Restoring the Oceanic Island Ecosystem : Impact and Management of Invasive Alien Species in the Bonin Islands

Loss of biodiversity on tropical and subtropical oceanic islands is one of the most pressing conservation issues. These oceanic islands are well known for their unique fauna and ? ora, which evolved over long periods in isolation from external perturbation. However, the maj- ity of these islands in the Paci? c were eventually settled by Polynesians and then by Europeans; by about 200 years ago, only a few island groups remained untouched. The Bonin Islands are one of these groups. The Bonin Island group is one of the most remote in the world. The islands are located 1,000 km south of Japan off the eastern fringe of Eurasia. They were ? rst discovered by the Japanese in 1670, settled by Westerners from Hawaii in 1830, and ? nally recognized as a Japanese territory in 1862 on condition that previous settlers would be protected and allowed to remain with full rights. Because of this complicated history, the Bonins have two names. What's The Bonin Islands? / Kazuto Kawakami -- Impacts Of Invasive Alien Species On Native Ecosystems On The Bonin Islands / Naoki Kachi -- The Cause Of Mollusk Decline On The Ogasawara Islands / Isamu Okochi, Hiroki Sato, And Takashi Ohbayashi -- Rapid Decline Of Endemic Snails In The Ogasawara Islands, Western Pacific Ocean / Takashi Ohbayashi [and Others] -- Food Habit Of Platydemus Manokwari De Beauchamp, 1962 (tricladida: Terricola: Rhynchodemidae), Known As A Predatory Flatworm Of Land Snails In The Ogasawara (bonin) Islands, Japan / Takashi Ohbayashi [and Others] -- High Predation Pressure By An Introduced Flatworm On Land Snails On The Oceanic Ogasawara Islands / Shinji Sugiura, Isamu Okochi, And Hisashi Tamada -- Potential Impacts Of The Invasive Flatworm Platydemus Manokwari On Arboreal Snails / Shinji Sugiura, And Yuichi Yamaura --^ Impacts Of Predation By The Invasive Black Rat Rattus Rattus On The Bulwer's Petrel Bulwaria Bulwerii In The Bonin Islands, Japan / Kazuto Kawakami [and Others] -- Morphological And Ecological Shifts In A Land Snail Caused By The Impact Of An Introduced Predator / Satoshi Chiba -- Bird Predation By Domestic Cats On Hahajima Island, Bonin Islands, Japan / Kazuto Kawakami, And Hiroyoshi Higuchi -- Feral Cat Predation On Seabirds On Hahajima, The Bonin Islands, Southern Japan / Kazuto Kawakami, And Masaki Fujita -- High Population Densities Of An Exotic Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis And Its Possible Role As A Pollinator In The Ogasawara Islands / Isamu Okochi [and Others] -- Why Have Endemic Pollinators Declined On The Ogasawara Islands? / Tetsuto Abe, Shunʼichi Makino, And Isamu Okochi -- Vegetation Changes Between 1978, 1991 And 2003 In The Nakoudojima Island That Had Been Disturbed By Feral Goats / Kenji Hata, Jun-ichirou Suzuki, And Naoki Kachi --^ Seed And Seedling Demography Of Invasive And Native Trees Of Subtropical Pacific Islands / Naoko Yamashita [and Others] -- Effects Of An Alien Shrub Species, Leucaena Leucocephala, On Establishment Of Native Mid-successional Tree Species After Disturbance In The National Park In The Chichijima Island, A Subtropical Oceanic Island / Kenji Hata, Jun-ichirou Suzuki, And Naoki Kachi -- Management Of Invasive Alien Species In The Bonin Islands / Shunʼichi Makino -- Species Diversity And Conservation Of Mandarina, An Endemic Land Snail Of The Ogasawara Islands / Satoshi Chiba -- Hot Water Tolerance Of Soil Animals : Utility Of Hot Water Immersion In Preventing Invasions Of Alien Soil Animals / Shinji Sugiura -- Endemic Insects In The Ogasawara Islands : Negative Impacts Of Alien Species And A Potential Mitigation Strategy / Haruki Karube -- A Decrease In Endemic Odonates In The Ogasawara Islands, Japan / Mayumi Yoshimura And Isamu Okochi --^ Ecology And Control Of The Green Anole (anolis Carolinensis), An Invasive Alien Species On The Ogasawara Islands / Mitsuhiko Toda [and Others] -- Eradication And Ecosystem Impacts Of Rats In The Ogasawara Islands / Takuma Hashimoto -- Eradication Of The Invasive Tree Species Bischofia Javanica And Restoration Of Native Forests On The Ogasawara Islands / Nobuyuki Tanaka [and Others] -- Predicting Future Invasion Of An Invasive Alien Tree In A Japanese Oceanic Island By Process-based Statistical Models Using Recent Distribution Maps / Keita Fukasawa [and Others] -- Beetle Responses To Artificial Gaps In An Oceanic Island Forest : Implications For Invasive Tree Management To Conserve Endemic Species Diversity / Shinji Sugiura [and Others] -- Reconstruction Of The Ecosystem In The Bonin Islands / Kazuto Kawakami. Kazuto Kawakami, Isamu Okochi, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 What's the Bonin Islands?....Pages 3-7 Front Matter....Pages 9-9 Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Native Ecosystems on the Bonin Islands....Pages 11-14 The cause of mollusk decline on the Ogasawara Islands....Pages 15-25 Rapid decline of endemic snails in the Ogasawara Islands, Western Pacific Ocean....Pages 27-33 Food habit of Platydemus manokwari De Beauchamp, 1962 (Tricladida: Terricola: Rhynchodemidae), known as a predatory flatworm of land snails in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan....Pages 35-40 High Predation Pressure by an Introduced Flatworm on Land Snails on the Oceanic Ogasawara Islands....Pages 41-44 Potential impacts of the invasive flatworm Platydemus manokwari on arboreal snails....Pages 45-50 Impacts of Predation by the Invasive Black Rat Rattus rattus on the Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii in the Bonin Islands, Japan....Pages 51-55 Morphological and ecological shifts in a land snail caused by the impact of an introduced predator....Pages 57-64 Bird predation by domestic cats on Hahajima Island, Bonin Islands, Japan....Pages 65-66 Feral cat predation on seabirds on Hahajima, the Bonin Islands, Southern Japan....Pages 67-70 High population densities of an exotic lizard, Anolis carolinensis and its possible role as a pollinator in the Ogasawara Islands.....Pages 71-74 Why have endemic pollinators declined on the Ogasawara Islands?....Pages 75-83 Vegetation changes between 1978, 1991 and 2003 in the Nakoudojima island that had been disturbed by feral goats....Pages 85-91 Seed and seedling demography of invasive and native trees of subtropical Pacific islands....Pages 93-102 Effects of an alien shrub species, Leucaena leucocephala , on establishment of native mid-successional tree species after disturbance in the national park in the Chichijima island, a subtropical oceanic island....Pages 103-110 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Management of Invasive Alien Species in the Bonin Islands....Pages 113-116 Species Diversity and Conservation of Mandarina , an Endemic Land Snail of the Ogasawara Islands....Pages 117-125 Hot water tolerance of soil animals: utility of hot water immersion in preventing invasions of alien soil animals....Pages 127-132 Endemic Insects in the Ogasawara Islands: Negative Impacts of Alien Species and a Potential Mitigation Strategy....Pages 133-137 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 A decrease in endemic odonates in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan....Pages 139-144 Ecology and Control of the Green Anole ( Anolis carolinensis ), an Invasive Alien Species on the Ogasawara Islands....Pages 145-152 Eradication and Ecosystem Impacts of Rats in the Ogasawara Islands....Pages 153-159 Eradication of the Invasive Tree Species Bischofia javanica and Restoration of Native Forests on the Ogasawara Islands....Pages 161-171 Predicting future invasion of an invasive alien tree in a Japanese oceanic island by process-based statistical models using recent distribution maps....Pages 173-183 Beetle responses to artificial gaps in an oceanic island forest: implications for invasive tree management to conserve endemic species diversity....Pages 185-202 Front Matter....Pages 203-203 Reconstruction of the Ecosystem in the Bonin Islands....Pages 205-209 Back Matter....Pages 211-216 The Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, part of a remote Japanese archipelago, are a typical hot spot of biological invasion. Indigenous fauna and flora, which had long evolved in isolation, suffered devastating deforestation and invasion by multiple alien species in the twentieth century. Studies on the impacts of green anoles, flatworms, goats, cats, black rats, and tree and shrub species, among others, have led to new policies in an attempt to arrest the irreversible damage to the island biota. This book provides an overview of the research findings and countermeasures necessary for the successful management of island ecosystems. Based in research conducted over multiple species, this work provides scientists, researchers, students, and policy makers a unique perspective on the integration of conservation projects running simultaneously in the Bonin Islands and on the diversity of their, impacts. Restoring ecosystems through the management of alien species is an important conservation issue and the dream that prompted this book. --Book Jacket The Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, part of a remote Japanese archipelago, are a typical hot spot of biological invasion. This book provides an overview of the research findings and countermeasures necessary for the successful management of island ecosystems. It is useful to scientists, researchers, students, and policy makers