Responsible Consumption and Production (Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals)

The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. It encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 12, namely " Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns " and contains the description of a range of terms, which allows a better understanding and fosters knowledge. Concretely, the defined targets are: Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries Achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses Achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities Ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities Editorial Board Medani P. Bhandari, Luciana Londero Brandli, Morgane M. C. Fritz, Ulla A. Saari, Leonardo L. Sta Romana Responsible Consumption and Production Series Preface Volume Preface List of Topics About the Editors About the Section Editors Contributors A 3D Printing Additive Manufacturing Affect Agriculture Production and Consumption Synonyms Definition Introduction Agricultural Production Food Consumption Discussion and Final Remarks Envisioning a Sustainable Future for Agriculture Cross-References References Ambient Approaches to Define Environmental Debt in the Framework of Sustainable Development Synonyms Definition Introduction Environmental Debt from Different Points of View Ecological Debt Concepts The Methods to Estimate Environmental Debt Cross-References References Atmosphere Awareness Rising of Consumers, Employees, Suppliers, and Governments Synonyms Definition Introduction Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals as a Global Tool of Raising Awareness of Consumers, Employees, Suppliers, and Gov... SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production Ecological Thinking, Intuition, and Knowledge as a Base of Awareness Global Awareness Raising Ecological Education and Education for Sustainable Development Certificates, Labels, Organizations, and Foundations Raising Awareness in Business (Especially Small and Medium) and Suppliers Pro-ecological/Pro-environmental/Pro-sustainability Attitudes Creating and Changing Consumers Habits Summary Cross-References References B Balance Between Ecological and Human Needs Balanced Growth Blue Economy Business Environment: Emerging External and Internal Pressures for Sustainable Production Synonyms Definition Introduction External and Internal Pressures for Improving Environmental Performance Macro Environment Microenvironment Organizational Environment Key Issues Future Directions Cross-References References By-product Exchange By-product Reuse By-product Synergy C Capability Building Through Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Learning Definitions Introduction Dynamic Capabilities Connection to Capability Building Evolution of the Theory Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities Organizational Learning Connection to Capability Building Evolution of the Theory Microfoundations of Organizational Learning Discussion and Conclusions Cross-References References Carbon Accounting Carbon Footprints of Organizations and Products Synonyms Definition Introduction General Characteristics of Carbon Footprints Assessing Emissions of Different GHGs Levels of Assessment and Associated Methods Temporal and Geographical Considerations Calculating Carbon Footprints of Organizations and Products Organizational Carbon Footprint Product Carbon Footprint An Integrated Perspective of Organizational and Product Carbon Footprints The Role of Carbon Footprints for Sustainable Production and Consumption Supporting Organizational Decision-Making and Innovation Creating Transparency and Informing Stakeholders Facilitating Research on Organizational Sustainability Key Challenges in Carbon Footprinting and Ways Ahead Methodological Issues Unidimensionality and Burden Shifting Lack of Integration and Harmonization Across Standards Conclusion Cross-References References Carbon Inventory Cheap Search: A New Methodology for Technological Innovations Definition Introduction Innovation x Need Modeling of Real Events Through Computational Methodologies The Intrinsic Technological Capacity of Man New Technologies Through the Sharing of Ideas Fab Lab Cyberdemocracy, Internet Technology at the Service of Political and Social Structures Low-Cost Technology for Social Inclusion Conclusions Cross-References References Circular Economy Circular Economy: Enabling the Transition Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production Synonyms Definition Introduction Circular Economy at the Macro-level: Policy and Regional Development High Level Policies and Regulations: Examples from China and the EU Urban and Regional Circular Economy Meso-level Implementations: Business Networks Industrial Symbiosis Circular Supply Chains Implementation on the Firm Level Circular Design Remanufacturing Business Models for a Circular Economy Key Issues Consumer Behavior Future Directions Cross-References References Circular Packaging Cleaner Production and Technologies Definition Introduction Cleaner Production Approach and Timeline Cleaner Production Benefits and Impacts Cleaner Production Methodology Cleaner Production Opportunities and Challenges Cleaner Production and Technologies Conclusions Cross-References References Climate Climate-Friendly Growth Clime Closed-Loop Closed-Loop Economy Code of Conducts: Catalyst for Sustainable Consumption and Production Synonyms Definitions Sustainable Consumption and Production: A History SDG 12 Targets SDG 12 and the Supplier ́s Code of Conduct UN Global Compact ́s Ten Principles of the Supplier ́s Code of Conduct The UN ́s Ten Principles Best Practices in Dealing with Suppliers Way Forward Cross-References References Collaborative Efforts of Youth for Achieving Sustainable Consumption Commitment Competition Competitive Advantage Competitive Environment Context Control of Reinforcement Corporate Citizenship Corporate Responsiveness Corporate Social Performance Corporate Social Responsibility Synonyms Definitions Origin of Corporate Social Responsibility Approaches to CSR Corporate Citizenship Corporate Social Responsiveness Corporate Social Performance CSR as Competitive Advantage Political CSR CSR and Sustainable Development CSR Standards CSR in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises Critique and Future Agenda of CSR Cross-References References Corporate Sustainability Cradle to Cradle Cradle to Cradle: An Eco-effective Model Synonyms Definition Cradle to Cradle Introduction The Throw-Away Industrial Model Eco-efficiency Versus Eco-effectiveness The Cradle to Cradle Framework Waste Equals Food Use Current Solar Income Celebrate Diversity The Cradle to Cradle Certification Criticism of C2C Future of C2C Cross-References References Cradle-to-Cradle Packaging D Dangerous Substances Decarbonization: A Method to Ensure Equity and Justice in Addressing Climate Change Definition Introduction Carbonization: Green House Effect and Climatic Change Carbon and Climate Change Energy Sources and Environmental Crises Decarbonization Decarbonizing Electricity Generation Decarbonizing Transport Decarbonizing Built Environment Decarbonizing Industrial Production Recarbonizing Soil Conclusion Cross-References References Diffusion of Vegan Food Innovations: A Dual-Market Perspective Definitions Introduction The Dual-Market Model Methods Restauranteurs ́ Perceptions of the Market Strategies to Reach the Main Market Conclusions Cross-References References Digital Enterprise E Eco-effective Packaging (Packaging World 2018) Eco-entrepreneurship Eco-friendly Packaging (Designs That Are Reusable or Recyclable) Eco-industrial Network Eco-industrial Parks Synonyms Definition Eco-Industrial Parks Introduction Characteristics of Eco-Industrial Parks Historical Evolution of Eco-Industrial Parks Review of Previous Works on Eco-Industrial Parks Eco-Industrial Parks in Practice Discussion and Conclusions Cross-References References Ecological Debt Ecological Economics Ecological Packaging (ESKO 2018) Economic Competitiveness: An Overview of Multilevel Concept Definitions Introduction Economic Competitiveness: Evolution of Definitions, Types Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Economic Competitiveness Different Levels of Competitiveness and Its Measurement Global Level Microeconomic Level Link Between Global Competitiveness and Firm ́s Actions Discussions Cross-References Acknowledgment References Economic Growth and Long-Term Competitiveness: Contribution of the Private Sector Definition Introduction Sustainable Economic Growth: Three Dimensions Corporate Approaches to Sustainable Growth The Altruistic Approach The Normative Approach The Instrumentalist Approach Cost Reduction Increase Revenue by Differentiation Improve the Efficacy and the Efficiency of the Value Chain Improve Labor Productivity Build, Maintain, or Improve Reputation Improve Firm ́s Market Value (FMV) Improve Corporate Governance and Relationships with Stakeholders Corporate Sustainable Growth: From Theory to Practice Cross-References References Ecopreneurship Efficient Use of Natural Resources Synonyms Definition Introduction Measuring Resource Efficiency Domestic Material Consumption Material Footprint Resource Efficiency and Decoupling Barriers to Effectivity of Resource Efficiency Regulations and Initiatives Regulatory Approaches Resource Efficiency in Practice Conclusion Cross-References References Empowering and Mobilizing Youth for SDG 12 Synonyms Definition Introduction Characteristics of Youth Empowerment Civic Engagement Democratic Participation Social Innovation Potentialities and Barriers in Young People ́s Sustainable Behavior Qualities of Young People and Their Relation with Sustainable Consumption Difficulties and Possibilities of Promoting Sustainable Consumption in Young People Possible Actions or Ways for Empowering and Mobilizing Youth for Sustainable Consumption Developing Cross-Cutting Sustainability Competencies in the University Curriculum Strategies for Youth Empowerment Working on Motivation Through Global Sustainability Final Considerations Cross-References References Enforcement Environment Environmental Accounting: Concept, Methodology, and Application Synonyms Definition What Is Environmental Accounting Process of Environmental Accounting Environmental Costs The Types of Environmental Costs Environmental Cost Centers The Importance of Environmental Costs Environmental Accounting for Reporting Cross-References References Environmental and Social Impacts of Food Waste Definition Introduction Food Waste Is a Social and Environmental Issue Food Waste Is a Social Issue Food Waste Is an Environmental Issue Food Waste Across the World Food Loss at Different Stages of the Food Supply Chain Reducing Food Waste Reducing Food Waste at the Individual Level Food Waste Reduction at the Government Level Examples of Food Waste Reduction Conclusion Cross-References References Further Reading Environmental Awareness Environmental Entrepreneurship/Enviropreneurship Environmental Finance Environmental Human Resource Management Environmental Impact Analysis Environmental Impacts Environmental Locus of Control Environmental Management Accounting Environs Escalating Resource Use: Securing Resources for the Future Definitions Introduction Sustainable Development Sustainability Models and Proponents The United Nations Sustainable Development Model Prism of Sustainable Development The Egg of Sustainability and Well-being The Pillars and the SDGs Sustainable Production and Consumption Conclusions Acknowledgment References External Business Environment Externalities F Factories for the Future: Toward Sustainable Smart Manufacturing Synonyms Definitions Introduction Background: Concepts and Technologies of Factories of the Future Research Methodology Results and Discussions: Fostering Sustainable Smart Manufacturing Integrating Industry 4.0 and Sustainability: Theories and Applications Opportunities and Challenges Toward Sustainable Smart Manufacturing Conclusions Cross-References References Factory of the Future Fair Trade Definition Introduction Fair Trade The Fair Trade Consumer Conclusion Cross-References References Farming Firm-Level Competitiveness Fitness Fresh Water Needs and Conservation Definitions Introduction Social Development Impacts Water Quality Land Use/Land Cover Impacts Biological Diversity and Fresh Water Quality References G Global Food Waste Definitions Global Food Waste: Challenges and Action Toward SDG 12.3 Target Introduction Global Food Waste: Definitions and Causes Food Waste Accounting Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard (FLW Standard) FUSIONS Quantification Manual Indicators to Monitor SDG 12.3 Examples of Initiatives Being Developed Worldwide to Tackle Food Waste The Food Loss and Waste Protocol Champions 12.3 World Wildlife Fund (WWF): Food Waste EU Platform on Food Waste and Food Losses Rethinking Food Waste (ReFED) SAVE FOOD initiative Action Toward Target 12.3 Conclusions Cross-References References Green and Sustainable Finance Definitions Introduction History of Sustainable Finance Sustainable vs Traditional Finance Business Case Barriers to Scaling Up Sustainable Finance Options to Scale Up Sustainable Finance Conclusion Cross-References References Green Chemistry for Sustainable Production and Consumption Patterns Definition Introduction Soil Contamination and Phytoremediation as a Sustainable Solution Final Considerations References Green Debt Green Entrepreneurship Synonyms Definition Conventional Entrepreneurship Versus Green Entrepreneurship Characteristics of Green Entrepreneurs Opportunity Recognition Environmental Changes Increase the Demand for Green Products and Services Transformational Role of Green Entrepreneurship: Building a Green Economy Green and Sustainable Business Models Green Entrepreneurship as a Promoter of SDG 12: Sustainable Consumption and Production Key Issues Greenwashing Future Directions Cross-References References Green Growth Green HRM Green Human Resource Management Synonyms Definitions Introduction: The Logic Form Implementing Green HRM How to Implement Environmental Sustainability: Green HRM as a Bottom-Up Approach Green Human Resource Practices Practices Oriented Toward Improving Employees ́ Green Abilities Green Recruitment and Selection Green Education and Training Practices Oriented Toward Improving Employees ́ Motivations to Engage in Environmental Issues Pay and Reward Systems Green Appraisal and Performance Management Practices Oriented Toward Increasing Employees ́ Opportunities to Contribute to Environmental Sustainability Green Communication Green Teams Empowerment and Supportive Managerial Behaviors Alignment Among Green HRM Practices The Role of Green HRM in Sustainable Development Goals Final Remarks Cross-References References Green Procurement Greenhouse Gas Emissions Definition Introduction Greenhouse Gases: Types, Sources, and Consequences Carbon Dioxide Methane Surface-Level Ozone (O3) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Fluorinated Gases (Halocarbons) Aerosols Water Vapor Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Current Global Situation, Retrospection, and Possible Scenarios Ways Out: Sustainable Production and Consumption Sustainable Production Sustainable Consumption Trading Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cross-References References H Hazardous Chemicals Hazardous Substances Synonyms Definition Introduction Substances of Concern Based on Hazard Criteria Carcinogens Endocrine Disruptors Sensitizers Heavy Metals Persistent Organic Pollutants Volatile Organic Compounds Ozone-Depleting Substances Pesticides Micropollutants Cross-References References Health Healthiness Heartiness I Impact Impacts on Environment and on Human Health Synonyms Definition Introduction Health Problems Sustainable Development and Human Health Problem Paths Forward Conclusions Cross-References References Websites Importance Impress Improving the Quality of Life of Urban Communities in Developing Countries Definition Introduction Concept of and Perspectives on QoL Measuring Quality of Life Importance and Challenges of QoL Assessment Relationship Between QoL and SD QoL Project Sustainability QoL and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Approaches and Case Studies of Projects for Improving People ́s QoL Key Approaches for Improving the QoL of Populations Healthcare Delivery Housing Provision Education and Literacy Water and Sanitation Services Livelihood Opportunities Case Studies of QoL Projects Case I: Community-Based Poverty Alleviation Project in Kebbi State, Nigeria Case II: Community-Based Rural Development Project in Burkina Faso Conclusion References Industrial Ecology in Support of Sustainable Development Goals Definitions Introduction Historical View of Sustainable Development Goals Industrial Ecosystem Versus Industrial Ecology Industrial Ecology and Capacity for the Sustainable Production Circular Economy and Sustainable Consumption and Production Issue Industrial Ecology and Capacity for Sustainable Production: The Intersection Conclusion Cross-References References Industrial Ecosystem Industrial Park Industrial Symbiosis Industrial Symbiosis: Context and Relevance to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Synonyms Definitions Introduction Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis Industrial Symbiosis Inspiration: Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis and Eco-Industrial Parks Industrial Symbiosis in Practice Critical Topics in Industrial Symbiosis Geographic Proximity and Colocation Self-Organization Complex Adaptive Systems Social Networks, Learning, and Innovation Metrics and Evaluation Typology Development in Industrial Symbiosis Tools and Approaches Material and Location-Based Tools Social and Stakeholder-Based Tools Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Tools Future Opportunities Conclusion Cross-References References Industry 4.0 Influence Informal Recycling Sector (IRS), Contribution to the Achievement of the SDGs, and a Circular Economy Synonyms Definitions Informal Recycling Sector: A Theoretical and Historical Perspective to Understand Its Role in Solid Waste Management and Contr... Introduction Theoretical Approaches Marxist and Neo-Marxist theory Urban Political Ecology (UPE) Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) Ecological Economics: An Umbrella Including Urban Metabolism, Industrial Ecology, Life Cycle Thinking, and Circular Economy An Ancestral Occupation and Its Drivers ``Scavenging: A Historical Perspective ́ ́ (Adapted from Medina 2007) Prehistory and Antiquity Middle Age, Renaissance, and Early Modernity Nineteenth Century Drivers for SWM and the Beginning of Regulation The IRS, SWM, and the SDGs From the Public Health Driver From the Environmental Driver From the Resource Value Driver From the Inclusivity Driver Role and Size in SWM Barriers to Formalization Path Forward Conclusion Cross-References Acknowledgment References Integrated Assessment Interaction Internal Business Environment Internally Oriented Values and Sustainable Behavior Definition Introduction Concept of Values Values Impact on Behavior Concept of Internally Oriented Values Internally Oriented Values and Consumer Behavior Conclusion Cross-References References L Lean Manufacturing and Sustainable Development Synonyms Definitions Introduction Lean Principles and Philosophy Value and Value Stream Flow Just-In-Time and Pull Control Kaizen: Seeking for Perfection Connection Between Lean and Sustainability Discussion Cross-References References Lean Production Learning System Legislation Life Cycle Analysis C Low Carbon Growth: Economic Progress from the Planet ́s Perspective Synonyms Definitions Introduction Global Warming, Climate Change, and Its Impacts The Transition to Low Carbon Growth The Transition to Clean Energy Solar Energy Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Energy Bioenergy Nuclear Energy The Role of Natural Gas in the Transition Forestry ́s Role in the Transition Planetary Boundaries, Low Carbon Growth, and SDG 12 Conclusions Cross-References References M Macro Environment Market Distortions Encouraging Wasteful Consumption Synonyms Definitions Introduction Basic Concepts and Theories Basic Ideas About Consumption Classical Economy: Optimal Resource Use in Perfect Market Waste in Reality Alternative Economy: Call for Sufficiency and Equality Market Failures and Market Distortions Consumers Are Not Informed Enough Consumers Are Emotionally and Culturally Influenced Consumers Do Not Pay for the Cost of Waste Suggestions for Policy Reform and Future Research Cross-References References Mass Market and the Rise of Consumption Definition Mass Market: Emergence and Rise Consumption Versus Consumerism Conclusions Cross-References References Material Flow Analysis Synonyms Definition Introduction Individual Activities of Material Flow The Input-Output Principle Types of Individual Material Flow Activities Process Chains of Material Flow Flowcharts Swim Lane Diagrams Precedence Diagrams Spaghetti Diagrams Product Life Cycle View of Material Flow Improvement of Material Flow Simulation as a Tool in the Analysis of Material Flow Elements of Modeling and Simulation of Material Flow An Example of Simulation in the Material Flow Within a Manufacturing Facility Discussion Cross-References References Material Flow Investigation Material Flow Study Material Footprint of Consumption (MF of Consumption) Material Footprint: Understanding Resource Efficiency by Considering Actual Raw Material Consumption Synonyms Definition Introduction Quantification and Assessment of Economy-Wide Material Requirements Traditional Approach: Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) Based on Economy-Wide Material Flow Accounting (EW-MFA) From DMC to Material Footprint (MF) Criticism About DMC as Indicator Ecological Rucksack and MIPS Concept to Describe Resources Embedded in Products and Services Toward and Economy-Wide Assessment of Indirect and Direct Resource Flows: Raw Material Equivalents (RMEs) to Calculate the Raw... Material Footprint (MF) as a Synonym to RMC Methods to Determine the Material Footprint MF According to the International Resource Panel (IRP) and the UN Environment IRP Global Material Flows Database MF and DMC Reporting in the SDG Indicator System DMC and MF: A Tier 1 and a Tier 3 Indicator Where to Find MF and DMC Data Collected Within the SDG Framework A More Comprehensive Picture of Resource Consumption MF and DMC Both Have Their Justification Cross-References References Material Productivity Materiality: From Accounting to Sustainability and the SDGs Synonyms Definitions What Is Materiality? Introduction to Materiality Roots and Purpose of the Concept Bringing Materiality in the Context of Nonfinancial Issues Materiality in Practice Materiality: Future Directions Cross-References References Medium Microenvironment Micro-service Providers Middle-Class Consumers and Consumerism as a Lifestyle Definition Middle-Class Consumers Through History Middle-Class Contemporary Composition and Its Differences Between Developed and Emergent Countries Impacts of Continuous Growth of Middle-Class Consumption Conclusions Cross-References References Milieu Move Multiple Faceted Mutuality N National Competitiveness Natural Capital and Ecological Ecosystem Services: Methods of Measuring Socio-economic Value of Nature Definition Introduction History of the Concept and Two Basic Approaches Ecological Ecosystem Services Natural Capital Quality Evaluation Methods Criticism, Problems, and Actions for the Future Conclusions Cross-References References Net-Zero-Emissions Growth Nonhuman Rights and Human Sustainability Definitions Introduction Rights of Nature Religious and Legal Traditions Define Humanity as Supreme A Twentieth-Century Environmental Awakening Legal Scholarship Considers Taking Nature Seriously Indigenous Worldview Rises Internationally Possible Challenges to Human Mastership Primitivism Veganism Animal Rights Philosophy Animals and Legal Personhood Conservation Biology Human Sustainability: Discussion and Conclusion References O Operational Environment Organizational Environment P Participation Perceived Behavioral Control Perceived Consumer Effectiveness Synonyms Definition Introduction Conceptualization Related Constructs Relevance of PCE for Sustainable Development Goal 12 Relevance of PCE in Different Domains of Sustainable Consumption Implications Summary Cross-References References Plastic Packaging, Recycling, and Sustainable Development Synonyms Definition Introduction Strategies for Sustainable Management of Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) Technological Plastic Bottles ́ Recycling Strategies and Methods Mechanical Recycling Chemical Recycling Environmental Concerns and Legislation Strategies Economic Strategies Social Strategies Market Strategies Sustainable Packaging: An Innovative Way Toward Sustainable Development Conclusions Cross-References References Plastics Recycling Pollution Prevention and Control Strategies, Implications, and Challenges Definitions Introduction Types of Pollution Socioeconomic Implications of Pollution Prevention Initiatives and Policies Challenges for Pollution Prevention Practical Examples of Pollution Prevention and Control Around the World Relationship with Some Sustainable Development Goals Final Considerations and Future Directions Cross-References Acknowledgment References Precautionary Principle Prevention of Wastes: Concept and Its Implementation Definitions Introduction Prevention of Waste Type and Hazardousness of Waste Programs and Initiatives Prevention of Waste Around the World Austria Finland Germany California, USA England Asia Brazil How to Measure the Prevention of Waste Motivations and Barriers for Waste Prevention Conclusion Cross-References References Priority Substances Proactive Management Procurement Promote Local Culture and Products Synonyms Definition The Natural Context of Culture The Local Culture and Its Value Conclusions Cross-References References R Rapid Prototyping Raw Material Consumption (RMC) Reach Reclaimers Recoupling Recover Recyclers Recycling of Materials for Sustainable Development: Reasons, Approaches, Economics, and Stakeholders of Recycling Synonyms Definitions Introduction Reasons for Recycling Approaches and Methods of Recycling Economics of Recycling Stakeholders ́ Implication in Recycling Conclusion Cross-References References Recycling Wastewater for Reuse Definition Introduction Need of Water Recycling Sustainable Water Policy Reasons for Rising Wastewater and Its Impact Application of Recycled Wastewater Water Recycling in Textile Industry Textile Effluent Recycling Techniques RO Technology for Water Recycling Cross-References References Regional Competitiveness Regulated Self-Responsibility Regulatory Risk Management of Chemicals Synonyms Definitions Chemicals Management in the Context of Sustainable Development Goal 12 Political and Normative Context: Johannesburg Goals and SAICM Process Institutional Framework International Agreements REACH: Legal Framework Addressing the Life Cycle of Chemicals Regulatory Approach Registration of Substances (No Data, No Market) Dossier and Substance Evaluation Authorization Restriction Inclusive Governance Classification and Labelling Practical Experiences Conclusion: SAICM Basic Elements in REACH Summary Cross-References References Relevance Reporting Weaknesses Reprocess Resource Efficiency Resource Synergy Responsible Consumption in Anthropocene Introduction Definitions Defining Responsible Versus Conventional Consumption Factors Influencing Consumption Patterns Paving the Way Toward Responsible Consumption: Participatory Design Historical Insights Applying Transdisciplinary Design A Way Toward Behavioral Change Encouraging Responsible Consumerism Concluding Remark References Responsible Production Responsible Supply Chain Management Reuse, Reduce, Recycle Definition Introduction 3Rs ́ Overview Impacts and Benefits of 3Rs Implementation of 3Rs 3Rs and Circular Economy Conclusions Cross-References References Risk Management Robustness Role and Responsibility of the Consumer(s) in Sustainable Consumption Definitions Introduction The Consumption Impact The Ecological Footprint An International Agenda: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Consumer ́s Logic and Positional Consumerism: Between Needs and Wants Attitude-Behavior Gap and Limitations of Consumer ́s Change Product ́s Life Cycle Responsibility of the Consumer(s) Concluding Remarks: Tackling the Global Impacts of Consumption - A Shared Responsibility Cross-References References S SAICM Sap Self-Efficacy Setting Significance Slavery and Sustainable Development Synonyms Definition Introduction Modern Slavery Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Sustainable Development and Modern-Day Slavery United Nations Stance on Modern Slavery NGO Activism and Modern Slavery Business and Modern Slavery Forward Direction Conclusions Cross-References References Smart Factory Smart Manufacturing Social Aspects of Sustainability Definitions Sustainability and Human Well-Being Human Well-Being and Social Aspects Technical Frameworks: Reporting and Assessment Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) Definition of Goal and Scope of the Case Study Social Significance Empirical Limitations Identical Elements Change of Socially Effecting Behavior Life Cycle Inventory Analysis Life Cycle Impact Assessment Life Cycle Interpretation Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) Conclusions Cross-References References Social Manufacturing and Open Design Synonyms Definitions Introduction From Idea to Innovation Emerging Paradigms Open Design and Social Manufacturing What Platforms Exist Today for Open Design and Social Manufacturing? Conclusions Cross-References References Social Procurement Social Sustainability and Continuous Learning in the Circular Economy Framework Definitions Introduction Aspects of Sustainable Development and Manufacturing Drivers for Social Sustainability Societal, Technological, and Economical Push Sustainable Manufacturing Social and Political Implications Expectations and Future Visions for Socially Sustainable Manufacturing Continuous Learning as Basis for Sustainability in Europe Needs from the Field Methods to Teach Future Workers: Learning and Teaching Factories Conclusions Cross-References References Socio-ecological Balance Soundness Stakeholders ́ Dialogue and Engagement Synonyms Definitions Reflections and Comprehensions Stakeholder Dialogue Stakeholder Engagement Stakeholder Dialogue and Engagement on Sustainability Practices Beyond Sustainability Practice Conclusions Cross-References References Strike Student Empowerment for Sustainable Consumption Student-Led Action for Sustainable Consumption The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable.The United Nations has acknowledged the problemand approved the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. Itencompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 12, namely " Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns " and contains the description of a range of terms, which allows a better understanding and fosters knowledge. Concretely, the defined targets are: Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries Achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses Achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities Ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities Editorial Board Medani P. Bhandari,Luciana Londero Brandli, Morgane M. C. Fritz, Ulla A. Saari, Leonardo L. Sta Romana 04 02 Sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.- Reduction of global food waste and food loss along production, including post-harvest losses.- Management of chemicals and all wastes through life cycle, to reduce release to air, water and soil.- Reduced waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.- Strengthen scientific and technological capacity of developing countries towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production.- Sustainable tourism, promotion of local culture and products. 13 02 Walter Leal Filho (BSc, PhD, DSc, DPhil, DEd, DL, DLitt) is a Senior Professor and Head of the Research and Transfer Centre "Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences in Germany, and Chair of Environment and Technology at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. He is the initiator of the Word Sustainable Development Symposia (WSSD-U) series, and chairs the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme. Professor Leal Filho has written, co-written, edited or co-edited more than 400 publications, including books, book chapters and papers in refereed journals. Anabela Marisa Azul is a Researcher at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra (UC, Portugal). She holds a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences, specializing in Ecology (2002, UC), and pursued her investigation on biology and ecology of fungi to pinpoint the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis for sustainability of Mediterranean forests under different land use scenarios at the Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE-UC), where she became an Associate Researcher (from 2009 to 2014). At CFE-UC, Marisa Azul developed a holistic approach that combined innovation in food production with sustainable development and public scientific awareness to multiple actors. At CNC, from 2014 on, Marisa Azul focuses her investigation on basic research and participatory research dynamics to pinpoint links between metabolism, health/disease, and sustainability. She has broad academic experience as a researcher working in participatory research and interdisciplinary that link biomedical and life/environmental sciences, social sciences, scienceeducation, science communication, and artistic forms. Her research interests also lie in bringing together the academy and social/economical players. She has been successful in attracting national and international funding, coordinating projects, and mentoring young researchers on the topics mentioned. She has co-authored over 40 scientific publications and book chapters, co-edited 4 books on Climate Change Management Series and 1 onWorld Sustainability Series published by Springer, co-authored 4 books for children and 2 comics, and co-produced 1 animation. Luciana Brandli, Ph.D. , is an Associate Professor in the University of Passo Fundo, Brazil, working in the Ph.D. Program in Civil and Environment Engineering. Her current research interests include sustainability in higher education and green campus, management of urban infrastructure and sustainable cities, and the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. She supervises a number of Masters and Doctoral students on engineering and environment and sustainability issues and has in excess of 300 publications, including books, book chapters, and papers in refereed journals. Pinar Gkin zuyar is a Faculty Member of Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey. She received her B.S. degree in Environmental Engineering from Istanbul Technical University in 1992 and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Bogazici University Institute of Environmental Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. Her Ph.D. thesis was based on the Thermodynamic Analysis of Treatment Plants for Producing Energy from SolidWaste which she conducted in Germany with a joint scholarship from Forschungzentrum Jlich and TUBITAK (National Science Foundation of Turkey). Defining herself as a pracademic, she has more than 25 years of experience not only in academia but also in the private sector working on environment and sector-specific activities in Turkey and Dubai (UAE). She has extensive expertise specifically in environmental auditing according to World Bank Standards which is required for international financing especially during company mergers and acquisitions (M) and greenfield projects. Working over the years in projects involving different stakeholder groups with different priorities, she has the proven capacity for establishing a dialogue between such stakeholder groups. Although coming from a technical background, her academic work focuses on involving sustainable development into the strategies of corporations including higher academic institutions. Currently, she teaches and leads funded research on sustainability/sustainable development especially focusing on industrial ecology and regional development. Tony Wall (BSc Hons, PGDip, PGCHE, MA, MSc, EdD, MCIPD, NTFHEA) is a Professor, Founder and Director of the International Thriving at Work Research Group in the United Kingdom where he is the institutional lead for the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme. His research impact work has won multiple Santander International Research Excellence Awards and a National Fellowship of the Higher Education Academy. Apart from being a visiting scholar in the US and Australia, his change work includes co-founding of the Washington Ethical Leadership Summit and the TS Eliot Foundations International Creative Practice for Wellbeing Framework. 19 02 Details essential research, projects and practical action Covers both developed and developing countries Fosters knowledge to support the UN Sustainable Development Goal to ensure sustainable consumption and production 25 02 06 05 300 01 (https://covers.springernature.com/books/9783319957258.tif) https://covers.springernature.com/boo... 01 01 (https://www.springer.com/9783319957258) https://www.springer.com/9783319957258 01 (http://www.springer.com/) http://www.springer.com/ 01 Springer Nature Imprint SPR Springer 01 01 SIP Springer International Publishing 01 05 5251753 Springer International Publishing Cham CH 04 20200304 2020 01 WORLD 08 2465 gr 01 254 mm 02 178 mm 27 03 9783319957265 15 9783319957265 01 ISBN-13 hyphenated 978-3-319-95726-5 DG Springer International Publishing 01 ROW IP 23 20200304 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 481.49 EUR DE R 7 20170803 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 474.74 EUR FR 20170803 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 467.99 EUR IT 20170803 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 494.99 EUR AT R 10 20170803 01 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 449.99 EUR ROW 20170803 01 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 32100.00 INR IN 20170803 01 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 399.99 GBP GB 20180401 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 729.00 AUD AU 20180506 01 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 662.73 AUD AU 20180506 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 530.50 CHF CH R 2.5 20181008 02 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ASPVBSC 02 Product discount group SPVBSC 02 490.49 EUR NL 20190101 Springer International Publishing 01 US 02 Y IP 23 20200303 01 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ADGNY2 02 Product discount group DGNY2 02 449.99 EUR ROW 20170803 01 Recommended Retail Price 01 BIC discount group code ADGNY2 02 Product discount group DGNY2 02 549.99 USD US 20171106