Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World - 18th to 20th Centuries

Crawford Young offers an informed and authoritative comparative overview of fifty years of African independence, drawing on his decades of research and first-hand experience on the African continent. Young identifies three cycles of hope and disappointment common to many of the African states (including those in North Africa) over the last half-century: initial euphoria at independence in the 1960s followed by disillusionment with a lapse into single-party autocracies and military rule; a period of renewed confidence, radicalization, and ambitious state expansion in the 1970s preceding state crisis and even failure in the disastrous 1980s; and a phase of reborn optimism during the continental wave of democratization beginning around 1990. He explores in depth the many African civil wars—especially those since 1990—and three key tracks of identity: Africanism, territorial nationalism, and ethnicity. Only more recently, Young argues, have the paths of the fifty-three African states begun to diverge more dramatically, with some leading to liberalization and others to political, social, and economic collapse—outcomes impossible to predict at the outset of independence.

The contributors-historians and anthropologists from a number of countries-move beyond the traditional structural analysis of society to a finer understanding of people as actors. Native Andean initiatives and consciousness are clearly placed at the center of this inquiry, which merges the best methods of history an anthropology.

Stern begins with a vigorously argued theoretical essay in which he identifies major findings and arguments running throughout the book, demonstrates their pertinence to the more general field of peasant studies, and draws out the implications for theory and method. He reappraises the role of peasant consciousness and political horizons; and the significance of ethnic factors in explaining peasant consciousness and revolt.

The case studies themselves revamp the history of Andean peasant rebellion and consciousness in Peru and Bolivia. This is accomplished by studying violent uprisings as transitional moments within a long-term trajectory embracing varied forms of resistance, and by scrutinizing closely the ideological and cultural aspects of domination, political legitimacy, and rebellion. The results sharply alter our understanding of three major historical problems: the crisis of Spanish colonial rule and the outbreak of native Andean insurrection in the eighteenth century; the response to peasants to creole wars and nation-building efforts in the nineteenth century; and the political strategies and dilemmas of Andean peasants in the context of populist and radical politics in the twentieth century.

The contributorshistorians and anthropologists from a number of countriesmove beyond the traditional structural analysis of society to a finer understanding of people as actors. Native Andean initiatives and consciousness are clearly placed at the center of this inquiry, which merges the best methods of history an anthropology. Stern begins with a vigorously argued theoretical essay in which he identifies major findings and arguments running throughout the book, demonstrates their pertinence to the more general field of peasant studies, and draws out the implications for theory and method. He reappraises the role of peasant consciousness and political horizons; and the significance of ethnic factors in explaining "peasant" consciousness and revolt. The case studies themselves revamp the history of Andean peasant rebellion and consciousness in Peru and Bolivia. This is accomplished by studying violent uprisings as transitional moments within a long-term trajectory embracing varied forms of resistance, and by scrutinizing closely the ideological and cultural aspects of domination, political legitimacy, and rebellion. The results sharply alter our understanding of three major historical the crisis of Spanish colonial rule and the outbreak of native Andean insurrection in the eighteenth century; the response to peasants to creole wars and nation-building efforts in the nineteenth century; and the political strategies and dilemmas of Andean peasants in the context of populist and radical politics in the twentieth century. Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Maps Preface Introduction 1. New Approaches to the Study of Peasant Rebellion and Consciousness: Implications of the Andean Experience PART I. From Resistance to Insurrection: Crisis of the Colonial Order Introduction to Part I 2. The Age of Andean Insurrection, 1742-1782: A Reappraisal 3. A Test of Causal Interpretations of the Túpac Amaru Rebellion 4. Ideology and Factionalism during the Great Rebellion, 1780-1782 Introduction to Part II 5. Ancestor Cults and Resistance to the State in Arequipa, ca. 1748-1754 6. Why Kill the Spaniard? New Perspectiveson Andean Insurrectionary Ideology in the 18th Century 7. In Search of an Inca PART III. Rebellion and Nation-State Formation: 19th-Century Perspectives Introduction to Part III 9. Nationalist and Antistate Coalitions in the War of the Pacific: Junín and Cajamarca, 1879-1902 10. The Andean Experience of Bolivian Liberalism, 1525-1900: Roots of Rebellion in 19th-Century Chayanta (Potosi) PART IV. Political Dilemmas and Consciousness in Modern Andean Revolt: Bolivian Case Studies Introduction to Part IV 11. From the National Indigenous Congress to the Ayopaya Rebellion: Bolivia, 1945-1947 12. From MNRistas to Kataristas to Katari Index New Approaches To The Study Of Peasant Rebellion And Consciousness : Implications Of The Andean Experience / Steve J. Stern -- The Age Of Andean Insurrection, 1742-1782 : A Reappraisal / Steve J. Stern -- A Test Of Causal Interpretations Of The Túpac Amaru Rebellion / Magnus Mörner And Efrain Trelles -- Ideology And Factionalism During The Great Rebellion, 1780-1782 / Leon G. Campbell -- Ancestor Cults And Resistance To The State In Arequipa, Ca. 1748-1754 / Frank Salomon -- Why Kill The Spaniard? New Perspectives On Andean Insurrectionary Ideology In The 18th Century / Jan Szemiński -- In Search Of An Inca / Alberto Flores Galindo -- The Indian Peasantry And Peru During The War With Chile / Heraclio Bonilla. Nationalist And Antistate Coalitions In The War Of The Pacific : Junín And Cajamarca, 1879-1902 / Florencia E. Mallon -- The Andean Experience Of Bolivian Liberalism, 1825-1900 : Roots Of Rebellion In 19th-century Chayanta (potosí) / Tristan Platt -- From The National Indigenous Congress To The Ayopaya Rebellion : Bolivia, 1945-1947 / Jorge Dandler And Juan Torrico A. -- From Mnristas To Kataristas To Katari / Xavier Albó. Edited By Steve J. Stern. Includes Bibliographies And Index.