabang The People’s War: 1996–2006 Thabang From Monitored Peasant Rebellions to Civil War (1996–2001) Ideology in Practice: The Initiation Day (25 February 1996) Thabang (p.191) Settling Scores and the New Rule in Thabang (1996–7) Thabang Kilo Sera Two and the Creation of Base Areas (1998–2001) Thabang Thabang Thabang, the Chingkang of Nepal The Villagers’ Flight Thabang Thabang in Prachanda’s Revolutionary Epic Thabang Thabang as the Party Showcase Thabang Thabang Thabang The Ethnic Issue: ‘Only Iron Can Cut Iron’ Thabang Thabang Thabang Thabang Thabang The ‘Model’ Strategy Thabang Notes: Thabang Thabang Thabang Thabang Thabang Maoist despite Themselves Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Maoist despite Themselves Amid the People’s War in a Maoist Model Village, Northern Gulmi Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Abstract and Keywords Maoist despite Themselves The Socio-economic Context Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Elements of Political History in Deurali Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves (p.224) Then Came Strangers from Rolpa-Dolpa Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves You’ve Become a Member Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Even Reports by the Dim-witted Reach the Top Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves It Can’t Be Only You Who Dances Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Extortion and Forced Labour Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Abduction of Teenagers Maoist despite Themselves They ‘Ground’ Silly Tailor’s Son Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves They’ve Killed Dev Maoist despite Themselves The Police and the Army Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Stamping Out Superstitions, Putting an End to Untouchability Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Terror and Critical Mass Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Notes: Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves Maoist despite Themselves The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Marie Lecomte-Tilouine The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Satya Shrestha-Schipper Abstract and Keywords The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Political Developments in Jumla since the Unification The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Political Situation between 1950 and 1959 The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Between 1960 and 1990 The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Between 1991 and 2008 The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Arrival of the Communist Party in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Village Politics: Hat Sinja Panchayat The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Malika Botan VDC (p.270) Multiparty System and Village Politics The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Maoist Occupation The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Coercion and Extortion The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Political Reform The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla (p.277) Social Reforms The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Cooperative (Commune) System The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Forced Recruitment The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Peace Agreement, Conflict, and Maoist Hegemony The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Case No. 1: Construction of a Secondary School in 2009 Case No. 2: This Incident Took Place in Rota Summer Pastures in 2007 The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Case No. 3: The Following Incident Took Place in 2007 Involving a Maoist and the Ex-VDC Chairman The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Notes: The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla The Political Context and the Influence of the People’s War in Jumla Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Inside the People’s Liberation Army * A Military Perspective Sam Cowan Abstract and Keywords Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Strategic Context and Maoist Strategy Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Framework for Assessment of Fighting Effectiveness Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Ganeshpur Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Assessment of Ganeshpur Action Background to Khara Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * The Khara Battle: The Start of Conventional Warfare Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * (p.319) Assessment of Khara Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Background to Pili Inside the People’s Liberation Army * PLA Preparations Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Speaker 1 (a) Speaker 2 (b) Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Speaker 3 (c) Speaker 4 (d) Inside the People’s Liberation Army * The Approach March and Battle Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * (p.329) Assessment of Pili Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Inside the People’s Liberation Army * Notes: Inside the People’s Liberation Army * ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army Marie Lecomte-Tilouine ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army The Libidinal Economy of a Greedy Institution Laurent Gayer Abstract and Keywords ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army From ‘Weaklings’ to ‘Professional Fighters’: The Maobadis’ Rationalization of Women’s Enlistment Into the PLA ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army The Martial Feminism of Nepalese Maoists ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army The Socio-economic and Political Background of the PLA Women ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army (p.347) The Problem of ‘Physical Relations’ and Solutions to It The Maoists’ ‘Scientific’ Answer to the ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ Problem ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army Resistance to Intercaste Marriage within the Maoist Movement ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army Sexual Stereotyping and the Stigmatization of PLA Women ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army Notes: ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army ‘Love–Marriage–Sex’ in the People’s Liberation Army Tears for the Revolution † Marie Lecomte-Tilouine Tears for the Revolution † Nepali Musical Nationalism, Emotion, and the Maoist Movement Anna Stirr Abstract and Keywords Tears for the Revolution † Setting the Scene Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Musical Nationalism and Developmentalism: Lok Gīt and Ādhunik Gīt in the Panchayat Years Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Progressive Songs, Progressive Performances: Pragatiśīl Gīt and Maoist Songs Tears for the Revolution † ‘Returning from the Battlefield’ Tears for the Revolution † Song 1: Carrying a Great Dream Song 2: The Martyr’s Message Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Song 3: The Comrade’s Reflection on Death Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Song 4: ‘Message from the Martyr’s Family’ Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Song 5: Commitment to Build a New Nepal Tears for the Revolution † (p.387) Melodrama, Multivocality, Longing, and Aspiration Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † Notes: Tears for the Revolution † Tears for the Revolution † (p.393) Bibliography Marie Lecomte-Tilouine (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.393) Bibliography (p.413) Index Marie Lecomte-Tilouine (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.413) Index (p.427) Editor and Contributors Marie Lecomte-Tilouine (p.427) Editor and Contributors (p.427) Editor and Contributors (p.427) Editor and Contributors (p.427) Editor and Contributors (p.427) Editor and Contributors