Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. Volume 206

RECT 206 edited by David Whitacre.- Forward.- Preface.- Physiological Adaptations of Stressed Fish to Polluted Environments: Role of Heat Shock Proteins by Ekambaram Padmini.- Phytoremediation: A Noble Approach for Utilization of Iron-Ore Wastes by Monalisa Mohanty, Nabin Kumar Dhal, Parikshita Patra, Biswesar Das and Palli Sita Rama Reddy.- Fugitive Dust and Human Exposure to Heavy Metals around the Red Dog Mine by Elizabeth J. Kerin and Hsing K. Lin.- A Profile of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases that Degrade Aromatic Pollutants by Ri-He Peng, Ai-Sheng Xiong, Yong Xue, Xiao-Yan Fu, Feng Gao, Wei Zhao, Yong-Sheng Tian, and Quan-Hong Yao.- Environmental Implications of Oil Spills from Shipping Accidents by Justyna Rogowska and Jacek Namieśnik.- Water Quality in South San Francisco Bay, California: Current Condition and Potential Issues for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project by J. Letitia Grenier and Jay A. Davis.- Index. Contents 5 Contributors 6 Physiological Adaptations of Stressed Fish to Polluted Environments: Role of Heat Shock Proteins 8 1 Introduction 8 2 Fish as Environmental Biomonitors 9 3 Impact of Environmental Stressors on Fish 10 4 Stress Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination 11 5 Stress Response in Fish 12 6 Molecular Chaperones and HSP Families 13 7 Role of Stress Proteins in Fish 15 8 HSP Genes in Fish 18 9 Mechanistic Regulation of HSP Induction 19 10 Role of HSPs in Survival 21 11 Seasonal Influences on HSP Expression 22 12 Conclusions 23 13 Summary 24 References 25 Phytoremediation: A Novel Approach for Utilizationof Iron-ore Wastes 35 1 Introduction 35 2 Iron-ore Tailings 37 3 Environmental Impact and Waste Minimization 39 4 Phytoremediation: Sustainable Remediation and Utilization of Iron-ore Tailings 40 4.1 Phytoextraction 43 4.2 Phytovolatilization 44 4.3 Rhizofiltration 45 4.4 Phytostabilization 46 4.5 Plants Species Suitable for Phytoremediation 48 5 Hyperaccumulation by Plant Species 48 6 Summary 49 References 50 Fugitive Dust and Human Exposure to Heavy Metals Around the Red Dog Mine 54 1 Introduction 54 2 Heavy Metal Toxicology 56 3 Dust-borne Metal Exposure Pathways Around Red Dog Mine 58 3.1 Direct Inhalation 58 3.2 Contact with Contaminated Soils 59 3.3 Residential Exposure to Mine Dust 60 3.4 Subsistence Land Use and Wildlife Effects 61 4 Epidemiological Studies Around Red Dog Mine 62 4.1 Environmental Exposure Studies 62 4.2 Occupational Exposure Studies 63 5 Regulatory Oversight of Dust and Metals at Red Dog Mine 65 6 Dust Control Measures Around Red Dog Mine 65 7 Summary 66 References 67 A Profile of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases that Degrade Aromatic Pollutants 69 1 Introduction 69 2 Classification of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases 70 3 Structural Investigations of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases 76 3.1 The Structure of the Subunit 77 3.2 The Structure of the Subunit 79 4 Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases: Electron Transfer and Substrate Oxidation 82 5 Regioselectivity and Stereoselectivity of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases 85 6 Techniques for Improving Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenase Degradation Capabilities 89 7 Summary 91 References 92 Environmental Implications of Oil Spills from Shipping Accidents 99 1 Introduction 99 2 Oil in the Marine Environment 102 3 Fate and Behavior of Oil Spills in the Marine Environment 104 4 The Impact of Oil Spills on Seabirds, Fish, and Marine Animals 108 5 Shipping Accidents in the Baltic Sea 110 6 Implications of Shipping-oil Spills 113 7 Summary 115 References 115 Water Quality in South San Francisco Bay, California: Current Condition and Potential Issues for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project 119 1 Introduction 119 1.1 San Francisco Estuary 120 1.2 Salt Ponds and Wetland Restoration 121 2 Current Water Quality 124 2.1 Chemical Contaminants 124 2.1.1 Mercury 125 2.1.2 PCBs 128 2.1.3 PBDEs 130 2.1.4 Other Chemical Contaminants 131 2.2 Other Aspects of Water Quality 134 2.2.1 Biological 134 2.2.2 Chemical 134 3 Potential Future Changes Related to Restoration 135 3.1 Erosion of Contaminants at Depth 135 3.2 Change of Habitat Types 138 3.2.1 Methylmercury Production in Wetlands 139 3.2.2 Sequestration of Contaminants in Marshes 141 3.2.3 The Effect of Bird Populations on Water Quality in Managed Ponds 141 4 Future Changes that May Affect Water Quality 142 5 Recommendations 143 6 Summary 145 References 146 Index 152 RECT 206 edited by David Whitacre.- Forward.- Preface.- Physiological Adaptations of Stressed Fish to Polluted Environments: Role of Heat Shock Proteins by Ekambaram Padmini.- Phytoremediation: A Noble Approach for Utilization of Iron-Ore Wastes by Monalisa Mohanty, Nabin Kumar Dhal, Parikshita Patra, Biswesar Das and Palli Sita Rama Reddy.- Fugitive Dust and Human Exposure to Heavy Metals around the Red Dog Mine by Elizabeth J. Kerin and Hsing K. Lin.- A Profile of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases that Degrade Aromatic Pollutants by Ri-He Peng, Ai-Sheng Xiong, Yong Xue, Xiao-Yan Fu, Feng Gao, Wei Zhao, Yong-Sheng Tian, and Quan-Hong Yao.- Environmental Implications of Oil Spills from Shipping Accidents by Justyna Rogowska and Jacek Namie¿ nik.- Water Quality in South San Francisco Bay, California: Current Condition and Potential Issues for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project by J. Letitia Grenier and Jay A. Davis.- Index Front Matter....Pages i-viii Physiological Adaptations of Stressed Fish to Polluted Environments: Role of Heat Shock Proteins....Pages 1-27 Phytoremediation: A Novel Approach for Utilization of Iron-ore Wastes....Pages 29-47 Fugitive Dust and Human Exposure to Heavy Metals Around the Red Dog Mine....Pages 49-63 A Profile of Ring-hydroxylating Oxygenases that Degrade Aromatic Pollutants....Pages 65-94 Environmental Implications of Oil Spills from Shipping Accidents....Pages 95-114 Water Quality in South San Francisco Bay, California: Current Condition and Potential Issues for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project....Pages 115-147 Back Matter....Pages 149-154 Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.