Resistance '91 : achievements and developments in combating pesticide resistance ; [Proceedings of the SCI Symposium 'Resistance'91: Achievements and Developments in Combating Pesticide Resistance', held at Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK,

The development of pesticide resistance in arthropod pests, plant pathogens and weeds can be viewed and studied from two contrasting perspectives. At a fundamental level, resistance provides an almost ideal example of adaptation to withstand severe environmental stress. Population geneticists, biochemists and, most recently, molecular biologists have cast considerable light on the nature of this adaptation in diverse taxonomic groups, and on factors determining its selection and spread within and between populations. Unlike most evolutionary phenomena, however, resistance is also of immediate practical and economic significance. Not only has the number of resistant species continued to increase inexorably, but there has been an alarming increase in the severity and extent of some resistance problems. Cases of organisms resisting virtually all available pesticides are by no means uncommon, and pose a formidable challenge in view of present difficulties in discovering and developing novel chemicals. Although most occurrences of resistance were initially monofactorial, resistance now frequently involves a suite of coexisting mechanisms that protect organisms against the same or different pesticide groups, and may even predispose them to resist new, as yet unused chemicals. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Monitoring Fungicide Resistance: Purposes, Procedures and Progress....Pages 1-18 Role of Mutation and Migration in the Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito Culex Pipiens ....Pages 19-27 Herbicide Resistance in the Weed Alopecurus Myosuroides (Black-Grass): The Current Situation....Pages 28-40 Irac Fruit Crops Working Group Spider Mite Resistance Management Strategy....Pages 41-47 Fungicide Resistance Strategies in Winter Wheat in The Netherlands....Pages 48-60 Evolution and Management of Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ....Pages 61-74 Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Annual Ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum ): A Driving Force for the Adoption of Integrated Weed Management....Pages 75-87 Management of Insecticide Resistance in Heliothis Armigera in Australia - Ecological and Chemical Countermeasures....Pages 88-99 Resistance to Phenylamide Fungicides: Strategies and their Evaluation....Pages 100-111 The International Organization for Resistant Pest Management (IRPM): A Fresh Collaborative Approach....Pages 112-123 What Do We Really Know About Management of Insecticide Resistance?....Pages 124-135 How Does Spatial Structure in Populations Affect the Spread of Fungicide Resistance?....Pages 136-147 Modelling Herbicide Resistance - A Study of Ecological Fitness....Pages 148-164 Analysis of Insecticide Resistance in the Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci ....Pages 165-178 Negative Cross-Resistance in Fungicides: From the Laboratory to the Field....Pages 179-189 The Contribution of Genetic Studies to Understanding Fungicide Resistance....Pages 190-202 Mechanisms of Resistance to Herbicides....Pages 203-217 Mechanisms of Resistance to Fungicides....Pages 218-227 Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels in Susceptible and Pyrethroid-Resistant Drosophila Strains....Pages 228-239 Insecticide Resistance by Gene Amplification in Myzus Persicae ....Pages 240-250 Biochemical Mechanisms of Resistance to Photosystem II Herbicides....Pages 251-261 Molecular Biology and Diagnostics in Disease Control....Pages 262-271 Insect Resistance to Biotechnology Products: An Overview of Research and Possible Management Strategies....Pages 272-282 The Needs for New Herbicide-Resistant Crops....Pages 283-294 Bioherbicides: Their Role in Tomorrow’s Agriculture....Pages 295-306 Genetic Engineering of Predators and Parasitoids for Pesticide Resistance....Pages 307-324 Potential New Sites for Fungicides....Pages 325-339 Potential for Synergising Herbicides through Modification of Metabolism....Pages 340-353 Potential of Novel Chemical Approaches for Overcoming Insecticide Resistance....Pages 354-365 Back Matter....Pages 367-367