Responses of forest ecosystems to environmental changes : [proceedings of the First European Symposium on Terrestrial Ecosystems - Forests and Woodland, organized by the Commission of the European Communities, the European Science Foundation, and the Ital

This book arises out of a symposium on forest and woodland terrestrial ecosystems which was held in Florence on 20-24th May 1991. It was organised jointly by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) in association with the Italian Research Council (CNR). The symposium brQughUogether most -Of the internationally recognized groups working on forest ecosystems including biologists, botanists, ecologists, soil scientists, modellers, foresters and policy makers. All the CEC countries were represented. In addition, there was a broad audience from Eastern and Central Europe and from EFfA countries. Outstanding experts from outside Europe (US, Australia, Canada, Japan, China, etc.) were also present. In total, the symposium was attended by more than 500 participants. The structure of this book reflects the main elements of the meeting. As such it includes three main sections. The first consists of six major state-of-the-art reviews corresponding to the six plenary sessions, each followed by a discussion which has been summarized by rapporteurs. The reviews were prepared to assess critically the state of current knowledge in ecosystem research and to provide a scientific basis both for policy decisions and for further research. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Evolution of Ecosystem Thinking in European Ecology....Pages 5-15 Some Applications of the Ecosystem Approach to Environmental Problems and Resource Management....Pages 16-30 A New Theoretical Approach to Ecosystem Concept as a Differential of the Biosphere....Pages 31-33 Effects of Invasion by Tsuga Canadensis on a North American Forest Ecosystem....Pages 34-44 How Ecosystems Respond to Environmental Change: Evidence From Late-Quaternary Palaeoecological Records....Pages 45-54 Session Report I is Ecosystem a Working Concept ?....Pages 55-59 Climate and Air Pollution as Determinants of Forest Ecosystem Processes....Pages 63-75 Soil Characteristics of Forest Ecosystems Developed Within the Formerly Periglacial Area of Central Europe....Pages 76-84 Session Report II Environmental Framework For Ecosystem Development....Pages 85-87 Computer Models of Forest Dynamics and Global Changes in the Environment....Pages 91-102 Patterns and Dynamics: The Example of the European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) Forests....Pages 103-114 Incorporating Species Attributes and Environmental Heterogeneity into Forest Models....Pages 115-125 Animal Communities and Vegetation Dynamics: Measuring and Modelling Animal Community Dynamics Along Forest Successions....Pages 126-141 Session Report III Community Patterns and Dynamics....Pages 142-145 Environmental and Physiological Constraints to Forest Yield....Pages 149-164 Forest Soil Biology: Impossible Challenge or Open Market?....Pages 165-175 Nutrient Cycling in European Forests: State of Current Research and Future Needs....Pages 176-188 Soils: Biotic Constructions in a Gaian Sense?....Pages 189-207 Denitrification in Forest Soils....Pages 208-222 Session Report IV Processes in Ecosystems....Pages 223-225 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Input/Output-Analysis of Ions in Forest Ecosystems....Pages 229-243 Patterns in the Biogeochemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA....Pages 244-255 Carbon Flux and Storage in European Forests....Pages 256-271 Session Report V Input/Output....Pages 272-275 Forest Response to a Changing Environment — Central and Northern European Aspects -....Pages 279-297 Environmental Changes in Forests Examples from the South of Europe....Pages 298-309 Front Matter....Pages 311-311 The European Network of Catchments Organised for Research on Ecosystems (Encore)....Pages 315-324 The “EXMAN” Project Experimental Manipulations of Forest Ecosystems....Pages 325-334 NITREX — Nitrogen Saturation Experiments....Pages 335-341 Mechanisms of Nutrient Turnover in the Soil Compartment of Forests....Pages 342-350 Climatic Influence on Litter Decomposition: Methods and Some Results of a NW- European Transect....Pages 351-358 CLIMEX — Climate Change Experiment....Pages 359-364 Land Use Changes and Wildfires....Pages 367-373 Natural Degenerate Mediterranean Forests: Which Future ? The Examples of the Holm Oak (Quercus Ilex L.) and Chestnut (Castanea Sativa Mill.) Coppice Stands....Pages 374-380 The Dehesa: Does this Complex Ecological System Have a Future?....Pages 381-388 Hydrochemical Budgets, Nutrient Cycles and Hydrological Responses in the Quercus ILEX Forest of Prades Catchments....Pages 389-396 Soil Evolution After Fire in Quercus Ilex and Pinus Halepensis Forests....Pages 397-404 Nutrient Cycling Quercetum Frainetto-Cerris Macedonicum Ecosystem In Galicica National Park....Pages 405-416 Organic Matter and Nutrient Dynamics in an Atlantic Beech Forest (Brittany, France)....Pages 419-428 Atmospheric Co 2 Increase and Plant Material Quality: Production, Nitrogen Allocation and Litter Decomposition of Sweet Chestnut....Pages 429-436 Front Matter....Pages 311-311 Compositional Development of Deciduous Forests From Non-Forest Precursors In Northern Belgium: Evidence From Historical Ecology....Pages 437-444 Hydrological Effects of Plantation Foresty in North-Western Europe....Pages 445-455 Importance of Ectomycorrhiza for Forest Ecosystems....Pages 456-461 Influence of Various Stresses on Ca and Mg Nutrition of a Spruce Stand Developed on Acidic Soil.....Pages 465-472 Importance of Land-Use History For Nutrient Cycling in Central European Forests....Pages 473-480 Thirty-Year-Changes in Some Forest Communities of Visegrádi Mts., Hungary....Pages 481-488 A Regional Risk Assessment for Forest Ecosystems, Illustrated By Ne-Bavaria and Central Europe....Pages 489-497 Recent Anthropogenous Distribution of European Beech Outside its Natural Range in Poland....Pages 498-502 The Spruce Forest Ecosystems in Czechoslovakia....Pages 503-511 Session Report IV Central European Forests....Pages 512-512 Responses of Northern Conifers to Changes in Pollution and Climate....Pages 515-519 The Growth Pattern of Scots Pine in Europe....Pages 520-527 The Disturbance Dynamics of Swedish Boreal Forest....Pages 528-535 Session Report V Nordic Forests....Pages 536-536 Front Matter....Pages 537-537 Forest Response to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry (Mainly Acid, Nitrogen, and Heavy Metals Deposition) and Implications in Ecosystem Functioning and Management....Pages 539-543 Forest Response to Climate Change and Implications in Ecosystem Functioning and Management....Pages 544-547 Forest Response to Climate Change and Implications in Ecosystem Functioning and Management....Pages 548-551 Forest Response to Fires and Implications in Ecosystem Functioning and Management....Pages 552-554 Forest Response to Changes in Land Use and Implications for Ecosystem Functioning and Management....Pages 555-559 General Conclusions and Perspectives for Future National and International Research Programmes on Forest Ecosystems....Pages 560-563 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Mid-Holocene Woodland History in Upland England....Pages 567-568 Multivariate Ratio Analysis of Wooded Area, Total Area and Population in the European Community....Pages 569-570 Basic Inventory and Analysis of A 215-Years Old Beech Stand Recently Established as a Total Forest Reserve....Pages 571-572 Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Forests in Ne-Bavaria — Changes Since the Early Nineteenth Century....Pages 573-575 Forests in a Changing Environment on the Etna Volcano....Pages 576-577 Palynological Study of the Peat Bogs of the Sierra Del Bocelo (Galicia, N.W. Spain)....Pages 578-579 Pollinic Representation of Tree Taxa in the Archeological Environment of the Sierra Del Bocelo (N.W. Spain)....Pages 580-581 Changes and Fluctuation of a Zonal Submediterranean Hairy Oak Wood and the Submediterranean Climate in Time and Space in the Pannonian Basin....Pages 582-585 Norway Spruce Decline in NE Bavaria/FRG....Pages 586-587 Long-Term Monitoring in An Alpine Ecosystem....Pages 588-589 Endangerment of Forest Ecosystems in Slovenia on the Basis of Forest Dieback Inventories and Research....Pages 590-591 Measurement Results and Interpretation of Ozone Transportation into Forests of West Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz)....Pages 592-593 Impact of Acid Deposition Caused by Air Pollution in Central Europe....Pages 594-595 Transfer of Atmospheric Pollutants into a Forest Ecosystem....Pages 596-597 Effects of Pollution on Seminatural Ecosystems....Pages 598-599 Succession and Ecology: Environmental Responses of a Temperate Climate Rain Forest Exposed to Industrial Emissions....Pages 600-601 Hydrology of a Groundwater Fed Fen and its Importance for the Vegetation....Pages 602-603 Analysis of the Throughfall Leachates of a Declining Forest in Relation to Time and to the Mineral Content of the Canopy....Pages 604-605 Chemistry of Rain and Throughfall in a Damaged Silver Fir Forest in the Maritime Alps....Pages 606-607 Production of 24 Na and 43 K Radioisotopes in Carrier-Free Form for Use in Ecological Studies at the Forest Area of the Síkfokút Project....Pages 608-609 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 The role of naturally emitted hydrocarbons (monoterpenes) in the chemistry of the forest atmosphere....Pages 610-611 Ecosystem Transfer of Cadmium and Effects on the Central Foodchain of Insectivora....Pages 612-614 Water Transport in Oak Trees....Pages 615-616 Evaluation of Spruce Stand Transpiration By Sap Flow Measurements in the Vosges Mountains (Strengbach Catchment-France).....Pages 617-618 Water Regime of an Oak-Hornbeam Forest at Báb, SW Slovakia....Pages 619-620 Root and Stem Respiration of Beech Saplings in the Understorey — Studies of Carbon Balance in a Montane Beech Forest ( Fagus sylvatica L. ) in the Solling Area, FRG.....Pages 621-622 Measurements of Chlorophyll Fluorescence From Attached Spruce Needles in a Montane Forest for Assessment of Photosynthetic Adaptation Processes....Pages 623-624 The Significance of Lightflecks for the Carbon Gain and Growth of Fagus Sylvatica L. Seedlings in the Understorey....Pages 625-627 Changes in Resource-Use Efficiency in Different Woody Growth Forms During Secondary Forest Succession in Central Europe....Pages 628-630 Ecophysiology of Leaves of the Mountainous Eucalyptus Pauciflora Sieb. Ex Spreng. SSP. Pauciflora and E. Delegatensis R. T. Baker Under Natural Field Conditions In Australia....Pages 631-632 Acorn Dormancy and Aridity as Factors of Quercus Cerris L. Distribution....Pages 633-634 Carbohydrate Partitioning and Storage in Beech Saplings of a Mature Stand’s Understorey — Studies of Carbon Balance in a Montane Beech Forest ( Fagus sylvatica L .) in the Solling Area, FRG.....Pages 635-636 Effect of Bud Removal on the Mineral Content of One-Year-Old Spruce Needles....Pages 637-638 Can Beech Adapt to Climatical Change?....Pages 639-640 Photosynthetic Rates of Beech Saplings Depending on Irradiance Level in the Understorey — Studies of Carbon Balance in a Montane Beech Forest ( Fagus sylvatica L .) in the Solling Area, FRG.....Pages 641-642 Influence of the Climate and Air Pollution on Needle Surface Characteristics in the Scots Pine ( Pinus Sylvestris L.)....Pages 643-644 Effects of Different pH Values on Seed Growth in Pinus Pinaster and P. Pinea....Pages 645-646 The Use of Multiple Indices in Evaluating Stress and Pollution Effects on Trees.....Pages 647-648 An Instrument for Measuring the Photosynthetic Usable Radiation....Pages 649-650 Decomposition Dynamic of Different Tree Leaves in Three Forest of the Duero Basin (Province of Zamora, Spain)....Pages 651-652 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Open-Top Chambers for Study of the Physiology of Acclimated Trees Under Enhanced Co 2 in Natural Pollution Climate....Pages 653-654 The Effects of Co 2 Enrichment on the Biochemistry of Photosynthesis and Photorespiration of Spruce Trees Cultivated in Open-Top Chambers.....Pages 655-656 Reactions of A 57 Year Old Spruce Tree Subjected To Artificial Water Stress....Pages 657-658 Critical Concentrations of Lead and Cadmium for Young Beech Trees ( Fagus Sylvatica L .)....Pages 659-661 Nitrogen Input and Nitrogen Recycling in Forest Ecosystems....Pages 662-663 Nitrogen Dynamics in Some Beech Forests as Measure of Resilience to Changes Due to Management Practices and Anthropogenic Impacts....Pages 664-665 Nutrient Dynamics and Organic Matter Production in an Oak Forest Ecosystem in North Greece....Pages 666-668 Nitrogen Cycle in a Spruce Stand in the French Ardennes with High Nitrogen Pollution....Pages 669-670 Hydrological and Hydrochemical Responses of a Spruce Catchment (Mont-Lozere, France) Submitted to a Gradual Clearfelling....Pages 671-672 Litterfall Responses to Increased availability of Water, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Holm oak Forest....Pages 673-674 Time series analysis of the ionic content of the water flowing through a forested watershed....Pages 675-676 Biochemical Cycling of Sulphur and its Effects on Surface Water Chemistry in an Acid Catchment in Sw Sweden....Pages 677-678 Importance of the Nitrogen and Sulfur Cycles in the Proton Budget in a Declining Fir Forest and its Relation to Aluminium Toxicity....Pages 679-680 Short-Term Effects of Recycling of Granulated Wood Ash to Forest Soil in Sweden....Pages 681-682 N-Uptake from Wet Deposition By Above Ground Parts of Beech (Fagus Silvatica L.) Trees....Pages 683-684 Retention and Leaching of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in Soil Close to Large Source of Pollution....Pages 685-687 Relation Between the Litter Fall Rate and its Accumulation on the Soil of A Pinus Halepensis Mill. Forest in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)....Pages 688-690 Litter Fall and Mineral Nutrient Content in A Tropical Rain Forest Near Kisangani (Zaïre)....Pages 691-692 Acid Deposition and Throughfall Fluxes as Related to Tree Species....Pages 693-694 Influence of Different Vegetation Management Regimes on Nitrogen Partitioning Within Agriforestry Systems....Pages 695-696 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Litter Decomposition in Forest Soils....Pages 697-698 The Shoot Carbon Balance of Young Chesnut Trees (Castanea Sativa Mill.) in Double CO 2 ....Pages 699-700 The Effect of Increased Atmospheric Co 2 Concentration on the Gowth and Nitrogen Allocation of A Woody Plant ( Castanea Sativa Mill.)....Pages 701-702 Decomposition of Foliar Litter Mixtures: A Microcosm Experiment....Pages 703-706 Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Nutrient Cycling and Soil Biota in Coniferous Forest Soils in the Netherlands; A Field Approach....Pages 707-708 Core Project: Multivariate Analysis of Nutrient Concentrations in Leachates From Soils Transported to Sites of Differing Chemical Climate....Pages 709-710 Core Project: Studies of the Role of Soil Invertebrates in Nutrient Mobilization in Soil Columns....Pages 711-712 Pattern of Microbial Biomass and Activity in European Pine and Spruce Forest Soil Compartments....Pages 713-714 Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Nutrient Cycling and Soil Biota in Coniferous Forest Soils in the Netherlands; A Microcosm Approach....Pages 715-716 Core Project Denitrification in Relation to Canopy Structure in A Spruce Forest....Pages 717-718 Humex-Humic Lake Acidification Experiment....Pages 719-721 Effects of Acid Irrigation and Liming on Soil Chemistry in An Older Spruce Stand (“Höglwald” Experiment)....Pages 722-723 Nitrogen Circulation in Three Spruce Forests in Denmark....Pages 724-725 Precipitation, Throughfall and Soil Water Chemistry in a Spruce Forest in Co. Cork, Ireland. Ballyhooly Project.....Pages 726-727 Microbial and Ecophysiological Response to Manipulatuion of the Atmospheric Input to a Spruce Forest in Denmark....Pages 728-729 Field Comparison of Ceramic and PTFE Soil Water Samplers....Pages 730-731 Acidification Pulses Due to Nitrification in Forest Soils....Pages 732-734 A New Mobile Lysimeter Probe for Soil Water Sampling....Pages 735-737 Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity Estimations in Forest Soils....Pages 738-739 Microbial Ecology and White-Fir Decline in the Trento Forest....Pages 740-741 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Metal Toxicity in Mycorrhizal Norway Spruce Seedlings....Pages 742-744 Role of SO 2 in the Formation of Injuries in Scots Pine Mycorrhizas in Industrial Environments....Pages 745-746 Influence of Sphaerosporella Brunnea Mycorrhiza on the Growth of Quercus Robur and Castenea Satina....Pages 747-748 Physiological and Morphological Features of Spruce and Beech Mycorrhizas in Natural Forest Systems....Pages 749-750 Cold-Acclimation Associated Changes of Soluble Carbohydrates in Mycorrhizal and Non Mycorrhizal Roots of Picea Abies Inoculated with Pisolithus Tinctorius....Pages 751-752 Adenosine Nucleotide Content in Roots of Picea Abies During Mycorrhiza Formation with Pisolithus Tinctorius....Pages 753-754 Functional Groups of Microfungi and Growth Strategies During Decomposition....Pages 755-756 Influence of Immission on Soil Macrofungi and Some of the Biological, Biochemical and Chemical Processes in a Pine Forest....Pages 757-758 Soluble Humic Substances in Forest Soils and their Interference with Plant Nutrient Uptake....Pages 759-760 Root-Surface Fungi of Tuber Ectomycorrhizae....Pages 761-762 Nitrification in Acid Forest Soils in the Netherlands: Vertical Distribution, Regulating Factors and Implications for Soil Acidification....Pages 763-764 Patterns in Denitrifying Activity Processes through Discontinuous Measurements in Danish Beech Forests....Pages 765-766 Nutrient Transfer from Forest Floor to Mineral Soil in a Pinus Radiata D. Don Stand....Pages 767-768 A New Method to Determine Belowground Production in Forest Ecosystems....Pages 769-770 Soil Parent Material Evolution under the Influence of Leap Litter of Forest Tree Species....Pages 771-772 General Properties of Soils under Chestnut Stands in Trás-Os-Montes Region, Portugal....Pages 773-775 Organic Horizons in Mediterranean Forest Soils: Characteristics and Influence of the Parent Material....Pages 776-777 Soil Biological and Biochemical Activities in Different Forest Ecosystems and their Dependence on Certain Soil and Environmental Factors....Pages 778-779 Heathland-Forest-Succession in North-West Germany: Morphological and Chemical Properties of the Soil under Different Successional Stages....Pages 780-781 The Relations between the Sulphur Forms and the Organic and Mineral Components in Soils Developed under Spruce Forests in the Mont Lozere (France)....Pages 782-783 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Effects of Spruce Plantation (Picea Abies Karst.) On the Soil Function of a Previous Broadleaved Ecosystem: Analytical and Experimental Investigations.....Pages 784-785 Effects of Acidification on the Efficience of an Agroecosystem Simulated in Laboratory....Pages 786-788 Reversibility of Soil Acidification by Reduction of Acid Input: An Experiment with Undisturbed Soil Columns....Pages 789-790 Influence of Acid Atmospheric Depositions on Chemical and Mineralogical Soil Conditions....Pages 791-792 Measurement of Ph in A Forest Soil: Does Spatial Variability Hide Significant Temporal Change?....Pages 793-794 Octolasion Lacteum (Örley) (Lumbricidae) Affecting Nutrient Use of Beech Seedlings....Pages 795-796 Clear-Cutting of a Scots Pine Forest — Effects on Soil Biology....Pages 797-799 Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioindicators of Radioactivity....Pages 800-802 Metal Toxicity in Mycorrhizal Norway Spruce Seedlings....Pages 803-805 Stress Bioindicators in Norway Spruce....Pages 806-807 Ecosystem Study in a Central European Pine Forest — Studies on the Cycling of Elements during Litter Decomposition in Pine Forests in the Grunewald, Berlin....Pages 808-809 Nutrient Movements and Microbial Activity in Acid Forest Soil Treated with Slow- and Fast-Releasing Fertilizers....Pages 810-811 Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Growth and Induced Imbalances in a Young Norway Spruce Stand....Pages 812-813 Yield Optimisation in Young Norway Spruce Stands....Pages 814-815 Fertilizing of Norway Spruce Stand in Czech Region of Izera Mountains....Pages 816-817 Initial Effects of Liming On CO 2 -Evolution and N-Mineralization from Forest Floors....Pages 818-820 Changes in Soil, Plant Nutrient Content and Tree Growth During A 5-Year Period on Norway Spruce Plots under Different Liming Regimes in South Sweden.....Pages 821-822 Effects of Liming on Soil Function: Relationships with Spruce Health.....Pages 823-824 Chemical Changes in an Ammonium Sulphate Fertilized and a Limed Soil Under Beech....Pages 825-826 The Effects of Liming on Fine-Roots in Forest Ecosystems....Pages 827-828 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Effects of Liming and N-Fertilization on Soil Chemistry, Biomass and Nutrient Content of Fine Roots in a Mature Beech Stand in the Solling Area (GERMANY)....Pages 829-830 Lipid Composition of Plant Cells Exposed to Air Pollution and its Possible Diagnostic Use: Preliminary Results of O 3 Exposure....Pages 831-832 Recovery of Tree Growth and Soil Properties After Application of Artificial Acid Rain....Pages 833-834 Applicability of Microbial CO 2 Production and Phosphatase Enzyme Activity as Indicators of Pollution Loads into Brown Forest Soils....Pages 835-836 Climate Change — Possible Impacts on Subalpine Forest Ecosystems....Pages 837-838 Deciduous Broadleaved Versus Evergreen Sclerophyllous Forests. Disturbance and Local Shifting Dominance in Mediterranean Environments.....Pages 839-840 The Effects of Burning and Clearcutting in Forest Floor Layers of Holm Oak Forest....Pages 841-842 Humus forms in Eu- and Submediterranean Forests on Acid Parent Materials and the Impact of Forest Fire....Pages 843-844 Study of Microclimatic Factors on a “Mediterranean” Beech Forest....Pages 845-846 Influence of Fire on Forest Soil Microflora....Pages 847-848 Root and Mycorrhizal Dynamics After Fire....Pages 849-850 Postfire Phenology of Chamaerops Humilis L. in a Mediterranean-Type Schrubland....Pages 851-852 Aspects of Forest Decline In Tuscany....Pages 853-854 Differences in Vegetal Regeneration by Effects of Spring and Summer Fires in Quercus Pyrenaica Forests....Pages 855-857 Growth Patterns of Cork-Oak ( Quercus Suber L.) under Natural Conditions....Pages 858-860 The Algerian Communities of Quercus Faginea Lamk. Distribution, Ecology and Phytosociology. Degradation and Preservation. a Case Study.....Pages 861-862 Dynamic Stages in Extrazonal Coenosis of Quercus Ilex in Abruzzo (Central Italy)....Pages 863-864 Quercus Ilex L. Litter Decomposition and Mineral Evolution in an Evergreen Oak Woodland in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain).....Pages 865-866 Resilience of Abandoned Natural Degenerate Forests of the Mediterranean Europe. Developmental Strategies of Four Tree Species.....Pages 867-868 Coniferous Repopulation Effects on Quercus Rotundifolia L. Forests in the Nw Iberian Peninsula.....Pages 869-870 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Environmental Effects of Pinus Radiata D. Don Plantations in the Basque Country (Spain)....Pages 871-873 Ecological Effects of Agroforestry on Pinewoods and Eucalyptus Woods in Galicia (N.W. of the Iberian Peninsula)....Pages 874-875 Neighbourhood Effect on Erica Multiflora Resprouting after Fire and Clipping....Pages 876-877 Study of the Management Systems of the Extremaduran Dehesa (Spain)....Pages 878-879 Models of Structural Variation of the Herbaceous Community with Tree Influence in “Dehesa” Ecosystems of Quercus Pyrenaica....Pages 880-882 Structural Modification of Slopes by Effect of the Tree-Covering....Pages 883-884 The Effect of the Activity of Coprophagous Coleoptera on the Contribution of Nutrients to the Soil In A “Dehesa” System (Q. rotundifolia Lam)....Pages 885-886 Effects of Experimental Fires on Soil and Vegetation....Pages 887-888 Effects of Prescribed Fire on Nitrogen Cycling and Tree Growth in an Australian Eucalypt Forest....Pages 889-891 Structure of Mixed Holm-Oak ( Quercus Ilex ) Aleppo Pine ( Pinus Halepensis ) Forests in Northeastern Spain....Pages 892-893 The Quercus Coccifera L. and Olea Europaea L. Communities in the Algiers Coast Area. Ecology, Phytosociology. Degradation and Preservation Problems....Pages 894-895 Ecology, Dynamics and Conservation of the Quercus Pyrenaica Forests in the South Iberian Peninsula....Pages 896-897 Woodland Vegetation of Veneto — Prodromes of Forest Typology....Pages 898-899 Italian Chestnut Forests: Anthropic Modifications and Structural Aspects....Pages 900-901 A Rapidly Changing Cultivation System: The Coppice....Pages 902-903 Structural and Functional Implications of the Transformation Process of Certain Forest Ecosystems Towards Selection Forest....Pages 904-905 Community Pattern in a Small Scale Forest Ecotone....Pages 906-907 Changes of the Tree Layer on a Danish Mire, Maglemose, 1913–1991....Pages 908-909 Studies on Structure and Function of Dahurian Larch Plantation Ecosystem....Pages 910-911 Small Scale Spatial Patterns of Trees in Mixed Pine-Beech Forests....Pages 912-913 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Environmental Factors Related to Ecological Species Groups in Forest Communities in South Belgium....Pages 914-915 Above-Ground Biomass, Nutrient Distribution and Stand Evolution in a Forest Located on Poor Sandy Soil....Pages 916-917 Phytomass and Productivity of a Larix Decidua Forest in the “Alpes De Haute — Provence” (Southern France).....Pages 918-919 An Ordination Study of Esker Forest Vegetation in Southern Finland....Pages 920-921 Geographic Information Systems (Gis) for the Inventory and Monitoring of the Integrity of Riparian Forests and Woodlands....Pages 922-923 The Changing Structure of a Scots Pine Forest as a Man-Modified Ecosystem....Pages 924-925 Effects of Pasture on the Dynamics of Productivity of Steppe Ecosystems of Azerbaijan....Pages 926-927 Succession of Ground Vegetation in Damaged Stands of the Black Forest (Sw-Germany) with Respect to Emissions....Pages 928-929 Changes in the Forest Ground Layer Vegetation: an Example of Terrestrial Eutrophication....Pages 930-931 Simulation of Transient Responses to Climate Change in Forested Landscapes....Pages 932-933 Simulation of the Silvigenetic Processes in Sub-Mediterranean Forest Communities in Peninsula Italy.....Pages 934-935 On a few Dynamic Process of Vegetation in Umbro-Marchigiano Apennines, Following a Different Use of Soil....Pages 936-937 Architecture and Dynamics of a Woodland Ecosystem in Basilicata (Beech Wood). Project Devoted to Protection of the Environment.....Pages 938-940 Environmental Quality and Anthropogenic Perturbation in the Abruzzo National Park Woodlands (Italy)....Pages 941-942 A Causal-Functional Approach to the Study of Heathland-Forest Succession in North-West Germany: Theoretical Background and Conceptual Framework....Pages 943-944 Dynamics of Vegetation in the Resteration of Areas Abandoned by Agricultural and Pastoral Activities....Pages 945-947 Vegetation Dynamic Maps, Examples Relative to the Central Apennines....Pages 948-950 Use of a Geographic Information System (Arc/Info) for Studying Woodland Recolonisation in Fallow Land Countries (French Alps)....Pages 951-952 Ecological Processes in Forest Gap Models — Analysis and Improvement....Pages 953-954 Implementation of a Soil-Vegetation Transfer Scheme in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model....Pages 955-956 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Effects of the Gypsy Moth Life System on Growth and Yield of Mixed Hardwood Stands....Pages 961-962 Acidic Precipitation and Egg Survival in the European Pine Sawfly....Pages 963-964 Reproduction of Aphids and Spider Mites and Levels of Amino Acids in Conifer Seedlings Exposed to Ozone....Pages 965-966 Numbers of Grey Pine Aphid in Relation to the Composition of Resin Acids and Terpenes of Scots Pine Needles....Pages 967-968 Relationship between Oribatids and Physico-Chemical Soil Factors....Pages 969-971 Entomological Aspects of the Protection of Quercus Suber L. Forests in Sardinia....Pages 972-973 Object-Oriented Design of Topological Tree and Forest Models....Pages 957-958 A Comparative Sensitivity Analysis of Different Process Based Forest Models....Pages 959-960 Natural Regeneration of a Stone Pine (Pinus Pinea L.) Wood in the “Maremma Nature Park” (Grosseto, Italy)....Pages 991-992 Growth Pattern and Architecture in Quercus Ilex L. and Fraxinus Ornus L. Vegetative Regeneration After Coppicing in Maremma Nature Park (Central Italy)....Pages 993-994 Observations on the Decline of Fagus Sylvatica L. in the Tuscan Apennines....Pages 995-996 Structure and Treatment in the Alberese Stone Pine Stand....Pages 997-998 Ecosystem Research in the Bornhöved Lakes Region....Pages 974-975 Ecosystem Study in a Central European Pine Forest — Studies on the Cycling of Elements During Litter Decomposition in Pine Forests in the Grunewald, Berlin....Pages 976-977 Project Arinus: Biogeochemical Cycles in Forested Watersheds as Influenced by Experimental (Nh4)2So4 Treatments....Pages 978-980 Naturalistic Afforestation for the Improvement of a Periurban Area under Mediterranean Conditions....Pages 981-982 Faunistics, Ecology, Structure and Energetics of the Ornithocenosis in Macedonian Oak Ecosystem (Quercetum Trojanae Em Et Ht.) in the Np Galičica (Macedonia, Yugoslavia)....Pages 983-984 Species Characteristics as Appeared in Early Stage of Secondary Succession of a Natural Fir-Hemlock Forest, Shikoku, Japan....Pages 985-986 Hurricanes and Regeneration in a Natural Beech Forest (Fontainebleau — France)....Pages 987-988 Radiocaesium Dynamics in Mediterranean Forest....Pages 989-990 Front Matter....Pages 565-565 Biochemical Characteristics of the A1 Horizon of Chromic Cambisol under Three Different Forest Stands (Poggio Del Comune Relief, Central Italy)....Pages 999-1000 Structure of a Maritime Pine Stand Originated From Fire....Pages 1001-1002 Back Matter....Pages 1003-1009