Resource Curse or Cure ?: On the Sustainability of Development in Western Australia (CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance)

"Globalisation and rapid social and environmental change in recent decades have brought into sharper focus not only the benefits but also the costs of economic development. The once assumed link between economic development and societal well-being is being increasingly questioned in the face of growing social and environmental problems and unfulfilled expectations concerning political and commercial decision-makers. The orthodox development dogma is being tested in particular in resource-based economies such as Western Australia, where globalisation pressures and the concomitant rise in the demand for natural resources highlight the difficulties of effectively balancing broader societal interests with those of industry and the state. This book provides a critical review of the socio-political, environmental and cultural state of play in Western Australia, offering an analysis of how resource-based developments are shaping the state and its people."--Publisher's website Foreword 6 Reference 8 Foreword 10 Preface 12 Acknowledgements 14 Contents 16 List of Figures 18 List of Tables 20 The Contributors 22 Part I: Resource Curse or Cure? Framing the Debate 29 Reference 30 Chapter 1: Confronting the `Resource Curse or Cure ́ Binary 31 Introduction 31 Resource Curse vs. Sustainable Resource Development 32 The Resource Curse or Cure Thesis 32 Resource Curse in Australia 34 The Sustainability of Development 35 The Dominant Narrative: Western Australia ́s Economic `Success ́ 38 Book Overview 43 Resource Curse or Cure? Framing the Debate 43 Chapter 2 43 Challenging Frontier Mythologies 43 Chapter 3 43 Chapter 4 44 Chapter 5 44 Labour Constructions in Mining 44 Chapter 6 44 Chapter 7 45 Chapter 8 45 (Under)Mining Tourism? 45 Chapter 9 45 Chapter 10 46 On the Environmental Dimensions of Mining 46 Chapter 11 46 Chapter 12 46 Chapter 13 47 Chapter 14 47 Living the Resource Boom 47 Chapter 15 47 Chapter 16 48 Chapter 17 48 Resource Curse or Cure? Analysis and Future Directions 49 Chapter 18 49 References 49 Chapter 2: The Politics of Resource Development in Western Australia 52 Introduction 52 The Western Australian Model of Development 53 Resource Development Since 1983 55 The Development Model Today 57 Party Politics and Resource Development 60 References 65 Part II: Challenging Frontier Mythologies 68 References 68 Chapter 3: The Ethics of Resource Extraction and Processing: Two Western Australian Case Studies 69 Introduction: The Ethics of Resource Development 69 Aboriginal or Songline Ethics 70 Colonial and Development Ethics 72 Despotism 72 Sustainability as a New Global Environmental Ethics 73 Ethics and Development in Contemporary WA 74 Murujuga (The Burrup Peninsula) 74 James Price Point 76 Natural Heritage 77 Cultural/Social Heritage 78 Conclusion 80 References 82 Chapter 4: The Political Economy of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Resource Sector in Western Australia. A Case Study ... 84 Introduction 85 The Spaces of CSR: A Theoretical Framework 86 Case Study Background 89 The Spaces of CSR at James Price Point 90 The Pressing Need for Development 90 Technologies for Environmental Management 92 Conclusion 95 References 95 Chapter 5: The Mining Boom and Indigenous Labour Market Outcomes 99 Introduction 99 Background 100 The Legal Framework 102 The Mining Boom and Indigenous Economic Development in WA 104 Discussion 107 Appendix: Regression Modelling 110 References 112 Part III: Labour Constructions in Mining 114 References 115 Chapter 6: Global Production Networks and Resources in Western Australia 116 Introduction 116 Global Production Networks 118 Strategic Coupling: Winners, Losers, Losing Out 119 State and Development 119 Institutional Capture 120 Labour 122 Industrial Relations in Western Australia and the Mining Sector 124 Conclusion 127 References 127 Chapter 7: The Money Trail: An Exploration of Perspectives on Money and Materialism in FIFO Employment 130 Introduction 130 The FIFO Effect 131 An Introduction to Life Inside a Junior Iron Ore Company 133 FIFO Concerns: A Chance to Get Ahead: Toys, Houses and Control 134 Houses 136 A Good Time, Not a Long Time: Golden Handcuffs 138 Empowerment or Entrapment? 139 Conclusion 140 References 141 Chapter 8: Gendered Dimensions of Resource Extraction: The Place of Women 143 Introduction 143 Mining Wives (and Mining Towns) 144 FIFO Wives 147 Women and Mining Work 148 Women in Mining: Statistical Overview 148 Addressing Women ́s Under-Representation 149 Women ́s Disadvantage and Mining Industry Culture 152 Conclusion 154 References 154 Part IV: (Under)mining Tourism? 156 References 157 Chapter 9: Introducing Oil and Gas to a Remote, Iconic Tourism Destination: Impacts on Broome and the West Kimberley 158 Introduction 159 Method 159 Impacts of Industrialisation on Remote Tourism Destinations 160 Context: The Kimberley 163 The Broome and Kimberley Brand 164 The Development Proposal 165 Tourism and the Resource Sector: Regional Benefits 166 Tourism Impacts 166 Oil and Gas Impacts 167 Broome and the West Kimberley Tourism and Oil and Gas 169 Conclusion 170 References 171 Chapter 10: Geotourism: A Sustainable Development Alternative for Remote Locations in Western Australia? 174 Introduction: Resource Extraction vs. Conservation Values 174 Geotourism: A New Form of Natural Area Tourism 177 Successful and Potential Future Geotourism Attractions in Western Australia 179 Conclusion 181 References 182 Part V: On the Environmental Dimensions of Mining 184 References 184 Chapter 11: Regulating the Resource Juggernaut 185 How Big Is the Issue? 186 Overview of Regulatory Control 187 Assessment and Permitting of Resource Projects 188 Post-approval Regulation 190 Political Barriers to Regulating the Resource Industry 192 How Effective Is Regulation of the Mining and Petroleum Sector in WA? 194 What Is Required for More Effective Regulation? 194 Summary and Conclusions 196 References 196 Chapter 12: An Overview of Mining and the Environment in Western Australia 198 Introduction 198 Western Australia 199 Common Environmental Impacts of Mining 199 Mineral Case Studies of West Australian Mining 202 Gold 202 Iron Ore 203 Nickel 204 Trends in Mining 205 Increasing Production and Resources in WA 205 Declining Ore Grade, Increasing Waste 206 Society and the Environment 207 Mining Legacies 208 Managing Landscape and Development 210 Conclusion 211 References 211 Chapter 13: Mining and Biodiversity: Are They Compatible? 214 Introduction 214 Biodiversity Integrity 215 Ecosystem Services 218 Multiplier Effects 218 Impact on Specific Ecosystems and Species 219 Biodiversity and People 220 Cumulative Impacts 221 Amelioration of Impacts 221 Conclusions 222 References 223 Chapter 14: Sustainability Mining: Water for Mining, and Mining Water 225 Introduction 226 Water, Well-Being and Mining 226 The Use of Water by Mining 228 Mining By-Products in Water 231 The Capacity to Mine Water 232 Societal Constructions of Water Problems 234 Mining Embedded and Water Embodied: Policy Direction 236 Conclusion 236 References 236 Part VI: Living the Resource Boom 238 References 238 Chapter 15: Mining and (Sustainable) Local Communities: Transforming Ravensthorpe, Western Australia 240 Introduction 240 Measuring (and Masking) the Socio-economic Impacts of Mining 241 Boom and Bust in Ravensthorpe 243 Transforming the Shire of Ravensthorpe 245 Mining-Community Relations 247 Sustainable (Mining) Communities 249 Conclusions 251 References 252 Chapter 16: On the Social Sustainability of Development in Western Australia: A Community Perspective 255 Introduction 255 Social Sustainability and Growth-Based Development 257 The Transformation of a Town 258 Brief Conflict History 259 Local Experiences 260 Community Perceptions of Industry and Government Responses 262 On the Social Sustainability of Development 266 Concluding Comments 268 References 269 Chapter 17: `Not Taking, But Giving ́: A Paradox of Cross-Cultural Empowerment 272 Introduction 272 Background 274 Indigenous Employment in the Mining Sector 276 An Alternative Narrative 277 Building Local Community Capacity 278 Cultural Awareness Training 279 Suggestions for Future Directions 282 References 284 Part VII: Resource Curse or Cure? Analysis and Future Directions 286 Chapter 18: Curse or Cure? Revisiting State, Capital and Resources 287 When the Boom Is Over 287 The Sustainability of Resource Development in WA 289 Curse of Unsustainable (Non) Development 293 Moving Beyond the Binary 296 Concluding Comments 298 References 301 Index 305 Front Matter....Pages i-xxvii Front Matter....Pages 1-2 Confronting the ‘Resource Curse or Cure’ Binary....Pages 3-23 The Politics of Resource Development in Western Australia....Pages 25-40 Front Matter....Pages 41-41 The Ethics of Resource Extraction and Processing: Two Western Australian Case Studies....Pages 43-57 The Political Economy of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Resource Sector in Western Australia. A Case Study of the Proposed James Price Point LNG Precinct....Pages 59-73 The Mining Boom and Indigenous Labour Market Outcomes....Pages 75-89 Front Matter....Pages 91-92 Global Production Networks and Resources in Western Australia....Pages 93-106 The Money Trail: An Exploration of Perspectives on Money and Materialism in FIFO Employment....Pages 107-119 Gendered Dimensions of Resource Extraction: The Place of Women....Pages 121-133 Front Matter....Pages 135-136 Introducing Oil and Gas to a Remote, Iconic Tourism Destination: Impacts on Broome and the West Kimberley....Pages 137-152 Geotourism: A Sustainable Development Alternative for Remote Locations in Western Australia?....Pages 153-162 Front Matter....Pages 163-163 Regulating the Resource Juggernaut....Pages 165-177 An Overview of Mining and the Environment in Western Australia....Pages 179-194 Mining and Biodiversity: Are They Compatible?....Pages 195-205 Sustainability Mining: Water for Mining, and Mining Water....Pages 207-219 Front Matter....Pages 221-222 Mining and (Sustainable) Local Communities: Transforming Ravensthorpe, Western Australia....Pages 223-237 On the Social Sustainability of Development in Western Australia: A Community Perspective....Pages 239-255 ‘Not Taking, But Giving’: A Paradox of Cross-Cultural Empowerment....Pages 257-270 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 Curse or Cure? Revisiting State, Capital and Resources....Pages 273-290 Back Matter....Pages 291-295