Resistance of Cancer Cells to CTL-Mediated Immunotherapy (Resistance to Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapeutics Book 7)

This comprehensive volume explores the latest research on the mechanisms of resistance in cancer cells to CTL-mediated immunotherapy. Chapter topics discuss cell-mediated immunity as the result of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) directed specifically against cancer cells. In addition, the volume reviews how CTL mediate the cytotoxic activity, in large part, by the indication of apoptosis; hence, tumor cells develop anti-apoptotic mechanisms and thereby, resist CTL-induced apoptosis. In order for CTL-mediated antitumor immunotherapy to be effective, it is essential that agents directed against the resistant tumor cells sensitized cancer cells for CTL-mediated apoptosis. Examples of such agents discussed in the volume include are HDAC inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, Bcl-2 family inhibitors, PARP, antibodies, and more. Front Matter....Pages i-xix Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells to Cell-Mediated Immune Responses....Pages 3-29 Role of Co-inhibitory Molecules in Tumor Escape from CTL Attack....Pages 31-58 Role of the Non-classical HLA Class I Antigens for Immune Escape....Pages 59-72 Integrins: Friends or Foes of Antitumor Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response....Pages 73-89 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Their Granzymes: An Overview....Pages 91-112 Front Matter....Pages 113-113 Hypoxia: A Formidable Saboteur of the Anti-tumor Response....Pages 115-142 Mechanisms and Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment-Induced Immune Resistance....Pages 143-158 Evasion of Cytotoxic Lymphocyte and Pulmonary Macrophage-Mediated Immune Responses in Lung Cancer....Pages 159-174 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 Sensitization of Immune-Resistant Tumor Cells to CTL-Mediated Apoptosis via Interference at the Dysregulated NF-κB/Snail/YY1/PI3K/RKIP/PTEN Resistant Loop....Pages 177-208 Overcoming Cancer Cell Resistance to Death Receptor Targeted Therapies....Pages 209-233 Pancreatic Cancer Resistance to TRAIL Therapy: Regulators of the Death Inducing Signaling Complex....Pages 235-265 Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Influence on CTL Activity....Pages 267-284 Front Matter....Pages 285-285 Cancer Induced Immunosuppression and Its Modulation by Signal Inhibitors....Pages 287-301 Quality of CTL Therapies: A Changing Landscape....Pages 303-349 ERRATUM TO: Integrins: Friends or Foes of Antitumor Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response....Pages E1-E1 Back Matter....Pages 351-353 This book, written by leading investigators, brings together the latest knowledge about key aspects of the most rapidly progressing fields of tumor escape and tumor resistance to CTL. Readers will benefit from a collection of outstanding surveys that cover some factors regulating resistance to CTL cytotoxicity, the influence of tumor microenvironment, and the resistance to death ligands, mediated apoptosis, and means to reverse resistance. This remarkable volume also emphasizes the future directions that may lead to the design of more innovative, refined, and integrative immunotherapies to target tumor plasticity and heterogeneity, and help to overcome the inherent limitations of current treatments. By providing a broad scope of innovative concepts in the burgeoning field of cancer biology and immunotherapy, this volume will be of exceptional interest and a valuable reference for scientists, clinicians, health professionals, and biopharmaceutical companies working in the field of cancer immunotherapy.